US1238934A - Lathe. - Google Patents

Description

c. G. OLSON.

v LATHE.

APPLICATION-FILED DEC. 1, I916.

' Patented fiept. 4, 1917,

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

C. G. OLSON LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED gram, was.

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LATHE. APPLICATION FILED DEC. I. I9I6.

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CARI; e. oLson, oronrcn'eo, ILLINoIs, nssren'ron TO ILLInoIs TOOL wonxs, or

CHICAGO, ILLmo s, A CORPORATION or ILLInoIs.

' LATHE.

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Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 4L, W17.

.-'App1ication filed December 1, 1916. serial in. 134,244..

To all whom it may cancer 12: v

Be it known that I, CARL G.' OLSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have'invented a certa' new and useful Improvement. in Lathes, of hich the following is a specification. v

My invention relates to lathes and is here died in a lathe in which the work is rotated and the tool has an automatic, movement both parallel to 'the axis of rotation of the work and crosswise there- .to. .The principal objects of my invention .are to provide a lathe capable of turning out very accurate work and having great dura bility combined with lightness .in weight and a minimum number of parts. Other ObJCtS of the invention are to provide advantageous means for imparting longitudinal movement to th'e carriage, for imparting cross-motion to the tool and to provide other mechanical expedien'ts, the principles of' which ,will be explained.

' I accomplish my objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: 'Figurel is a front elevation of the complete machine, certain minor parts being.

f shown in section.

Fig. 2 is an elevation of the machine, chiefly in section, on the line 22, Fig. 3.

' Fig. 3 is a plan section on the line 33, Fig. 1.

carriage. The carriage is preferably saddle shaped having/a top 3 and depending aprons 4 which pass' down over the outside of the ways. The carriage is of great length, extending in the presegt case for a distance equal to the combined length of the lead screw, main spindle and cross carnage. This length covers a considerable portion of the entire length of the'machine and results in two or three 'in ilportant characteristies. In the first place, t

Fig. 4 is across sectional elevation on the' 'li,ne I 0 F slect onal elevation on the is five or six times their diameter.

e guiding surfaces are so long that the travel of the carriage is very true. There is practically no lost motion and in consequence, the tool is-held accurately at the proper-point and produces accuratework. Another result is that a great bearing surface is afforded, thlis dis- 'tri buting the pressure (due to the stresses set up by the action of the tool) over a large area, with a proportionate reduction in wear. This'makes for durability in the machine. Another result is that the carriage with its surmounted parts is relatively heavy and is therefore not subject .to vibration.

In the present form of invention, the travel of the carriage is produced by special mechanism which I shall now describe commencing 'with the part where the driving power is applied to the machine: The main drive shaft 10 is driven bya pulley 11 and belt '12 or other suitable source of power. Rigidly fastened to saidshaft is a gear wheel 13 which meshes with a gear wheel 14 as clearly shown 2 and 4. Wheel 14 is rigidly secured to the worm shaft 15 which is provided. with a worm 16. which drives so the worm gear 17. This worm gearis keyed to the main spindle 18 and is held against ongitudinal motion, by .a'. collar 19 at one end of the hub and a threaded ring 20 at the other. A housing 22 is provided with suitable bearings both for theshaft 15 and for the spindle 18. These bearings may assume various forms and need not be described in detail.

Spindle 18 has a chuck 31for holding the wor It also has a tapered socket 23 at the rear end which receives the correspondingly tapered end 24 of the lead screw 25. In the form shown, these parts screw together and are held by a lock nut 26. By preference, the mating surfaces of the interfitting plafits 18 gives good alinement. and rigidity of connection. The outer end of the lead screw works in ,a suitably-threaded nut 28 mount ed upon the stand 29 fastened to the rear end of the carriage, as clearly shown in Figs.

1, 2 and 3. It will be'noted that in this 'construction the axis oftlie lead screw is coincident. with the "axis of the main spindle 18 of the machine; also, that the lead screw is directly over the carriage and occupies a position. intermediate of the outer edges of the'wjays which guide the carriage. The resnlt is that bending moments and torsional stresses as wellas lost 'motioh are'almost enf tirely eliminated. This, taken i-n-connection with the great length of the carriage, produces a most accurate and efiicient mechanism for producing and controlling Y themovements of the carriage. The forward end of the-spindle 18 has, in'the preferred form, a collar 32 of large diameterwhich bears againstthe bushing 33, supported in the housing 22, as bestshownm Fig. 2.

Said bushing is externally-threaded at each I end for taking nuts 34 and 35. Th s forms of ample pro an adjustable thrust bearing portions.

The machine is provided Mu tan stool?" 38 which may assume any suitable form; In thepresent instance, it rests upon the guide ways 2 and is clamped in position'by means of 'a' clip 39 held by abolt 40, as shown in detail in Fig. 6. u 4 v 4 From the foregoing it will be evident that when the drive shaft 10 is rotated, the leadscrew 25 will rotate and will advance the carriage 3, I will now' describe'the cross carriage and the means by which it is operated: I

The tool, which is typified by thepart 45, shown in Figs. 3 and 5, is'fastened 1n the tool carrier 46, mounted upon slide 47 1 Slide 47 is mounted upon the;;,cross-carriage 48 and has ways 49 for guiding the tool slide cross-'-- wise of the machine. Slide,47- is adjusted by means of a hand wheel 50, a shaft 51 and screw mechanism of any suitable' type. Such screw mechanismis too we'll known to require detailed description. Cross carriage 48 is guided crosswise of the machine by ways 53 formed upon the tool table 54.

mounted on the main carriage 3, as best shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Table 54 is slidable longitudinally ofythe main carriage by.

means of a hand wheel 56 operating a train of gears 57 meshingwith thest ationary rack. 58. These parts are shown. in detail in Fig] A helicalcompression spring 60 bears at the inner end against a. shoulder .61

formed on the main carriage. The other end of saidspring abuts 5. lug 62 slidably mounted ,upon ,the cross-carriage 48. Said lug maybeadjusted by'means of an-adjusting screw. .63 .journaled in a lug 64 rigidly fastened to the c'ross-carriage- By rotating the screw 63, the compression of the spring may be regulated. The'spring constantly urges the cross-carriage toward the front of the machine-that is, toward the operator.

Movement of the cross-carriage in the opposite direction-toward the back of the machine-is accomplished by means of a. cam 67 fastened to a cam shaft 68 and engaging an anti-friction disk or similar element 69 mounted in the back end of the crosscarriage, as shown in full lines in Fig. 5 and in dotted lines in Fig. 3. As the cam shaftis rotated (in an anti-cloclnvise direction-Fig.

' l iieeepe i 'cross-carriagebackward against the pres sure of spring 60; Thus the cam mechanism, cotiperatingwithv said frame, imparts a movement to the cross-carriage crosswise of the machine,' and the particular character 5), the 'cam ti s the {assess forces at I and timing, of'the .movementdepends upon .7 I

the design of the cam. According to the illustrated design, the cam is in .the form' t.

of a snail cam, by which the'cross-carriage is forced back (toward the work) slowly until the' point of the cam is reached,.whereupon the carriage is' suddenly released and i immediately returned by the spring.

= Cam shaft 68 has two rigidcollars 71 bearing against opposite cheeks of the crosscarriage and hence causing the shaft to travel lengthwise of the machine in unison with the travel of the cross-carriage. The cam shaft is j ournaled in suitable stationary "bearings72, 72 and-is rotated by meansof a beveltgear 73 splined upon it, as best shown. in Fig- 3. Saidbevel gear-is held against lengthwise movement by means. of,

a-lug. '74 which projects into a groove. 75 formed in the hub of the bevel gear. From this it will be understood that when said M Figs. 3 and 4. This in turn is driven by gear wheel 81, rigidly fastened to a pinion shaft 82 provided with a pinion 83, which drives a spur gear 84 rigidly fastened to Worm shaft 15. Shafts 79 and 82 aresuitably journaled in a housing 22. 1 a

[In operation, when the power is turned on and shaft 15 is made to rotate, the lead screw 25 will advance the carriage and carry the tool carrier 46 with it, lengthwise of the machine. At the same time, the rotation of the cam shaft 68 produces a com- 7 paratively rapid mo'yegnent of the crosscarr1age48 in a directlon crosswise of the machine. This causes the tool to travel toward and from the work held in the chuck 31 of the rotating sleeve or hollow spindle 18. Rotary motion is also, at the same time, impartedto said chuck and spindle, which constantly presents a new surface-to the action of the tool. Thus, there arethree kinds of motions simultaneously imparted to different parts of the machine, to-wit': the rotation of the main spindle, the longitudinal travel of themain carriage and the cross travel of the cross-carriage which is mounted upon and travels with the main CJI carriage. As a result of these three kinds of motiom'l am able to automatically produce shapes of a configuration which would otherwise be difiicult, if not impossible, to produce automatically and am able to produes and reproduce them with speed, ac

curacy and uniformity.

, As a specific characteristic, it will be noted that the power is applied to. the main spindle 18' at a point between the two bearings which support it. This decreases thestrain to which the spindle is subjected in receiving its driving power. I wouldalso call attention to the fact that the. long hearing surface of the main carriage 3=is of great advantage in. distributing the downward pressure which is exerted by the action of the rotating work upon the tool. By reference to Fig. 5, it will be evident that the work rotates in an anti-clockwise direction and that the tool engages the front or downwardly moving part of the work. In consequence, there is a downward pressure on the cross-carriage and a downward pressure on the main carriage. The ways or guide surfaces of the main carriage are, however, so large that this downward pressure is of negligible efiect.

Attention is called to my co-pending ap glication'for lathes filed December l, 1916,

erial No. 134,245.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let ters Patent is,:

1., A. lathe having a main frame, a carriage sliding upon it, a lead screw for causing the carriage to travel, a main spindle for rotating the work, the lead screw and spindle having a commn axis and being rigidly connected together, and. a tool car rier located on said carriage at the end of the spindle opposite to the-lead screw, the car riage having a bearing surface upon. the

screw.

2. A. lathe having a main frame, a carriage sliding upon it, a lead screw for causing the carriage to travel, a main spindle for rotating the work, the lead screw and spindle being fastened together end to end, and a tool carrier mounted on said carriage, the carriage having a bearing surface upon the main frame of a length substantially as great as the combined length of the lead screw and spindle and longitudinal dimension of the tool carrier.

3. A lathe having a main frame, a main carriage slidingly mounted upon said frame, said carriage having a tool carrier at one end and a lead not at the other, a main spindle for rotating the work, a lead screw in line with the spindle and fastened thereto, the carriage being continuous from the tool carrier to the lead nut, and a stationary bearbetwee'z. the tool carrier and the lead nut for supporting the main spindle, said hearing. being supported from the side of the carriage, and the carriage passing beneath the bearing.

4. A lather-having a main frame-provided with ways arranged longitudinally, a carr'iag'e traveling upon said ways, a tool carrier mounted at one end of said carriage, a standard at the other end of said carriage, a nut carried'by said standard, a lead screw working in said nut, and amain spindle fastened to the end of said screw and extending toward the tool carrier, said spindle and lead screw rotating in unison about coincident axes, the carriage having a hearing surface upon the ways of the main frame extending from the outer end of the tool carrier to theouter end of the standard.

5. A lathe having a main frame, a main carriage traveling longitudinally thereon, a

work spindle rotatably mounted upon said upon the main carriage and traveling in a crosswise direction independently of the main carriage, and actuating means common to said spindle and to said cross carriage for rotating said spindle and moving the cross carriage transversely to the axis of the spindle.

6. A lathe having a stationary frame with a main carriage traveling longitudinally on it, a spindle for rotating the work, ,a lead screw for causing the carriage to, travel, said lead screw rotating in unison with the spin dle and being in line therewith, a cross carmain spindle, cam mechanism for producing cross movement of the cross carriage, and a power device common to the main spindle and to the cam mechanism for rotating the main spindle and lead screw and operating the cam mechanism.

-7. A lathe havin a stationary frame, a main carriage trave ng on-it, a main spindle, a lead screw for causing the carriage to travel, the lead screw and spindle being fastened together end to end, and being non shiftable in an axial direction, a cross carriage forv carrying the tool, said cross carr'iage being located on the main carriage at the outer end of the main spindle, a spring for moving said cross carriage in one direction, a cam for moving said carriage in epposition to said spring and means common to said main spindle and to,said cam for rotating them.

rlage located at the operative end of the i 8. In combination, a stationary frame, a

main carriage traveling on it, a lead screw for causing the carriage to travel, a main spindle fastened to the lead screw end to end, a cross carriage for carrying the tool, said cross carriage being located on the main frame adjacent to the outer end of the main spring fer moving said cross tating the work, a main carriage traveling.

parallel to the aXis of the spindle, a lead screw. fastened to said main spindle in line therewith, a cross carriage carrying the tool and movable crosswise of the main carriage, a cooperating cam and spring acting upon the cross carriage for operating it, and

means for rotating the cam in proportion to the speed of the spindle.

10. Alathe having a main spindle for rotating the work, a main carriage traveling parallel to the axis of the work, a lead screw "fastened to said main spindle in line therewith, a cross carriage carrying the tool and slidably vmounted on the main carriage so as to slide thereon transversely to the axis of i the main spindle, a cooperating cam and spring and means for rotating the cam at a Copies of this pa tent may be obtained for carriage extending beyond both ends of the spindle, said carriage supporting the tool carrier at one end of the spindle and at the,

other end of the spindle having a feed connection with the carriage.

12. A lathe having a main frame, a nontraveling rotating main spindle, a non-travelin tail stock opposite to the forward end of tie main spindle, amain carriage projecting at both ends beyond the main spindle and having a tool carrier at one end of the main spindle and a threaded nut at the other end, and a lead screw fastened to the main spindle in line therewith and passing through said nut to thereby cause the carriage to travel.

In Witness whereof, I- have hereunto suh-' scribed my name.

I CARL G. OLSON;

five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

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