US1351324A - Steam-boiler - Google Patents

Description

J. P. BADENHAUSEN.

STEAM BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 19, 1917.

1,351,324, Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

JOHN P. IBADENHAUSEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

' STEAMV-BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug. 31, 1920.

Application filed May 19, 1917. Serial No. 169,609. g a

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN P. BADEN HAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvement-s in Steam-Boilers, ofwhich the following is a specification. A

This inventlon relates, to feed-water heat- 6T5 for steam boilers, having especial reference to means for pro-heating the feedwater by heat extracted from the hot gases after they leave the boiler proper.

Heretofore so-called economizers, includ-i ing a multiplicity of cast iron tubes connected with the boiler and with a sourceof watersupply, have been located 1n the path of the escaping furnace gases, and a pump, or other means, has been employed to force the feed- Water to the boiler by way of the tubes in.

order to preheat the water; but such economixers are, among other objections, cumbersome and complicated in design; access thereinto and to the interior of the tubes, for cleaning, can only be eflected by the removal of plugs, caps and other parts, and, moreover, a pressure exceeding the sum of the boiler pressure and the additional pressure: necessary to overcome the'frlctlon of the economizer, must vbe produced and maintained in order to lnsurev the passage of the Water through the apparatus.

Attempts have been made to provide a socalled economizer section forming a part of the boiler itself, but thesehave failed inpractice becauselin each instance 'a wat er-,

hammer, which endangered the safety of the wholeapparatus, was produced. .a v

, The object of my inventionis the provie 1 sion of afeed water preheater which is'of such construction and is so combined with a steamboiler that, among other important advantages, the maximum amount of heat 1s extracted fromthe hot furnace gases and transmitted to the boiler water without the employment, of an eoonomizerlpthat ade-.. quate and effective purification of the feed water before itsentry to-the boiler proper is 1 insured; that-ample facility for cleaningthe preheater is provided that temperature stresses in the boiler are eliminated that increased safety in the event ofla rupture of a boiler tube is insured; that water-hammer due to fluctuating water-level under change of load is eliminated, and that steady boiler pressure under varying loads is maiir tamed.

The inventioinbroadly considered, comprises a structure having therein communr cating water and steam spaces and being so arranged in relation to the boiler that the heat derived from the hot gases after they leave the boiler is imparted to the contained water in the structure preparatory to the delivery of the water to the boiler[ i The invention also comprises such a structure wherein a positive and continuous circulationof the containedwateris effected by the heat fromethe hotgases, and wherein the water after being heatedis caused to'flow into thelboiler bygravity. v

The invention also comprises a preheater embodying various novel features of, construction and arrangements of, parts, all of which will be hereinafter, described and claimed. 3 i c i Y a The drawing illustratesa longitudinal verticalsection of awater-tube ,typeof boiler equipped witha preheater embodying the '80 principle of my inventionyit being noted that my invent on is not limitedto use in connection with any'wparticulartype of" boiler nor to the specific structural features ofthe preheater illustrated, as will appear from the following description and the terms of the appended. claims, .r

;The boiler herein illustrated includes spaced-apart transverse drums 1, 2,73 and 4 connected by tube banks 7, 8, 9 and 10; th

drum 1 being lowermost and constituting a water and-vmud drum the drums 3 and 4 be-' ing uppermostand constituting 'steam-andwater drums, and the drum 2 being on a i i plane beneath the drum and constituting a water-drum. ,Suitablyarran'ged to deflect the gases to and'about. the respective banks of tubes the gases flow from the furnace 5 to the breeching,and thus'insure the efficient heating ofjthe, water and] its continuous Cir.- culatio n through the tubes anddrums, are

appropriate baffles 11, all as more fully described in my'pendingapplioation for patent filed MarchB, 191 6 underSerial No.

In pursuance of my] present invention the boiler setting 12 is provided with at rear;

fwardentcnsion between the boiler andthe damper-box or breeching inletel3, and within'this' extension the preheater for. the feedwater for the boiler is arrangedin such a ranged.transversely of the boiler setting,

and connected by vertical tubes 16, 17 having therebetween a balfle 18 which extends from the upper drum and terminates somewhat above the lower drum; a shelf baffle 19 also being arranged between the tubes 16 and the rear 'tube b'ank 9 of the boiler. The drums 14. 15 are preferably in the same horizontal planes as the adjacent drums 3, 1, respectively, of the boiler, the drums, 14, 3 being connected by lower water tubes 20 and by upper steam tubes 21, but there being no direct connection between the drums 15 and 1.

Drums 3 and 4 of the boiler, and drum 140 f the preheater are partly filled with water, the level of which is indicated. The spaces above the water-level are filled with steam when the apparatus is in operation.

The water may be supplied to the preheater in any suitable manner. I have illustrated for this purpose a feed-pipe 22 which enters the upper drum 14, but, if specific requirements demand, the feed-pipe may enter the lower drum 15. I have also indicated at 23 a water-supply pipe entering the boiler drum 3, which pipe 1 used principally for filling the boiler after cleansing, but it is not usually used during the regular operation of the boiler.

24 designates a blow-off valve pipe for the lower. drum 15 of the preheater, and 24 a similar pipe on the mud drum 1 of the boiler. l r 7 By the above described'construction it will be seen that when the boiler is in actual operation the hot gases, which ordinarily after reaching the upper rearward portion ofthe tube bank 9 would pass directly to the stack, are compelled by the baffles 19,18, andthe extension of the boiler setting, to traverse the circuitous path in-' dicated bythe arrows a, b, 0, (Z and e until the gases escape through the damper box and enter the breeching.

Thus the hot 1 gases sweeping 'rapidlyvover the exposed surfaces of the tubes and drums of the pre- -heater, quickly give up their heat which, 'in'turn, is transmitted to the'water. Since the gas in the region of the arrow (1 is much to the temperature of ebullition in the boiler. If there be more available heat in the gases than is necessary to bring all the water up to that temperature the'surplus heat will generate steam which will pass into the steam-space above the water in the drum 14; thence through tubes 2-1 to drum 3, and tubes 10 to drum 4, and finally reach the main boiler steam outlet 25.

The feed-water admitted through pipe 22 'being below the temperature of ebullition in the boiler, at once sinks in the tubes 17 at the left of the preheater, the circulation already established contributing to the action. The water level is maintained by a corresponding ascent of the heated water in the tubes 16 at the right, and thus the circulation is continued.

As evaporation proceeds in the boiler and the water diminishes in volume, the waterlevel in drums 3 and 4 will fall accordingly, in which case the heated water in drum i4 willflow by gravity through tubes 20 into drum 3, thence downward through tubes 9 and into the generalwater orbit of the main boiler, thus equalizing the water-level in drums 3, 4 and 14. This performance will continue so long as the main boiler is in operation and an adequate supply of feedwater is being admitted through the pipe 22. Since there is, no direct communication between the drums 15 and 1 as above mentioned, a relatively constant water level is maintained in the preheater, thus obviating liability of water-hammer therein.

Should thergases after passing he left hand upper portion of the tube bank 5) contain insufficient heat to raise all the feed water quickly to the temperature ebullition, (as might happen for short interval of time after the firing up of a cold boiler.) then the additional amount of heat needed for that purpose will be obtained by condensing some of the steam contained in the steam space in drum 14 of the preheater; the amount of amount drawn over from the mainboiler through tubes 21. Hence during this interval the action corresponds to that of a livesteain boiler and purifi n consequence the deposit of solids and the supnly of adequately heated water for the main boiler, arefully provided for.

The apparatus above described well ful fils the conditionsandrequirements of an efficient preheater for steam-boilers; it begreatly increasing tee boiler efficiency and decreasing the temperature of the waste steam thus condensed being replaced by an equ valent preheatertubes can, quickly, easily and ef-' tectively be removed by using artins tube cleaner in the usual manner, access to the tubes for that purpose being provided for by manholes (26) in the ends of the prelieater drums as shown. -Organic matter such as sewa e formin a scum on the 7 2D 7 h I water surface, can "be blown ofi through a surface-blow located in drum 14;. Thee terior of the preheater tubes can be kept clear of soot or dust by use of the steam lance, or soot blowers, in the usualmanner.

(4) Elimination of temperature stresses in the boiler, in that the entry of cold feedwater into the boiler is prevented, the water flowing from the preheater into the boiler being at the same temperature as the boiler water; v f v (5) Increased safety in case a boiler tube ruptures, in that if a tube should rupture in bank 7 the preheater could not discharge any water below thelevel of the tubes 23, and if a tube'oi the preheater should rupture there wouldbe no drainage of the water from the boiler by way of the latter rupture. In this connection it is to be noted that the opening of the boiler blow-oil valve does not drain the water from the preheater nor does the opening of the preheater blowoii valve drain the water from the boiler.

(6) Elimination of water-hammer due to fluctuating water-level under change of load, in that when the boiler is operating the strong upward circulation in bank 7 produces a suction which causes an equivalent downflow in bank 9 without pulling over the water from the preheater and effecting the level of the water in the latter.

(7) Maintenance of a steady boiler pressure under varying loads, in that the extra water (which may equal fifty per cent. or more of the volume of water in the boiler itself) connected to the boiler by the pre.

heater, serves as a heat reservoir or storage, which in case of fluctuating steam pressure due to sudden change in the demand for steam will either give up or absorb heat accordingly as thepressure drops or rises. 7

While I have herein shown and described,

as a preferred form of embodiment of invention, a preheater whereof the drums are parallel to the boiler drums, yet it is obvious that the preheater drums may be ar-f ranged at right angles to the boiler drums if desired, inwhich case thebaffie 20 maybe located withits plane at ri ght angles to that between the axes of the preheater drums. Moreover, by the use of additional baiiies-the niimber'of gaspasses cf the preheaterinay be increased; or, if special conditions so require, the b'afllingmay bejentire'ly omitted from the preh'eater. Ifdesired the drum 14: may be provided with a separate outlet to take off the steam generated in the preheater I instead of passing it'into the steam space of the boiler. Other structural changes ivitliinthe principle of my invention and the scope of the appended claims may be. made.

Iclaimp i 1.111 a steam generating system coniprising a boiler, a feed-water preheater comprising the, combination of .a water drum, a steam-and-water drum located above said water drum, tubes connecting said drums and bathing located among said tubes and extending vertically: downwardly from said steam-and-water drum to a short distance from said water drum whereby the hotgas is directed downwardly along one port on of said tubes and upwardlyalong another portion of said tubes soas to cause a continuous circulat on of the water 111 said preheater successively'through saidtube portions and j said drums]; v

- 2. Ina steam steam and-water vdru'mllocated above said water drum, tubes connecting said drums and bai'iling arranged to direct ithe hot downwardly along one portion of said tubes and ipwardly along another portion of said tubes so as to cause a continuous circulation of the water in said preheater successively generatingsystem co'mprising abo ler, a feedwater preheater compris ing; the combination of a water' drum, a

through said tube portions and said drums. i

3. In a'steam generating system comprising a boiler, a feed-water preheater comprising the combination cf awater drum, a steam-and-water drum. located above said water drum, tubes connecting said drums,

battling arranged to direct the hot-gas (1mm wardlyalongone portion of said tubes and upwardly along, another portion of said tubes so as to cause a continuous circulation of the water in said preheater, successively through said tube portions and said drums and means connected to said steam-andivatcr drum and said boiler for heated Water to said boiler. v

4:. In a steam generating system comprising a boiler, feed-water preheatercomprising the combination of a Water a drum, a steam and-water drum located above said water drum, tubes connecting said drums, baffling arranged to direct the hot gas downw'ardly along one portion of said tubes and upwardly along another portion of said supplying tubes so as to cause a continuous circulation of the Water in said preheater successively through said tube portions and said drums and means connected to saidsteeam-andwater drum and said boiler for supplying heated Water to said boiler, said means being connected to the boiler at a high point thereof whereby the preheater cannot be drained of Water by the rupture of the boiler nor the boiler drained of Water by the rupture of anyipart of the preheater. a In a steam generating system comprising a boiler, a feed'water preheater comprise ing the combination of a Water drum, a

steam-and-Water drum located above said;

Water drum, tubes, connecting said drums, baffling arranged to direct the hot gas downwardly along one portion of said tubes and upwardly along another portion of said; tubes so as to cause a continuous circulation oi the waterinsaid preheater successively through said tube portions and said drums,

means connected to said steam -and-water drum and said boiler for supplying heated water to said boiler, and means connected to the upper part of said steam-and-Water drum and said boiler for affording communi-,

' cation between the steam space of said steam andater drum and said boiler.

6. In a steam generating systemv comprising a Water tube boiler including multiple banks of Water tubes and associated drums, a preheater arranged in'the path of the hot gases after they leave the boiler compris ing a combination of a Water drum, a steam-- and-Water drum located above said Water drum, tubes connecting said drums, baffling located among the tubes of said preheater between said drums and between said pre heater said boiler for directing hot gas. against said; tubes and drums to effect a cont nuous circulation of the water in said preheater and means connected to said steamand-Water drum and one of the drums of said boiler for aifording communication between said preheater and said boiler.

7. In a steam generating system comprising a Water tube boiler including multiple banks of Water tubes and associated drums, a preheater arranged in the path, of the hot gases after they leave the boiler comprising the combination of a water drum, a steam-and-water drum located above said drum, tubes connecting said drums, bafiling located among the tubes- 0f said preheater between said drums and between said preheater and said boiler for directing the hot gas against said tubes and drums to effect a continuous circulation of: the ater in said preheater, means connected to sale steamand-Water drum and one or" the drums of said boiler for affording corn munication between said preheater and said boiler, steam and Water conduits connecting said steamand-water drum to vsaid boiler for affording communication between the water space of said steam-and water drum and the water space of said boiler and between the steam space of said steam-,an d-water drum and the steam space of said boiler.

Signed at Philadelphia in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania this seventeenth day of Mfay, A. D. 1917.

JOHN PQBADENHAUSEN.

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