US1235464A - Carbureter. - Google Patents

Description

F. W. HAGAR.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I4. 1915.

Patented July 31, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Zizycvz Zor F. WFHAGARL CARBURETER.

APPUCATION FILED JULY 14, 1915.

Patented J uly 31, 1917.

2 SHEETS-SHFIT Nvw \ww FRANKLIN HAGQR, OF

NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE; LBERT s. :oevrs nxnco'ron or "FaAnK w. nAeAnnEcEA'snn ceRBUnETER.

Application filed July 1'4, 1915.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANKLIN N. Haeen, a citizen of the .United' States, residing at Nashville, in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented new and useful Improvements in" Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a carbureter for operation with either gasolene or coaloil, and one object of the invention is to provide a carbureter comprising an organization of elements which automatically operate to give the proper proportionate parts of air and hydrocarbon throughout the same as an entirety with the slightest possible amount of variation. A further object of the invention is to give an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon completely breaking up or comminuting the globules of hydrocarbon by mechanical means without additional heat. Practice has demonstrated that it is just as easy to vaporize low grade gasolene, coaloil, kerosene, etc., if properly handled, as it is to vaporize the more volatile hydrocarbons. Heretofore it has been considered necessary to adopt a high temperature to vaporize low grade gasolene, kerosene, etc, but experiment has demonstrated that this operation is not solely due to temperature, but on the contrary the sudden changes in temperature that the hydrocarbon is subjected to will effect a vaporization thereof. Therefore, it will be understood that the present invention contemplates the provision of means for thoroughly breaking up or comminuting hydrocarbon globules by bringing the primary air into immediate contact with the hydrocarbon on its way to the motor and thereby lower the temperature of the hydrocarbonby volatilizationbe low the temperature of the primary air. Another essential structural feature of the present improved oarbureter is that the float feed chamber, oil channels and air ducts are formed in a one-piece or integral casting. \Vhen the improved carbureter is once adjustedit remains so in all conditions of operations, and the adjustments can be made irrespective of the position of the vehicle containing the motor to which the carbureter is attached and. will meet all road con ditions perfectly.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented uly 31, 1917. Serial No. 33,866. I r I One practical embodiment of the improved carbureter is illustrated in the accompanying drawings for the purpose of demonstrating an operative organization of elements carrying out the operation of mechanically breaking up the globules of the hydrocarbon used therewith and to illustrate the adjust-- ment which accommodates all road conditions.

' In the drawings Figure 1' is a rear elevation of the improved carbureter embodying the features of the invention. l

- Fig. 2 is atransverse vertical section through the carbureter.

Fig. 8 is a section taken in the plane of the line 33, Fig. 2. i

Fig. i is a horizontal section taken in the plane of the line M, Fig. 3.

Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional elevations, partially in diagram, showing the float feed regulation under different conditions.

Fig. 7 is a detail perspective view of a rocker arm controlled by the float and engaging a portion of the needle valve which regulates the supply of hydrocarbon to the carbureter.

The numeral 5 designates a casing which in the main is formed as one casting and embodies a float chamber 6, an elongated nozzle chamber 7, an upper duct and mixing chamber extension 8 at one side, and a top cylindrical air charging duct 9 having an outlet 10. The float chamber 6 is provided with a removable closing cap 11, and the upper portion of the chamber 7 is reduced as at 12, the reduction being provided by increasing the thickness of the upper portion of the wall of said chamber, as at 13. The lower portion of the thickened wall 13 is interiorly screw-threaded, as at l l, to receive the upper screw-threaded head 15 of an elongated nozzle plug 16 having a bore 17 extending centrally therethrough from the lower end to a point near the upper terminal of the head 15 where a reduced bore 18 communicates therewith and continues through a reduced extremity 19 of ,thehead 15, said extremity constituting a nozzle. The head 15 is also circumferentially channeled,v as at '20, and communicating with this channel is an upwardly inclined ductgt for a purpose whichwill be presently explained. The lower end of the nozzle plug 16 is enlarged, as at and formed with a flange which closely abuts against the lower end of the wall of the nozzle chamber 7, and the bore 17 is closed at its lower portion by a screw plug 2% which may be re moved as desired to clean the said bore 1?. The lower portion of the chamber 7 has communication with the float chamber 6 by means of a port formed in the intermediate wall 26 between the float'chamber and the said nozzle chamber 7, and the bore 17 has communication with the nozzle chamber 7 through the medium of a port 2? formed in the nozzle plug, the said port as shown by Fig. 2, extending fully across the plug. The upper portion of the bore 17 also has communication with the annular channel 20 through the medium of a crossport 28 formed in the head 15 of the plug 16. The float chamber comprises an inward extension 29 from which depends an inlet member 30 having a lower exteriorly screwthreaded terminal 31 with a bore 32 extending therethrough and provided with a valve seat 33 for the lower end of a needle valve 34 vertically movable in the extension 29 and having its upper portion engaging a cap 35 with a bore 36, said cap being removably mounted in an upper tubular extremity 37 of the extension 29. The needle valve 3st is provided with a lower reduced end, as usual, to engage; the seat 33, and at a point above the center thereof an elongated weight collar 3S is secured thereto or forms a part thereof and operates to normally close the valve or cause the latter to gravitate so that the lower reduced end will firmly engage the seat 33. The SCI'QlVL-lll'QZlClQll terminal 31 may have any suitable form of supply device, such as a pipe, connected thereto and whereby the gasolene, coaloil, kerosene or any other hydrocarbon of a like character may be fed to the float chamber 6.

In the float chamber 6 a float 39 is eccentrically mounted, and the particular mount- 7 ing consists of a bushing 40 disposed therein, as clearly shown by Fig. l, and through the bushing a rod or pin 41 is inserted and has hearing at its opposite ends in an enlargement at? in the wall 23 and in the closing cap 11 of the float chamber. This pin constitutes the fulcrum of the float and is held against rotation, the bushing or sleeve -10 being free to rotate on this fulcrum pin. By means of the eccentric mounting of the float it will be seen that it will have a tiltin or dipping action when the charge in the float chamber lowers below a certain point, and the control of the supply of the gasolene, kerosene Or other hydrocarbon to the float chamber accomplished through the needle valve 34: and the float 39 by means of an intermediate rocker arm 43. The rocker arm a3 is fulcrumed on a pin it which passes through the outer extremity thereof, said extremity being in the form of a head 45 embodying two curved arms l6 which loosely engage the lower end of the weight collar 38 of the needle valve 3%, the arms l6 embracing the valve stem, as clearly shown by dotted lines in Fig. The inner end of the rocker arm t3 is enlarged and bifurcated, as at a7, and loosely engages a pin 18 projecting inwardly from the float 39 and carried solely by the latter. When the lloat tilts by reason of the lowering of the hydrocarbon in the chamber 6, the inner end of the rocker arm lowers therewlth and the outer end of said arm elevates and raises the reduced extremity of the needle valve 3% from the seat 33 and permits the liquid hydrocarbon to flow into the chamber until the normal or predetermined level desired is obtained in the float chamber, when the inner extremity of the rocker arm elevates and the outer extremity or head 45 thereof lowers and permits the valve 3% to close the bore or inlet port or duct 3'2 to thereby shut off the further ingress of the hydrocarbon into the float chamber. To assist the float 39 in its sensitive operation it is provided with a weight, as at 49, said weight insuring a quick drop or lowering of the portion of the float 39 beyond the fulcrum point thereof. It will be seen that the float is of a tilting character, yet very compact in its organization, occupying a comparatively small space, and by this means the general proportions and dimensions of the carbureter are reduced, with advantages in the installation thereof without deterioration in operation. The operation of the float clearly shown by Figs. 5 and 6, and as illustrated by Fig. 5 the'float 39 has lowered in its chamber 6 by reason of the fall of the liquid hydrocarbon below a certain predetermined point, and it will be seen that the rocker arm l3 has been lowered at its inner extremity and its outer or head extremity elevated, and as a consequence the valve is elevated. In Fig. 6 the liquid hydrocarbon in the chamber has been restored to its normal predetermined level. and the float 39 has risen, and as a consequence the rocker arm $3 is in a reverse position and the valve 34: is closed.

The extension 8 is formed with a vertical duct 50 for the inlet of the primary air to w rat may be termed a preliminary carburct ing chamber 51 having an enlarged portion into which the duct 50 directly opens, and a lower reduced portion intersecting the upper enlarged portion 52 as a continuation of the latter, contracted throat 5 1 being formed at the point of intersection of the two portions and The chamber 51 as .by "Fig. 2.

a whole extends :inwardly at a downward angle ot inclination, and the lower reduced :portion53 thereoi'bpens into the-upper portion ofthe;nozZle1chamber 7. A screw plug .55 is fitted in vand closes the upper terminal of the chamber 5l=and has an inward extension or guide 56, the plug and extension being centrally boredato receive a valve stem 57 formed with an upperscrew threaded enlargement 58 .to :acljustably engage the ad jacent portion ofthezp'lug and an exterior headzill whereby the stem 57 as a whole may beadjusted inwardly and outwardly as may be desired in accordance with the operation of the carbureter. ion :the inner .end of .the stem 57 within thechamber 511a -valvei6O is secured and is movabledownwardlyinto and upwardly from the throat 5st at the point of intersection of the upper enlarged portion 52 and the lower reduced portion 53 of the said chamber '51. The duct .50 isof materially less diameter than any part of the chamber .51 and the valve 60 is operable to modify the throat 754 relatively to the said duct 50 in a manner which will be hydrocarbon may be fed in part :through the nozzle plug 16 by way of the duct 21 to the nozzle opening into the chamber 51 as explained.

Depending into the upper portion of the nozzle chamber 7 is a tube 6l which has its lOWQIeilCl extending-over the nozzle 19 projecting upwardly from the head 15, tl1e'upper end of-the tube opening intoan annular chamber in the cylindrical air charging duct 9 and provided by an inner reduced terminal or tubularextension 66 of a valve casing 67 which engages the inner wall of the said air charging duct or-chamber9 and the outlet 10. lhe valve casing 67 is remova'bly fitted in the air charging duct or chamber '9 and the latter is enlarged, as at 68, to form with the inner reduced portion or tube 66 of the said valve casing the annular space or chamber 65. The inner reduced portion or tube 66 of the valve casing 67 also formed with a plurality of openings 69 which establish communication between the interior of the valve casing and the said annular chamber The valve casing 67 has a flared inlet 70 with a spider or bracing means 71 formed with a central hub 72 having a screw -threaded bore therethrough to receive the screw-threaded stem 73 of a,

valve I'll cooperating with a seat 75 at the inner-terminal oi' the inlet :70. The valve 74 has an inwardlyprojecting sleeve 76 through which the stem 73 extends, and on the nner end of the stem is ;a disk or stop 77. Be-

tween the disk or stop 7.7 and the inner side of the valve 74 and surrounding the sleeve 76 and the inner portion of the stem 73 1s a spring 78 which operates to maintain the :tent as to render the stem practical in its adjustment in the hub 72. The outlet 10 is provided with the usual butterfly or analogous valve :7 9 having anvexteriorly projectingoperating stem and controlllng the ilow of the fuel or of the explosive mixture tion of the nozzle chamber 7 constitute a preliminary carbureting chamber and the tube 64 around the nozzle 19 induces an inward and upward flow of the mixture to the annular space or chamber 65; and from the latter the hydrocarbon and air in a comminute d 1 or mechanically vaporized condition 'pa-ss'through the openings 69 into-the inner reduced extremity or tube 66 of the valve cas1ng:67 where the mixture is charged with air and then passes on'through the outlet 10,

when the valve 79 is opened.

Assuming that the float chamber 6 is charged with oil, either lowgrade or other gasolene or coaloil, to the level desired or predetermined, :the valve 60 will be moved inwardly by adjusting'the-stem 57 until the shoulder 59 of the head 59 bears against the outer end of the plug 55. By such adjustment the area of the throat 5a is reduced by the valve'60 to the area of the duct 50, and by this means the chamber 51 or the primary air charging means remains undisturbed or is filled with free air which is open to cooperation with the nozzle in the extension 8 formed by the bore 61 in communication with the nozzle chamber 7 through the medium of the duct 21 by way of the nozzle. Thevalve 74 is then operated to set-up a suction or to draw up a charge of oil from the spray nozzle 19. This is a low speed adjustment only and is accomplished solely through the operationof the air valve 74: through the medium of the stem 73. The motor will then bespeeded up until the charge becomes thin from lack of oil, and then'the valve 60 is adjusted outwardly to fully open the chamber 51, which also serves as a duct. By moving the valve (30 outwardlyto the position shown by Fig. the restricted passage in the'throat 54: is

eliminated and the inflowing air forms a partial vacuum at the point where the nozzle G1 communicates with the chamber or duct 51. The valve 60 is moved. outwardly only a sutlicient distance to throw up the desired amount of oil through the nozzle 61 by way of the duct 21, channel and bore 1'? of the nozzle plug 16. 1t all of the resistance to a tree passage or" air at the throat 5-l was removed, or it at first the valve was adjusted outwardly too far, the charge would be entirely too rich. Therefore it will be understood that this adjustment of the valve 60 in an outward direction should only be made at high speed of the motor so that when the motor dropped to low speed the vacuum would so weaken at the spray nozzle 61 that the oil would cease to flow through said nozzl and the spray nozzle 19 then be peunitted to supply the oil for low speed. It will be observed that the adjustments regulating the mixtures are pneumatic and are only two in number. The purpose of these adjustments and the arrangement of the ducts and noz zles is to give a correct proportion of air and oil and absolutely mix the latter. The primary air enters through the duct and thence passes to the spray nozzles 61 and 19 and breaks up the particles or oil and carries it in a seemingly vaporized or pulverized state into the annular chamber 65, where it is discharged through the openings 69 into the inner extension or tube 66 of the valve casing 67 and comes into contact with the main volume of air admitted by open ing the valve 74. It will be understood that the number of openings 9 should be suiticent to cause a thorough mixture of the oil and air. By adjusting the valve inwardly or outwardly a proper mixture can be determined, and it the shoulder 59 of the head is against the outer end of the plug there is no vacuum at the spray nozzle 61 for the reason that the valve 60 will then be projected inwardly within the throat 5e and the latter consequently restricted in its area. If the valve is moved outwardly to give a full opening or to clear the threat 5%, the vacuum at the spray nozzle 61 will be equal to that at the spray nozzle 19 for the reason that the restricted passage in the air duct as a whole will then be established by the duct 50. The object of the float feed organization, as will be understood, is to maintain a constant level of oil at a fixed elevation in the spray nozzles 61 and 19. As hereinbetore indicatechthe float 89 when in normal position has the greater portion thereof submerged, andthe up and down movements of the float'controlled by the level of the oil in the chamber 6 sets up a corresponding movement of the needle valve 3%, The point of contact or the pin as on the rocker arm a3 is about the center of gravity in every direction relatively to the float in view of the position of the weight e9. It the pin as was omitted and the float allowed to move freely as in ordinary float constructions embodied in the usual forms or carburetors, two oil levels would be established which would be objectionable, especially in the operation of the present im proved carburetor. By using the bushing 4-0 in the float 39 on the fulcrum pin 41 and positioning the said fulcrum eccentrically, the float is caused to have a partial rotation during its upward and downward movements without relieving any of its weight or operating effect from the pin 48. The

cfect of the weight 4:9 on the float is essential in the operation of the latter. When the liquid hydrocarbon of whatever character it may be begins to lower from the predetermined normal elevation thereof in the float chamber 6, the weighted float partially rotates and starts downwardly or gravitates in the said chamber, and as the greater portion of the float carrying the weight lowers it naturally becomes heavier, as it were, or more effectiv in its leverage on the pin 48 and the gravitating needle valve 34E is more quickl opened by reason of the correspondingly quick downward movement of the upward movement is quickened or is ren-' dered faster than the elevation of the oil surface and the valve 3% is caused to close more rapidly than it would otherwise, and the result is that the predetermined oil level within the chamber 6 is soon reestablished and maintained throughout all conditions without any perceptible change. In other words, the particular mounting and construction of the float 39 eucourge the float to rapidly descend when the liquid hydrocarbon in the float chamber 6 begins to lower and said float becomes submerged and is'not delayed. by the downward gradual mowement'oi the liquid, the valve 84 being opened to permit ingress of a charge of liquid hydrocarbon to the chamber 6 before the normal level of the liquid in the floatchamber has been materially modified. Conversely, the float begins to rise and reaches an elevation suflicient to shut off the valve 3 1% or permit the latter valve to fully gravitate'just at the time that the normal el of liquid hydrocarbon is reached in the float chamber. It will therefore be seen that the upward and downward movements of the float are more rapid than the corresponding vem nts a t l q i 1135110? carbon in the chamber 6, the acceleration of the downward movement of the float being due to the weight applied thereto and the quickening of the upward movement of said float resulting from a greater buoyancy existing in view or the particular mounting of the float and the less effective action of the weight under the latter conditions. There is no resistance to the up and down move ments of the float by the fulcrum of the latter or the pin 48, and as a consequence the float will be very sensitive in its operation in maintaining a predetermined level of the hydrocarbon in the float chamber 6 and will not be affected by movements over uneven road surfaces, and hence when the carbureter is once adjusted it remains so in all conditions of operation. As hereinbefore indicated, the adjustments can be made irrespective of the position of the vehicle embodying the motor to which the carbureter is attached, and the carbureter will regularly operate to supply the motor with a proper mixture without deterioration, no matter what the road conditions may be.

It will also be observed from the foregoing that the liquid hydrocarbon, such as gasolene, low grade gasolene, kerosene or other suitable hydrocarbon, will be mechanically broken up or comminuted by contact with the air at the nozzles, as hereinbefore described, and a partial mixture will ensue prior to the subjection of the sprayed or comminuted hydrocarbon to the main volume of air in the inner extension or tube 66 of the valve casing 67, the richness of the mixture depending solely upon the adjustments hereinbefore described. One of the main advantages of the improved carbureter is the economical use of the hydrocarbon in forming the explosive mixture without relying upon heat as a vaporizing medium.

What is claimed is:

1. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber closed at the bottom and provided with an oil supply in communication with the lower portion thereof, a main nozzle dividing the said chamber into distinct upper and lower parts, the said nozzle being tubular and in communication with the lower part of the said chamber and having a. reduced extremity projecting into the upper part of the chamber, the carbureter also having air inlet means laterally communicating with the upper separate part of the said chamber and a secondary spray nozzle opening into the air inlet means at a distance from the point of communication of the latter with the upper part of the chamber, adjusting means in the air inlet means for regulating the mixture of air and hydrocarbon, and means in communication with the nozzle chamber for supplying a main volume of air to the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effect a mechanical breaking up and comminution of the globules of the hydrocarbon and form an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior to exit from the carbureter.

2. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber in communication with an oil supply and provided with a closed bottom, a main nozzle extending upwardly through the said chamber and dividing the latter into upper and lower separate parts, the carbureter also having air inlet means communicating with the nozzle chamber and a secondary spray nozzle exposed to the air inlet means at a distance from the point of communication of the latter with the nozzle chamber, and means in communication with the nozzle chamber for supplying a main volume of air to the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effect a mechanical breaking up and comminution of the globules of the hydrocarbon to form an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior to exit from the carbureter.

3. A carbureter having a nozzle chamber with a main nozzle extendin upwardly therethrough and separating the chamber into upper and lower parts, the chamber and nozzle having communication with the hydrocarbon supply, an air inlet open to the upper partof the chamber and upper terminal of the said nozzle, a secondary spray nozzle opening into the said air inlet at a distance from the point of communication of the latter with the nozzle chamber, and means in communication with the upper part of the chamber and the main nozzle for supplying a main volume of air to the primarily associated air and hydrocarbon to effect a mechanical breaking up and comminution of the globules of the hydrocarbon and form an absolute mixture of air and hydrocarbon prior to exit from the carbureter.

t. A carbureter having an air inlet, main and secondary nozzles respectively in communication with opposite extremities of the said air inlet and also provided with means for supplying them with hydrocarbon, adjusting means in the said air inlet between the nozzles, means for supplying the main volume of air into the carbureter independently of the said air inlet, and communicating means between the means for supplying the main volume of air and the said air inlet whereby air and hydrocarbon may be primarily associated in proportionate parts and fed to the main volume of air at a lower temperature than the latter air.

5. A carbureter having dual spray nozzles therein separated from each other, a primary air feeding means to the opposite extively exposed, means for supplying the nozzles with hydrocarbon and to set up a spraying action thereof and whereby hydrocarbon and air may be preliminarily asso- 5 eiated in proportionate parts, and means for supplying the main volume of air to the carbureter, the preliminarily associated air and hydrocarbon being passed to the main volume of air, at a less temperature than 10 the latter air to effect a thorough breaking up of the hydrocarbon and oommingling of the latter With the main volume of air Within the earbureter.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Wit- 15 nesses.

FRANKLIN lV. HAGAR. lVitnesses E. M. KELLY, B. G. TOMLIJ.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. G.

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