US1364656A - Industrial use of exhaust-gases of internal-combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

L.-E.T1SS!ER. INDUSTRIAL USE 0F EXHAUST GASES OF lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED l\N.19,19!8.

1,864,656. Patented Jan. 4, 1921-; I231! 2 SHEETS-S HEET 1.

L. .E. TISSIER. INDUSTR I AL USE OF 'EX HAUST GASES OF INTERNAL .COMBIUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION,.F|LED'JAN.19.19I8- 1,364,656. Patented Jan. 4, 1921,-

4 2 SIHEETSSHEET 2.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS ETIENNE TISSIER, 0F BATNA, ALGERIA.

INDUSTRIAL USE OF EXHAUST-GASES 0F INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application filed January 19, 1918. Serial No.

tions (illuminating gas, kerosene, 'gasolene,

. bonic acid).

heavy oils, etc.) for the calcination of metallic carbonates (calamins, iron ores, manganese ores, etc.) as well as gypsum, and even for roasting metallic sulfids, for car- .bonizing wood, dissociationof peat, and in general for treating all mineral or vegetable matter which undergoes an industrial modification by the agency of heat.

In order to produce this result it sutlices to bring the engine exhaust gas under a furnace containing the products to be treated. The exhaust gas circulates from bottom to top in the heating column which is formed in this way, and after a few hours the heat accumulated is sufficient to produce the desired caloination, carbonization or dissociation.

The hot carbonic acid gas of theexhaust acts to dissociate the material under treatment, and after a time it drives off the volatile substances while the non-volatile substances cannot become ignited precisely on account of the presence of inert gas (carprocess there is employed a muffler box built; of fire-brick and having double or triple the size of the usual muflierbox, and the fur nace is constructed uporithis box.

7 In the accompanying drawings there are represented in diagram and vertical section,

1n Figures 1 and 2 two'constructional forms of a furnace whichallows of carrying out the process according to the invention. in different applications of the same which may occur in practice. It is observed that in the furnace shown in Fig. 1, the exhaust E enters the device at the bottom and at the central part. so that the exhaust takes place from bottom to top. The muflier box R is of cylindrical shape and is at least ten centimeters less in diameter than the .urnace part which follows, in order to Specification of Letters Patent.

, product to be exposed opened and I Should the According to the In order to carry out this "of lime); it will Patented Jan. 4, 1921. 212,833.

afford a ledge for the removable perforated metal plate G upon which is placed the to heat. The holes in this plate have a diameter which varies according to that of the product. It can be grasped at the top and removed from the furnace by means of the ring A. The furnace proper is of cylindrical shape, and 18 built of ordinary firebrick. The walls 13 are about-0.46 meter thick, with two parts separated by a space of 2 or 3 centimeters filled with wood ash in order to avoidloss of heat. The new process which is the object of this invention is especially applicable to fine products from 1 millimeter to 40 millimeters, and under these conditions the width of the furnace-should. be about 1 meter (diameter) and about ll50 meters high. The dimensions willvary according to the size of the ore, etc., to be calcined or roasted. At the level of the perforated plate and situated on a diameter are two furnace openings T made up of cast or wrought iron pipe built into the brickwork and having about 0.20 meter diameter. These are-tightly closed on the outside by a heavy metal platelined with asbestos- P. The furnace is charged up to the top( During the action of the exhaust, the charging and the removal of products canbecarried on in a continuous manner. After a few hours run, thelower portions of "product are calcined. At this time the doors are the calcined part is removed. material not fall out by its own action, a rake can be used for the removal. size of the engine which furnishes the exhaust, it ,:will require 3 to .46 hours to calcine to a height of 040 to 0.60 meter of ore, that is, this portionis to be taken .out every 3 or 4 hours. Dissociation obtained in nearly all'cases by the [simple .heat of the exhaust, but in case this heat should prove insuflicient (roasting of sulfids,-calcination of limestone for-production suffice to admix a small amount of wood charcoal (0.25 to 1%) in order to obtain a complete result. In order to obtain a better use of the heat of engine exhaust gas, as well as a more economical handling of the products under treatment, the furnace can be constructed with the section shown in Fig. 2. The muffler box R is in cast iron or heavy plate. It is about 0.70

diameter. has 0.63 plate Gr the automatic evacuation of the products as soon as the outlets O are opened, these being formed of iron pipe of 0.15 to 0.20 meter diameter. A tight closing is obtained by a heavy cast iron plate with a screw clamp device. The lower part of the furnace (to b 0 (Z) to a height of about 0.80 meter is constructed of plate iron from 6 to 8 millimeters thick, and the outlets are riveted to this plate. Between the brickwork B and the metal part is left a space of 3 or 1 centimeters which is filled with wood ash and serves to allow free expansion.

In order to obtain a better distribution of heat inside the furnace, there is employed a central pipe K oflO to 12 centimeters diameter open at both ends and which is filled up with material at the same time as the furnace This pipe rests freely upon the roasting plate Grand can be held in place by the material to be treated. It acts to prevent to a certain extent the material in the furnace from forming a compact mass in the central part of the furnace shaft whereby the gas is distributed more uniformly throughout the material, the gas having an opportunity to creep along the wall of the pipe. Said pipe may however be omitted.

The furnace can be constructed entirely in plate iron of 6 to 8 millimeters thickness. In this case a single thickness or course of brick will sufiice, but an empty space is always left and filledup with wood ash. When the engines employed are over H; P; size, it is advisable to separate the exhaust in two portions and'to constructtwo furnaces instead of one, using a furnace on each exhaust. In this way, the total effi'ciency of the system is higher.

The new process also allows of calcining bauxites, kieselguhrs, and in short'all ores which are-to undergo a dissociation treatment of any kind. When the product under treatment is very friable, as for instance kieselguhr, and has a tendency to run through the holesin the plate, the following arrangement can be made. Instead of disposing the muflier box under the furnace, it

is placed within the latter, and the gas exhaust orifice is disposed to open from the top down, and at about 050 meter above the roasting plate- This latter is now replaced by a solid plane surface which hermetically closes the lower part of the furnace. Under these conditions the treated products entirely surround the muffler box. The furnace is here built in larger size, especially at the lower part.

Roasting of metallic sulfids is of especial interest in the case of sulfids of zinc (blendes). The size of the pieces to be roasted should be about 3 millimeters. The operation lasts for about 24: hours. The pulsations due to the action of the exhaust gas discharged from the engine into the furnace produce an automatic stirring effect which aids in the roasting process. The transformation of sulfid to oxid of zinc is carried out directly and the material does not pass by the intermediate state of sulfate of zinc, whereas at the present time it has been impossible to avoid the production of sulfate of zinc, and this required a considerable amount of heat in order to effect its final reduction to oxid. By the new process, the roasting is carried on onl in the presence of carbonic acid gas iexhaust gas) which acts as an oxidizing agent according to the following reaction.

In the usual roasting process, sulfuric acid is produced. by reason of a super-oxidation due to the presence of an excess of free oxygen. But in the present case nothing of the kind happens, and this constitutes an entirely new method- It allows of roasting blendes at low temperatures in the presence of carbonic acid alone. The dimensions and shape of the furnace'will vary according to the use for which it is employed.

Another application of the useof the heat of exhaust gas of low-carbon gas'engines, consists in carbonizing wood, with recuperation of tar. F or this purpose therecan be employed a furnace'of analogous design to Fig. 1'. The wood is packed into thisifurnace. The heat' of the exhaust is sufficient to carbonize the wood in a fewhours, and it cannot take fire for the reason'that it is surrounded by carbonic acid gas (exhaust gas). In this way the wood is perfectly carbonized. The yield incharcoal is about 80 per cent. A furnace of'this kindcan be constructed with square, rectangular or round section, from 1.20'to*2.80 meters, and a height varying from-3 to 10 meters. The outlets placed at the'lower part of the-furnace, one or two in number, havethe following size, 0.40 meterby 0.70 meter about; they should close hermetically. The top mouth of the furnace is closed by a removable cone-shaped piece in plate iron, and from this passes the piping which brings the gaseous products into a condenser for recuperation of the tar products. To empty the furnace the charcoal produced is allowed to cool, for if removed in a highly heated state it would take fire on contact'with the so that the exhaust can escape into the air or be sent into a second furnace.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A process for treating mineral or vegetable substances by the heat of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and which consists in causing said gases to circulate through said substances in direct contact with the latter, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.

2. A process for treating mineral and vegetable substances by heat, which consists in packing these substances in a shaft furnace, addin to them products designed to facilitate t e combustion, and passing internal combustion engine exhaust gases through LOUIS ETIENNE TISSIER.

Witnesses Vrcron Pnmon, LOUIS BERNARD.

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