US1359660A - Spanner or wrench - Google Patents

Description

A. W. BLAIR.

SPANNER 0R WRENCH.

APPLICATION HLED nc.a. 1919.

1,359,660. Patefited Nov. 23, 1920;

unirsn STATES rarest orlucs.

ARCI-IIBALD WILLIAM BLAIR, 0F WELLINGTON,'NEW ZEALANJI SPANNER OR WRENCH.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented N 0v. 23, 1920.

Application filed December 3, 1919. Serial No. 342,210.

and I do hereby declare the following to i be a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

This invention relates to shifting or ad justable spanners or wrenches and it has been devised with the object of providing a construction by means of which the spanner is made automatically adjustable to any of the sizes within its range and by which also a ratchet action is obtainable in the use of the spanner, that is, to say, the spanner will slip idly aroundthe nut when moved backward from its work and will look therewith when moved up to its work.

The invention consists broadly in the construction of the spanner with a head pivotally attached to a handle so that they may move in relation to one another in the plane of the head, and with such head formed with a fixed block shaped to engage either one or two sides of a nut and having a pair of jaws mounted therein, one on each side of such fined block and which jaws are so shaped as to ex end outward on each side of the block and so mounted and controlled that the turning movement of the handle relatively to the head in one direction will move such jaws out from the block while the reverse movement will move them in to engage the said block. These jaws are adapted to engage the two opposite sides of the nut respectively adjacent to the side or sides engaged by the fixed block, and thus to hold the nut between them.

A spring controls the moving parts of the spanner so as to turn the handle 1H a plane approximately straight with the head and to draw the jaws inward against the block so as to form the minimum size. The jaws open against the action of this spring and thereby allow of the spanner being forced sidewise onto a nut and for the jaws accommodating themselves to close in. onto such. nut and the faces thereof.

The invention will however, be more fully described in relation to the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of the spanner.

F 1g. 2 is a side elevation thereof with one, of the cover plates of the head removed.

Fig. 8 is a back edge elevation thereof, and

Fig. 4 a detail view showing the relative arrangement of the two aws.

In the construction shown, a spanner specially adaptable for use upon hexagonal nuts is shown, but such spanner is however capable of use upon square nutsof a size within its range, although if desired, the principle of construction embodied may he read- 11y adapted to renderthe spanner specially applicable for use on square nuts. In this description of the invention therefore, the construction applicable to hexagonal nuts is particularly set out. i

According hereto, the spanner handle A is pivoted at a. between a pair ofcover plates B forming the head and secured together with suitably positioned distance blocks B between them, by approved means such as the screw pins 6. T he handle and head are thus capable of swinging in relation to one another in a plane corresponding to the movements of the spanner, but a helical spring C interposed between a bell crank lever extension D of the handle and the bot tom of one of the blocks B serves to keep the two in a normal condition such that they turn outward from one another to assume approximately a continuous plane.

' E is a block fixed between the cover plates B at the top of the head. The upper edge of this block is shaped. as shown in Fig. 2, to form two faces inclining inward from both side edges at such an angle as to form an angle of 120 where they join. and thus adapt the block to fit onto one corner of a hexagonal nut and for its faces to engage the faces of the nut adjacent to such corner. The cover plates?) also have their upper ed ges shaped to coincide wi h the block. .The block sides are made parallel for a distance and then converge inward to the center line so as to form faces on the underside extending outward and upward an angle of to one another. T he blocks B are arranged one on each side of the central block E and each one of these is formed with an angular inner face extending upward and outward in a lineparallel with the undersurface of the block E on the corresponding side. An angular space is thus formed between the central bloc: and the block B on each side and inclosed between the cover plates B, and this space forms a guide to receive one of the jaws of the implement.

These jaws F and G are made t'o-fit neatly in between the cover plates Band each is shaped so that its inner portion lies within one of the spaces between the central block E and the. block B on one side, while its outer end projects upward'at an angle each other and projecting outward from the when the jaws .F and opposite sides of. the block Each face there "ore forms with the adjacent angular face of the hlocktop, an angle of120so that the two jaws will lie neatly against the respective faces of the nut engaged by the block [The arrangement of the-guides formed by the block E and the. blocks B at a diverging angle of 60- thus provides that are moved along such guide, the outer portions or ends of the jaws will maintainthe same relative l l f tl b 1*F dt ang es to the aces 01 e loci J ant 0 one another, while they wlll be moved farther apart,thus.adapt1ng thenito fit on diflerent slzestof nuts. Their nward move- (ment isrestricted by their engagement'with the side faces of the block E as shown in the draw1ng,and in this position the spanner. 1s at its minimum size. The maximum size is governedby the length of the jaws .connected to the bell crank lever extension D of the-handle byaneansofxthe two links one-oi which is pivoted to one of the jaws and the other .to the other jaw, while both have their lower ends pivoted in the end of the extension D. Consequently the turnir movement of the handle on its y.pivot a will, as it is turned in againstthe spring C, forcethe jaws upward rand out ward, whlle the outward turning. thereof will draw the aws downward and inward.

The handle in its normalstate :is adjusted to draw the jaws hack to the-minimum position tain a fresh grip and the action of the spring on the release of the handle causes the jaws to'close in onto the nut faces ready for a further working strain, Inthis way the spanner isratchet acting.

The end of the jaw G when pressed onto a nut sidewise will open out both jaws against the action of the spring so that the spanner will automatically adjust itself to the required size.

The construction ofthe jaws in this manner will allow for either hexagonal or square nuts being gripped within them and upon the top of the block E, in the case of a hexagonal nut, the nut thus being en gaged on four of its faces, and in the case of a square nut, on three of its faces. If desired, the outer end'of one jaw may be formed with the inward extension Gr having its inside face at an angle of 120 to the inside face of the jaw so vas to permit ofa hexagonal nut being engaged on five of its faces.

guides for the jaws will be at different angles to that used in the illustration.

The implement may also be adapted for use as a pipe wrench by forming the jaws with gripping teeth on their inner faces.

I claim 1. Inspanners or wrenches a head and handle pivotally connected to turn one upon the other in the plane of thehead. such head being formed with a centrallyfixed block' and having a pair of jaws mounted therein, 7

one on each sidevjof said block and each shaped to project outwardly beyond the outer face of the block, connections between the handle and the jaws-whereby: the relative movementof the handleto the head, in

one direction,-will move the jaws away from the respectivesides of the fined bloc lnand the movement of the handle in the other dimotion, will draw the aws in to the-block, and a spring normally. turning thehandle in the latter direction, substantially for the purposes specified. 7

2. In spanners or wrenches, a head formed with afixedcentralblock, guidesfermed one i on each side of such block and diverging outwardly from one another, a pair of jaws fitted one in each of said guides and shaped so that their outer ends project outwardly beyond the outer face of the fixed block, a handle pivoted to the head so as to be capable of turning in the plane of the head, connections between the handle and the said jaws whereby the turning movement in one direction will force the jaws outward in their respective guides and movement in the reverse direction will draw them inward therein and a spring normally turning the handle in the latterdirection, substantially for the purposes specified.

3. In spanners or wrenches, a head. formed with a fixed central block, guides formed one on each side of said block and diverging outwardly from one another, a pair of jaws fitted one in each of said guides and shaped so that their outer ends project outward beyond the outer face of the fixed block, a

handle pivoted to the head so as to be capable of turning in the plane of the head, a bell crank lever extension upon such handle, links extending between the end of such extension and the respective jaws, and a compression spring bearing betwen the head and said are tension and normally pressing the handle piutward on its pivot, substantially as specied.

4. In spanners or wrenches, the combination with a head comprising a fixed central block and a pair of jaws mounted in said block one on each side thereof and projecting out beyond its surface, of a handle pivoted in the head to turn in the plane of the head. and connections between the jaws and said handle whereby turning movement in one direction moves the jaws outwardly from the block and turning movement in the other direction draws them downward and inward on to the block, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARCHIBALD WILLIAM BLAIR.

Witnesses:

G. G. Greens WATSON, G. O. COOPER.

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