US1353910A - Telephone system - Google Patents

Description

L. H. JO HNSON. TELEPHONE SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JU LY 25.1914.

Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS H. JOHNSON, OF BLOOMFIELD, NEW

ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- or NEW YORK.

1 ,s 5s,91o.

To all whom it meg concern.

7 in it known that l, Lnwrs H. JoHNsoN, a citizen of the United States, resioing at Bloomfield, in the county of Essex and State of New Jerse have invented certain new and useiullmprovements in Telephone Systems, or" which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to telephone systems of the central energy multiple type.

The object oi this invention is to provide a telephone system in which a calling subscribenonce eing answered by the central ollice operator, may regain control of his line signal at any time before the called subscriber answers. A further object of this invention'is to provide a telephone system in which two connected subscribers, after completing'a conversation, may regain control of their line signals by restoring their receivers to the switcl'ihoolrs. A further object of this invention is to provide a telephone system in which there is absolute secret service.

In accordance with the various features of this invention, generally speaking, there are provided subscribers lines terminating at the central office, link conductors thereat for interconnecting the subscribers lines, line signals for the subscribers lines, cut-oil relays tor the line signals, means associated with the link conductors and con trolled by the subscribers in the operation of their switchhoolrs for releasing the cutoil relays, so that subsequent operation of the switchhooks will cause the operation of the line signals. There is also provided means for altering the electrical condition of the switching terminals of a line and means responsive to the original electrical condition of the switching terminals for sociating an operators telephone set with a line, but irresponsive to the altered electri cal condition of the switching terminals, thereby preventing the association of the operators telephone set with a line already in use.

This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which apparatus is shown in its normal and unaetuated condition. i

There is shown in the drawing a. telephone system containing one embodiment of this Specification of Letters Patent.

TELEPHONE SYSTEM.

Patented Sept. 28, 1920.

Application filed July 25, 1914. Serial No. 853,139.

invention and comprising subscribers stations, A and B, terminating in a plurality ofjaclrs at the central oilice and a cord circuit C located thereat for interconnecting the subscribers stations. It is believed that this invention will be fully understood from a description of the operation of the system shown in the drawing and it will be so described.

Supposing subscriber A wishes to converse with subscriber B, A removes his receiver from the switchhook, thereby completing a rircuit from the live pole of bat tery 5, through a winding of line relay 6, normally closed contact '5 of cut-oil relay 8, line wires 9 and 10, normally closed contact 11 of cut oli relay 8 and the other winding of line relay 6 to the other side of battery 5. Current in this path artuates the line relay 6, completing a circuit for the line signal 12. The operator, observing the line signal 12. inserts her answering plug in the jack indicated, thereby completing a circuit from the live pole of battery 13, through windings 14 and 15 01"? doublewound relay l6, sleeve contact 18 of the ansv-rering plug, sleeve contact 19 of the an swering jack and the winding of cut-oil relay 8, to ground. Current in this path artuates double-wound relay 16 which attra-:.ts its armatures, closing contacts 25 and 26. Closure of contact completes ciruit from-the live pole of battery27, norlly closed contact 28 or" relay 29, normally closed contact 30 of relay 31, contact and winding 15 of double-wound relay l6, sleeve contort l8 oi the plug, sleeve contact '19 of the jack and the winding of cutof? relay, to ground. This circuit just traced (to the winding "forms a short-circuit of the winding 1% of the double-wound rclay lo, permit ing the actuation of cut-oil j relay 8, which severe the circuit of the line 48- of relay l2, to ground.

set across the talking stra-ndsl36 and through normally closed contact 41 oi relay 42, a'winding of relay 4.3, talking strand 36 and tip contact -14 of the plug, tip contact 45 of the answering jack, line wires 10 and 9, ring contact 46' of the answering jack, ring contact li of the plug, talking strand 37 of the cordcircuit, the other winding of relay 43 and normally'closed contact Cu "rent in .this pathactuates'relay as, opening thenorrnally closed contact 74.9 and closing. the normally open contact 50, therebypreventing the operatiouof supervisory signal 51. When contact 50 of the relay is closed, a circuit is established from the me pole of battery 13, through contact oi the double-wound relay 16, contact of. relay and the winding of relay 29, to ground. Current in thispath actuates relay 29, which opens con- 7 tact 28 and closes contacts 52 and'53. Closureoi contact 53 establishes a cirmiit for relay-31 from the live pole of battery 13, through contact 26 of relay i6, thewinding of relay 31, contact 53 of relay 29 and .con tact 35 of relay 31, to ground. Current in this path actuates relay 31, which opens contact 35 and closes contact 54, thereby establishing a locking circuit for itself. The closure of contact 52, when relay 29 is actuated, prevents the removal of the short-circuit of winding 1.4 f the doublewound relay 16.

,The. operator now asks the desired number of the calling subscriber. Finding the desiredv number to be that of the subscriber B,'the operator touches the tip of the calling plug to the sleeve of the jack corresponds ing'to Bs line to determine the idle or busy condition thereof. If the line tests idle, the

calling plug is inserted in the jack, completing a circuit from the'live pole of batter" 60, through windings 61 and 62 of doublewound relay 63, the winding sleeve contact 64 of the calling plug, sleeve contact 59 of the jack and the winding of cut-0E relay 58, to ground. Current in this path actuates double-wound relay 63, which establishes a circuit from the live pole of battcry'65, contact 66 of relay 63, contact 67 of relay 68 and supervisory signal 69, to

ground, actuating the supervisory signal.

The-i actuation of relay also completes circuit from the live pole of battery 7 0, through contact and winding 62 of relay 63, the winding of relay33, sleeve contact 64 of the cord plug, the sleeve contact 59 of the jack and the cutoifrelay 58, to ground. This circuit the winding62) short circuits windinghl of re lay 63, and in so doing, permits the operaof relay 33,-

b of relay 7 8,contact 95 of relay 41 oi relay 72, contact 73' tion of the relay 33 and the cutofl' relay 58.

The actuation of the'cut-oii relay 58 prevents the operation of line signal associated with Bls line when the receiver .isremoved from the switchhook. When relay '33 was actuated, contact 74 thereof was closed. 'The operator now depresses any one of the plungers 75 ofthe ringing key 76 to send ringing current out on Bs line and in so doing, closes the wayd0wn contacti'?- of the. ringing key 76 whichco'mpietes' a circuit from the live pole of battery 13, through contact 26 ofrelay 16, contact'k of relay 33, winding'of relay 78 and way-down contact '77, to ground. Current in this path actuates relay 78 which, inattracting its armatures, completes a locking circuit for itself through contact 79 thereof, and contact 80 01 marginal relay 85. Relay 78 in operating, also closes contacts 86' and '87 thereof, completing a circuit from the source of ringing current connected to the ringing key 76, through the winding of marginal relay 85, contact 860i relay 78, ring contact 88 or" contact 84L of the jack, line wire 83, bell 82, condenser 81, line wire 98, tip contact 99 of the jack, tip contact 89 of plug and contact 87 of relays'78, to ground. Ringing current in this path operates the bell 82 atstation B, but since relay 85 is marginal,

it will not operate when in series with the bell 82 and the condenser 81 at station B, but will operate when the bell and condenser are shunted by a low-resistance path. Subscriber B, upon removing his receiver from the switchhook, closes a path of .ow resistance for the ringing current, thereby permitting a greater flow of current contact 990E relay 78,'ring contact 88 of the plug, wires 83 and 98, ack, tip contact the ring contact, 8% oi the jack, line the tip contact 99 of the 89 of the plug, contact 91 I 34, the other winding of relay 68, and contact 96 of relay 72, to ground. Current in this path actuates relay 68, which opens the circuit of the supervisory signal and closes contact 97.

In a number of instances it happens that the calling-subscriber, after communicating to the central office operator the number the plug, ring of the line desired, fails to get connection withth line desired. In some of these cases the operator may have failed to ring the line "wanted, orhaving rung the line. the called party does not answer. In any event, it is desirable that the calling subscriber be able to attract the attention of the operator and obtain connection with the operators telephone set, whereupon the subscriber may call for another line, if he so desires. In the 0Y1 l ary telephone systems now in use, in

to so attract the attention oi the operator, the subscriber must operate his switchhool; repeatedly to flash the superrisory During the busy periods when operator is handling a large number of calls, her attention is directed principally to tie line signals, so that there are times when the supervisory signals may be flashing for a considerable length of time before the operator notices them. Now in acance with this invention, when the calling subscriber desires, at any time before the called subscriber answers, to attract the attention oi the operator, he merely operates his switchhooh once and releases it. This results in the operation of the line signal, which immediately attracts the attention of t 1e operator. Suppose that subscriber A, after communicating to the central office operator the number desired and the operator has or has not inserted the calling plug within the oi the called line, subscriber El may regain control of his line lamp, assuming that the called subscriber has not answered. The restoration of the receiver the switchhook by subscriber i'opens the circuit relay 18 which, in releasing, opens contact thereof and closes contact 19, completing a circuit for supervisory or disconnect signal The opening of contact :30 opens the circuit of relay V29 whivh, in 1 opens-contact 52 and'closes con- 28. The opening or contact 52 opens s ort-circuit of winding ll of the dou at and relay 16. W'indingl is thereuoon inc ,ded with winding 15 in theycircuit through the cut-oil relay 8. The out n on relay 8 is marginal and will not be actul ings i and 15 of relay 16 are included suit therewith, but wi 1 be actuated vlien included in series with winding 15 only; Therefore, the removing oi the shortit of the winding 14 of relay 16'perinits the cutoff relay 8 to release, closing its contacts and 11. [The closing of contact,

28, before referred to, completes a circuit from the live pole of battery 27, through contact 28 oi relay 29, contact 92 of relay 3i, wind'ug of relays 42 and 72, to ground. i this path actuates relays 42 and i, in zing their armatures,-rebattery from the talking strands of the ci unit. it will now be seen that the or v" not remain actuated, when'both' removal oi the receiver from the switchhook by A causes the operation of line relay 6 and the operation or the line signal 12.

On the other hand, if subscriber B has answered, subscriber A cannot regain control line signal 12 until subscriber 13 restores his receiver to the switchhook. When answers, contact 97 0'1 relay ()8 ill be closed, thereby establishing a second lit for relay 29. The first circuit for 7 29 is controlled by subscriber A and y be traced -lrom the livepole of battery I through contact 26 of relay 16, contact so of relay l3, and the winding of relay 29, t1: ground. The second circuit for relay 29 is controlled by subscriber B and may be tra l-ed from the live pole of battery 65,

through cortact 66 of relay 63, contact 97 68, and winding of relay 29, to ground; The restoration of the receiver to the switchhool: by opens the circuit of re- 68 which, in releasing, opens contact 97 and closes contact 67, completing a circuit T01 the supervisory ordisconnect signal 69. iie opening contact 97 opens the second circuit of relay 29, but the relay 29 will renain actuated, for the first circuit thereof s still closed. However, when subscriber A est-ores his receiver to the switchhook, the irst circuit will be opened and relay 29 will release. Subscriber A then regains control of line signal 12 in the manner hereinbefore described. Ina similar manner subscriber B regains control of his line signal; that is when relay T2 of 29, contact 71 is opened, removing the short circuit oii'winding 61 of the doubly wound relay Both relays 33 and 58 are e contacts controlled thereby. The release relay 33 closes contact 32 in the circuit relay 3 1-, but since relay 31 is actuated and relay 29 is relee= ed, relay 34- is prevented from l eing actuated, hence the operators ephone set cannot be connected to the ing strands of the cord :.ircuit. when the operator withdraws the plugs of the cord circuit troni-the'jacks, all apparatus is r urned to its normal position.

i telephone system shown in the drawembodies as a feature of this invention s for preventing the operator from igiil on an line except when answerteleuhone is automatically associated with talking strands of the cord circuit, and

tile

can be associated therewith in no other way.

is actuated upon the release 2.5 inserted Suppose that; connection is establishedbetween subscribers stations A and B through the cord circuit C, and an operator attempts 50. 7 double-wound relay associated with each by the current and windlng .14 of relay 16 and ,wind- -15 second cord willbeiprevented from of relay. 3,4,.

' winding to release said cut-off relay,

to connect another cord circuit (like that SilQWIl'lIl the drawings): .orxline B, the operators telephone set in the with either line A second mentioned cordcircuit will not be associated with the talking strands of this cordcircuit. fWhen the first cord circuit is connected with a jack-corresponding to each of the lines A and 'B, the sleeves of the jacks will be raised to a definite potential from batteries 27 and 70,

second cord be inserted in any one of the multipie'jacks ofline A,the relay 16 of the operating,.due tothe factthat relay l6'ofthe first or connected cord circuit is already: operated I andthe. winding 14 thereof is short-circuited,

forming a short circuit of the relay l6 inthe second cord circuit. Likewise should the an- 7 sweringfplug of thesecond cord circuit be in any. of the multiple jacks of line B, relay 16 ofthe second cord circuit will be prevented from ,0perating,1due to the fact that relay:63 of the first or connected cord circuit is ahead (ilthereof is short-circuited, formingashort circuitofthe relay 16 in the second cord circhit; Sincerelay 16 controls the operation the associationof the operators telephone set withthe talking strands of the second cordcircuit is prevented. It will also be noted thatin the system hereinbefore described, it is impossible to ring on a busy line, for since relay 63 does not operate, the opera.- ti'onof relayv 33" is prevented.

While in this description a plurality of batteries has been referred to, it istobe understood that a common battery may be sub stituted for all of these, and such" isthe usual practice; i W r What is claimed is- 1., A telephone system comprising subscribers lines terminating at a central oflioe, link" 7 conductors. thereat said lines, line signals for. said lines, a

end of said link conductors, one of said wind-v ings being normally short-circuited when;

said-link conductors are connected with said l nes, a cutoff relayfor the line slgnal energized over a circuit including the non-short;

circuited winding of said double-wound relay, and means controlled by the operation of a subscribers switch-hook for removing the short' circuit from said short-circuited whereby the subscribers may regain control of said line signals.

21A telephone system comprising subing oflof relayfl63' will be short-circuited Now suppose that the answering plug of a y. operated and the winding.

for interconnecting scriberslines terminating at a central office, line signalsther'eat for said lines, link conductors at said ofiice for interconnecting said 'lines, a relay associated with theanswering end of said link conductors, said relay having plurality of windings, one of which is normally short-circuited when said link conductors are associated with a calling line, a cut-off relay for the line signal of the call- 7 ing lineenergized over a circuit includinga nonshort-circuited winding of saidfirst memtioned relay, and electromagnetic means controlled bythe calling subscriber in the operationof his switchhook tor removing the short circuit ofthe short-circuited winding of said first mentioned relay for releasing said cut-off relay, whereby said calling subscriber .may regain control of his line signal at any time before a. calledsubscriber answers. r r 1 3. A' -telephone system comprising'a telephone line terminating at a central ofiice, a line signal for the line,'a link circuit, a cut fi relayassociated with the line for controlling the line signal and actuated upon connection of the link circuit with the line, a supervisory relay in the link circuit deenergizcd upon the opening of the telephone line, a resistance coil, and a relay responsive to the deenergization of the supervisory relay for including the resistance coil in circuit with the cut-oft relay to cause the release thereof. y

4C. .A telephone system comprising a telephoneline terminating at a central otfice, a line signal for the line, alink circuit connected; with theline, a double-wound relay in the link circuit having onewinding normally short-circuited when the link circuit is connected with the line, a cutoff relay for the line signal energized over a circuit including the non-short-circuited winding of the double-wound relay and means controlled overthe lineforremoving the short circuit from the normally short-circuited winding to release the cutoff relay thereby to restore the line signal to the'control of theline. 1,

5 A telephone system comprising a telephoneline terminating ata central office, a line signal forthe line, a link circuit connectedwith the line, a cutoff relay associated with the line, adouble-wound relay in the link circuit having one winding normally short-circuited when the link circuit'is connectedwith the line, a cutoff relay for the line signal energized'over a circuit includ- 7 ing the non-short-circuited winding of the double-wound relay, *a relay in the link circuit controlled over the telephone line and means rendered effective by the response of the line-controlled relay uponthe opening of the line to remove the short circuit from the short-circuited winding to release the cutoff relay thereby to restore the line signal to the control of the line.

6. A telephone system comprising telephone lines, terminating at a central office, link circuits for interconnecting the lines, line signals for the lines, a double-wound relay in each end of the link circuit, each relay having one winding normally short circuited when the-link circuit is connected with the lines, a cutoff relay for each line signal energized over a circuit including the nonshort-circuited winding of the associated double-wound relay, a relay in each end of the link circuit controlled over the respective telephone lines and ineans'rendered effective by the response of the line-controlled relays upon the opening of the telephone lines for removing the short circuits from the shortcircuited windings to release the cutoff relays thereby to restore the line signals to the control of the lines.

7 Atelephone system comprising a telephoneline terminating at a central office, a linesignal for the line, a link circuit connected with the line, a pair of relay windings in the link circuit, one of which is normally short circuited when the link circuit is connected with the line, a cutofi relay for the line signal'energized over'a circuit including a non-short-circuited winding of the pair of relay windings, a supervisory relay in the link circuitideenergized upon the opening of the telephone line, a relay responsive to the deenergization of the supervisory relay for opening the short circuit of the relay winding thereby to include this winding in circuit with the cutoff relay whereby the cutoff relay is released to restore the line Sig-- nal to the control of the telephone line, a supervisory signal and an operating circuit therefor including a contact of the supervisory relay and a contact controlled by one of the pair of relay windings. V 18. A telephone system comprising a telephone line terminating at a central office, a line signal for the line, a link'circuit, a cutoff relay for the line energized upon connection of the link'circuit therewith for controlling the line signal, a supervisory relay in the link circuit responsive to the opening of the telephone line, a relay winding included in circuit with the cutoff relay by the response of the supervisory relay to cause the release of the cutoff relay, a supervisory signal and an operating circuit therefor including a contact of the supervisory relay and a contact controlled by the relay having said winding.

9. In a telephone system comprisingsubscribers lines having switching terminals, link circuitshaving cooperating switching terminals, line signals for the lines, cutoff relays for the line signals, a local circuit for each end of the link circuit including a cooperating pair of switching terminals, one of the cutoff relays and a source of current and means controlled by either of the sub scribers for decreasing the flow of current in the local circuits to a predetermined positive value thereby to release the cutoff re lays.

10. A telephone system comprising subscribers lines having switching terminals, link circuits having cooperating switching terminals, line signals for the lines, cutoff relays for the line signals, a local circuit for each end of the link circuit including a 00- operating pair of switching terminals, one of the cutoff relays and a source of current, a relay in each end of the link circuit controlled over the respective connected lines and circuit connections rendered effective by the line-controlled relays in response to the opening of the connected telephone lines for decreasing the flow of current in the local circuits to a predetermined positive value thereby to release the cutoff relays.

11. A telephone system comprising telephone lines terminating at a central office, a link circuit including talking conductors for interconnecting the lines, a source of current normally connected with the talking conductors for supplying talking current to one of the lines, a relay in, the link circuit connected between the source of current and the talking conductors and controlled over a connected line and circuit connections rendered effective by the line-controlled relay in response to the opening of one of. the telephone lines for disconnecting the source of current from the talking conductors thereby removing the line-controlled relay from control of the line.

12. A telephone system comprising telephone lines terminating at a central oflice, a link circuit including talking conductors for interconnecting the lines, source of current normally connected with the talking conductors "for supplying talking current to one of the lines, a relay in the link circuit connected between the source of current and the talking conductors and controlled over a connected line, a relay energized upon the deenergization of the line-controlled relay in response to the opening of the telephone line for disconnecting the source of current from the talking conductors thereby removing'the line-controlled relay from control of the line'a-n'd a locking circuit for the lastinentioned relay completed thereby.

13. A telephone system comprising calling and called lines, a line signal for the calling line, a link circuit for connecting the lines, a cutoff relay for the calling line for controlling the line signal thereof and actuated upon connection of the link circuit therewith, a resistance coil, a source of ringlink circuit adapted when energized to 0011 nect the sourceoi' r ng ng current-with the i'ng current, means for collnectin the source of ringing current with the called line and thereof and for causing the disconnection of the source of ringing current from the called line.

14.. A. telephone system comprising a calling telephone line, a line signal therefor, a cutoff relay for the calling line energized 7 upon connection of the link circuit therewith for controlling the line signal, a second'telephone line, a source of ringing current, means for connecting the source of ringing current with the second line, a supervisory relay'in the link circuit responsive to the opening of the calling line, a relay winding included in circuit with the cutoff relay by the response of the supervisory relay to release the cutoff relay, means rendered effective by the response of the supervisory relay for' causing the disconnection oi the source of ringing current from the second line and'a supervisorysignal controlled by the supervisory relay and the relay'having said winding;

15, In a telephone system comprising'a calling telephone line, a link circuit including talking conductorsconnectedwith the calling line, a source of current normally connected with the talking conductors for: supplying tall'ring current to the calling line, a relay in the l nk circuit connected be tween the source of current and the talking conductors and controlled over thecalling line, a second line, means for connecting a source of ringing current therewith and circuit connections rendered eliective by the line-controlled relay in responseto the opening or the calling line for disconnecting the v source of current from the talking conductors thereby removing the line-controlled relay from control of the calling line and for causing the disconnection of the ringing current from the second line.

ingand called telephone lines, a link cir cuit connected withthe calling line, a source of ringing current,;' a ringing relay in the calledline, a control relayenergized upon connection of the link circuit with the called line for'controlling the energization of the line-controlled relay upon the opening of the calling line for decreasing the flow of current in the energizing circuit of the control relay to a predetermined positive value whereby the control relay is released to cause the disconnection of ringing current V 5 I from the called line.

circuit adapted when energized to connect a source of ringing current with the called line, a control relay energized upon connection of the link circuit with the called line for controlling the energization of the ringing relay, a relay in the link circuit controlled over the connected calling line, a local relayi'responsive to the deener 'ization of theline-controlled relay upon the opening of the calling telephone line and a resistance coil included in circuit with the control relay upon the response ofcthe local relay for releasing the control relay whereby ringing current is' 'disconnected from the called line.

18: A telephone system comprising calling and called telephone lines terminating at a central ofiice, a link circuit 'forconnecting the lines, .an operators telephone set, a listening relay in' the link circuit responsive to the connection of'the-linkcircuit with the calling line; to connect-the operators telephoneset therewith, asource of cringingpcur'rent, a ringing relay for con i ecting thesource ofring'ing' current to the called line, an energizing; circuit for the ring ngrelay, a relay controllinga contact in the energizing circuit of the ringing relay and also controlling the deenergization ofthe listening relay energized in response to the co'nnectionof. thelink circuit with the called line and-Inea'nsin thelink circuit controlled over thecalling telephone lineand rendered efliectivebythefopening of said calling telephone line to cause the disconnectioncofringing current from the called line.

19. In a'telephoneex'change system, subscribers lines terminating at a central ofice, a plurality of terminals, a plurality of link circuits for interconnecting the lines, an operators telephone set adapted :tor'connec- 'tion with each linkcircuit', a relay asso- '16. A telephone system comprising callciated witl'i ea'ch link circuit operating upon connect on thereof with a call ng telephone line to control the inclusion of the operators tel'ephonesetincircuit, means controlled by each relay and rendered effective by the operation thereofjto' prevent the. operation of the relay of another-link circuit when connected' with the same line, azs'ource of ringing current, i a ringing; relay for connecting the source of ringing current with a called line, an energizing circuit therefor,-'a local circuit relay energized upon the connection of the first link circuit with a called line to causethej release o f'the operators telephone set controlling relay and: to close a contact in the energizing circuitof the ringing relay, a relay iii'the first linkcircuit controlled over the connected calling line and ci'rcuit connections rendered effective by the linecontrolled relay in response to the opening of the calling telephone line to cause the release of the local-circuit relay whereby ringing current is disconnected from the called line."

20. In combination With a calling telephone line, a plurality of connecting terininals for the line located at operators positions of a central ofiice switchboard, a line signal for the line, a cutoff relay controlling the line signal, operators link circuits having associated operators telephones and including means effective when one of the link circuits and associatgd operators telephone is connected to one o the terminals whereby a second link circuit and operators telephone is barred from operative connection with another of the terminals, a relay in the engaged link circuit controlled over the telephone line, a called telephone line, a source of rin 'ing current, means for connecting the source of ringing current with the called line when the engaged link circuit is connected therewith and circuit connections rendered effective by the line-controlled relay in response to the opening of the calling telephone line for causing the release of the cutoff relay and the disconnection of ringing current from the called line.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 23rd day of July, A. D. 191%,

LEWIS H. JOHNSON.

Witnesses:

JAi/rns \V. FARRELL, WALTER F. HOFFMAN.

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