US1362064A - Process of producing decolorizing charcoal - Google Patents

Description

R. VON OSTREJKO.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING DISCOLORIZING CHARCOAL.

AFPLlCTlON FILED DC-13,1916.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920;

4 SHEETS-suini.

271 vvz for* a z5 es R. VON OSTREJKO. PROCESS 0F PRODUCING ISCOLORIZING CHARCOAL..

APPLlc/mon man 0m13.191s. 1,362,064. Patented Dec. 14,1920,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

R. VON OSTREIKO.

PROCESS 0F PRODUCING DISCOLORIZING CHARCOAL.

APPLICATION FILED DEC13, 1916.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

R. VON OSTREJKO.

.PROCESS 0F PRODUCING DISCOLORIZING CHARCOAL.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-13, i916. v Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

4 sHEETssHEET 4.

AIV/AV AW .u u n. n.

, n. HH.

www

.w @am Zzegsse-S'/ l ,UNITED STATES PATENT' OFFICE.

HMI; VON OSTREJKG, 0F CRAKOW, AUSTRIA,` ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, T0 THE CHEMICAL FOUNDATION, INC., A CORPGRATION 0F DELAWRE.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING- DECGLORIZING CHARCOAL.

incanta.

may concern:

that ll, RAPHAEL VON Os- TREJKO, a native of Kovno, chemical engineer, a subject of the Emperor of Russia, and resident of Crakow, Austria, have in- To all whom t l vented certain new and useful improvements 1n Processes of Producing Decolorizing Charcoal, ot which the following is a specification. j

vThe previous methods of producing decolorizing charcoal, consist in subjecting the charcoal while in a state of red heat, to the action of. superheated steam. My vention relates to an vimprovement in the methods, heretofore used, which, in addition to a saving in fuel affords a highly active product suitable for the decolorization and eodorization of technical purposes. f

Inaccordance with my invention, the combustible gases, which are formed by the inter-action of the superheated steam and the red hot charcoal, are burned, together with a suitable addition of air, in the ployed for heating the retorts; being that,L as soon as a certain temperature has been attained, all further supply of fuel may be entirely stopped. When the decolorizing charcoal is ready, a portion thereof is emptied into vessels placed underneath the' retorts, and thence conveyed, through conduits arranged in theplant, to the rear of the furnace. The charcoal is then subjected for atime, to the action of a considerthe result f able degree of heat, while entirely excluding the adnnssion of air, in order to permit the charcoal to attain the properties desired to the highest degree possible. ln the place of the charcoal withdrawn, the retort is fed with a fresh supply, so that the plant`may be kept in uninterrupted operation.

e piant serving my present improved comprises a furnace, having an ash-pit; a chamber in which the vertical retorts are bricked in,` and` a chamber for the steam superheater. rlhe hue-gases, according to the arrangement, rst come into Contact with the retorts, then passing over the superheater tubes, and, finaily, pass oil through the chimney. My invention embodies a special manner of bricking in the retorts; further, a particular forni of' construction of the bottom portions of the re Orts; aiso, the arrangement of special passar-n process, essentially Specification of Letters Patent;

Application filed December 13, 1916.

liquids, and for electroto practically carry outy `wall` g and the bricks `ner space of the oven.

t es for the supply of air rior Patented Dec. is, i926. Serial No. 136,?01.

combustion of the gases withdrawn from the retorts, and, lastly, a particular form of construction ofthe steam superheater.

ne form of construction ofthe plant, according to my invention, is illustrated, by Way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in whichFigures l and lal together show a complete vertical longitudinal section, Fig. l representin the upper half of the plant, and Fig. 1a t e lower half; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section; and Fig. 31s a horizontal sectionof the same.

The plant comprises an oven a Within which four vertical retorts b, of a refractory material, are bricked in. Each of the said retorts b is provided at its upper tapered end with a tubular projection or neck c carrying a lid al, and into which projection a supply pipe e terminates, through which superheated steam may be supplied from a steam superheater f. l P

he oven a is provided with a furnaceg, having a door 7L and a grate z' of ireproof bricks, and it communicates with an ash- Communication between the furnace and the ash-pit is established-not only by the grate-openings, but also by means of special conduits Z, the pur ose and manner of operation of which wil be dealt with hereinafter. y The Hue-gases pass from the furnace through the openings in the pierced, fireproof wall g, into the space between the reproof jackets 72 of the retorts 25, which are held apart by fireprooi bricks 62. (Cf.

n the upper portion space 'above the jackets proper and between the retorts b and the inner reproof lining of the oven, is filled in with ireproof bricks b3, disposedy checker boardwise, in such a manner as to give rise to the formation of zigzag shaped passages. sult of this arrangement is that in consequence of the cooperation of the open-work 33, 'the flue gases distribute themselves uniformly and taire an extremely sinuous path through the inthis arrangement, 'the due-gases are completely utilized. interior of the oven communicates with the space n t" ein the superheater pipes f are dispos-d by means of an eX- haust flue m, (lrif o the flue gases necessarily pass the space :t

of the oven, the

The refeo f through the discharge tube mand the supere'ra'e to reach the eue 0 (rig. in) of the chimney. L In addition, the interior of the furnace g is in communication with the interior of each retort b in the following manner The tapered lower portions of the retorts b, which are provided with openings p close to their edge, and are adapted to be lclosed by perforated slide plates g of a refractory material, terminate in spaces or conduits r, each'of which communicates, by means of `two conduits r', facing one another, with the collector channel s arranged to terminate at s in the furnace. The conduits 7' are Yfairly wide; they are accessible from without and may be closed by doors f2. The steam supplied by a suitable generator initially 4flows through the U`shaped tube u, which surrounds the superheater pipes proper vf and which is provided at the bottom with 4a tube t carrying a valve 15 land ,serving for the delivery of the water of condensation. From` the tube u, in which the steam is dried and preheated, the

steam passes through the connection tubes u and u2, tothe horizontal tube M3, and

thence through the Yvalve f into the four superheater tubesproper f, which are heated by the fuel gases passing through the vertical space or flue fn.,- each of the tubes f being in communication by means of a tube e with the interior of a retort 6.

#The furnace g is furthermore provided i with side openings g2, adapted to be closed i ash-pit openin served, and they may when required, and the purpose of 4which will be explained later on when the inode of operation 4of v.the plant'is dealt with; The is accessible from without by f7 a door j and is provided with an o formed in the side wall, the area of vvliic may be adjusted as desired. Y

The plantgis moreover provided at suitable places with inspection holes fw, lw', for observation of the temperature to be obbe closed by stoppers made of burnt re clay. l

The Whole plant is reinforced in the-lon-v IDBIIS O gitudinal as well as in the transverse direc-I tion by means of rods y, provided with stretching straps The manner of operation of the plant is' as follows:

- 'The lids d of the retorts b being removed,

the retorts are charged from` above with charcoal in\ a comminuted state. After that, the lids are hermetically closed 'and grate i, all the slides` a fire is started on the and steam vaives bei-n closed. The fuelgases flow in the manner previously set forth through the furnace, and, after hav'- ing heated the retorts from -wlthout, pass heater space n, to the flue o of the chimney.

As soon as theretorts have been heated up to a red heat, (a fact which may be determined by peeping through the openings fw) siiperheated steam is admitted into theretorts by opening the valves 7"'. The steam acts chemically on the charcoal and liberates combustible gases which pass through the openings and the holes inthe slide plates g into the conduits 1' underneath the retorts thence to be drawn into the furnace through the conduitsr, 7" and s, s', wherejthey are finally burne As soon as the front end of the oven has become white hot, the amount of steam supplied to the retorts is-increased and, at the -same time, the {ire-door it and the door j The subsequent heating of the in the presence of air admitted through the l openings fv, Ic and Z. The waste gases serve to heat the furnace and the retorts; so that,

speaking in a 'certain manner, the entire operation is carried through in a cycle.

As soon as a portion of the decolorizing I charcoal 1s ready, a certain quantity thereof is discharged into suitable vessels arranged inv the conduits @by opening the perforated slides g which are provided with operating-rods g; after which: the charcoal thuswithdrawn is conveyed through the openings r2.

At this stage the charcoalpossesses to a certain extent, rthough not yet fully, the particular properties desired. 'In order to still further improve tlfelcharcoal, it is convveyed through the side openings g2, which are adapted to be closed, to the rear portion of the furnace xg, which is heated to a white heat. The admission of air from the atmos here into the furnace is entirely ex'- clu ed for a time, by closing the slide k and the door lv.

iio

It will thus become obvious that the partially prepared-decolorizing charcoal is con- Y tained exclusively within'the furnace in an atmosphere of hot combustible gases mounting fromA the retorts,"and that the charcoal is heated lin the furnace until it becomes ,white hot.4 The charcoal has now been thoroughly treated and may be removed frzom the furnace. The charcoal withdrawn from the retorts is replaced by untreated charcoal which is charged into the retorts from above, as hereinbefore described.

What I claim is: f

The herein-described process ofproducing...

decolorizing `charcoal, which consists in vexteriorly'heating the retorts containing the charcoal to a red heat by means of a furnace; thereafter admitting superheated steam to the heated charcoal in the retorts, to liberate combustible gases by the chemical action of the steam on the charcoal; leading said combustible gases from the lower portion of' the retorts to the furnace for Y ultimate consumption therein, so as to thereafter heat said retorts solely by said gases;

discharging a portion of the partially-prepared charcoal from the retorts into the furnace; and finally completing calcin-ation of the charcoal in said furnace While totally excluding air.

. l5 Signed by me at Vienna, Austria, this 24th day of October, 1916. v t

- RAPHAEL VON osTREJKo.

Witnesses ARTHUR LINDENSTEAD, AUGUST FUGGER.

Images