US1228338A - Centrifugal impact pulverizing apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

D. O. MARKS.

CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT PULVEBIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED nscjll Patented May 29,1917.

4 SHEETS--SHEET liwanzor' Ill! I 0550 Min D. 0. MARKS.

CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT PULVERIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. II. 1913.

Patented May 29, 1917.

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D. 0. MARKS.

CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT PULVEHIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 1 1. I913- Patented May 29,1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

D. 0. MARKS.

CENTRIFUGAL IMPACT PULVEHIZING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. II, I913.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented. May 29,1917.

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ED STATES PATENT onnio.

DUNN 0. KS, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR F ONE-HALF T0 LYN Si ATKINSON, OF 1308 ANGELES, CALIFORNIA/ 'GENTRIFUGAL IMPACT PULVERIZING- APPARATIlS.'

messes.

Application filed December 11, 1913. Serialll'o. 806,104.

To all whom it may concern. Be it known that I, DONN' Or'ro MARKS, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of San Francisco, in the State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Centrifugal Impact Pulverizing Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machines which pulverize and disintegrate ores or the like by meansof centrifugal force produced by rotors mounted on vertical shafts driven at high speed and having a disk-like head pro- Vided on an upper face with impellers for impelling disintegrated and setting. up ,circular motion thereof and consequent centrifugal forces that cause it to fly from the rotor to strike a hard surface Where it becomesj split along the planes ofv cleavage. &

This invention is not of the class of machines which grind the material in the operation of pulverizing materialand particularly distinguished therefrom inhaving a self-balancing rotor run at a very high speed and provided with devices that form centrifugal cushions to yieldingly take on the material that is to be crushed and to set up centrifugal force therein to drive it against a surrounding wall where the material is disintegrated by impact therewith and then at once passes on out of the way Specification of Letters Patent.

the material to be pulverized 01"- without being ground 'or further. acted on' for the purpose of reducing to fineness; the complete reduction being practically instan taneous at the moment of impact upon the surrounding wall- In the operation of machines of this character great difliculties are encountered which heretofore'have proven serious obstacles in the way of prolonged successful use.

Among such ditliculties may be mentioned the following: 1

First, the high speed of rotation causes violent vibrations, oscillations, radial thrust and internal strains likely to result in rapid destruction of the machine;

Second, the impact between the impellers and the rock fed to the rotors and reboundng from the hard surface is tremendous, ob- ;tructive and destructive;

Third, a greater or less amount of the )roduct is in the form of an impalpable lust which is liable to permeate the air and s diiiicult to be taken care of.

An object of the invention is to provide Serial No. 129,200, filed Patented May as, 1917.

improved means to overcome, avoid and take care of the above mentloneddifiiculties and effects and to construct a machine in gal force of the impellers is applied to the i which the leverage with which the centrifudlsk is minimized, and wherebythe gener ated forces are allowed to adjust the parts to suchrelation with each :other that the radial thrust, oscillations, impacts, vibrations, and internal strains are minimized, counterbalanced and counteracted; and to I effect this by simple, strong, light and durable apparatus easy to make, assemble, disassemble, ship and operate.

An object is to so construct and arrange t e impellerswith relation to the disk of the rotor that the impact spoken of will be cushioned through centrifugal force generated by the rotor, and the'invention is pioneer with respect to the means whereby this is effected. i

The radial thrust practicallyonly coines into play when the rotor shaft I does-not operatein a line runningthrough its center of gravity. It .is important therefore that he rotor be self adjusting to such line.

vObjects of the invention are:

To provide novel means to permit the rotor to find its own center of gravity, thus to avoidor to compensate for'radial thrust,

so that the pressure of the bearings Will be equal throughout, no destructive oscillation orvibration of the rotary parts.

In machines of this kind the rotor shaft is vertically mounted, and consequently, gravity is a considerable factor in the way of practical success and the machine is so constructed that a satisfactory anti-frictional support for the rotor is provided.

Such construction, however, forms the subject-matter for a separate application on the 2nd day of November, 191.6, forming in part a division of this application.

Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby a source of power may be connected to the apparatus at any desirable radial or vertical direction to the rotor shaft, and'the dust Wlll'bB excluded from the connecting means.

An object is to provide a construction and arrangement of parts that will admitof vertical drive connection with motor located below and close to the rotor disk.

In carrying out the invention I proi'ide a and so that there Will be advantages comparatively light and strong frame having channels whereby the disintegrated or pulverized substances may be dropped or passed down on either side of the rotor shaft .and power appliances and I provide a case particularly adapted to convey the properly disintegrated material from the rotor to a suitable receptacle and to return the insufficiently disintegrated material back to the rotor for further disintegration.

The important features, capabilities and of the invention will become apparent from the detailed subjoined description of one specific embodiment thereof.

The invention may be variously embodied either with a vertical drive motor or with a pulley and belt drive and in the drawings will be shown only with the pulley and belt drive.

It is understood that one great source of trouble with apparatus of this kind arises from the liability that the load fed to the rotary head will be unequallydistributed thereon, thus making one side of the rotor momentarily heavier than another and thereby increasing the radial thrust and an object is to take care of such radial thrust in a satisfactory way by allowing instant response of the rotor to such variations of load center.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention.

Figure 1 is a broken elevation, more or less diagrammatic, of a pulverizing plant constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is a broken plan view of the pul verizer.

Fig. 3 is a broken plan on line :v w Fig. 1, showing the parts exposed by removing the top section.

Fig. 4 is a plan from line ac -m, Fig. 1, showing the lower cylindrical shell section detached,

Fig. 5 is an axial section of the pulverizer.

on line w wf, Figs. 6, 7 and 8.

Fig. 6 is an elevation partly in section on irregular line m m, Figs. 5, 7 and 8.

Figs. 7 and 8 are plan sections respectively, at lines w"w and w -m Fig. 5, reduced in size.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged fragmental sectional elevation from r -w", Fig. '7, showing one of the impellers, wings or throwers pivoted in place.

In the embodiment shown, a frame is provided having a suitable platform 1 on which i are positioned standards 2, supporting the hopper 3 that is provided with a chute 4: which is adapted to discharge into the pulverizer 5 that is suitably mounted on the platform 1. 'The pulverizer is pro vided with a bottom discharge section 6 which leads into a cyclone dust collector and separator 7 into which the pulverized material is directed bymeans of the spout 8.

material through the mouth 9 from which it may be conveyed by any suitable means to the place of treatment or use. 1

The outer housing or shell of the pulverizer is built up of" sections and comprises said downwardly tapering bottom discharge section 6 which has an upper circular opening around'which is provided a flange 10 that in the present instance is shown as positioned above and supported indirectly by the platform 1. A lower cylindrical shell section 11 having a power appliance way as the tunnel 12 passed therethrough (see Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7) has a suitable lowerflange 13 to fit onto the flange 10 and to be suitably bolted thereto, and an upper flange '14. The

flange 13 forms projecting means overhanging the flange 10 to rest on any suitable sup port as the sills 13 carried by the platform 1 so that the discharge section 6 may be removed from or rotatively adjusted relative to the shell section 11 without disturbing such shell section.

An upper cylindrical shell section 15 is provided with a lower flange 16 to fit and to be suitably bolted onto the upper flange ,95

14 of the lower section 11. The upper section 15 has an upper flange 17 adapted to receive a flange 18 provided on the lower end of an upwardly tapering top section 19 which has a central circular opening to re- 1( ceive the external annular flange 20 of a downwardly tapering funnel 21, serving as the inlet mouth of the pulverizer.

The several flanges are formed to constitute annular seats by which the several sections 11 are jointed together and secured by bolts.

I The chute 4 extends over the funnel 21 to feed 'thereinto the material to be disinterated, The upper cylindrical shell 15 is provided with an internal annular ledge 22 11 on which the removable corrugated segments or riffled blocks 23 are' mounted having their outer faces arc-shaped and their inner faces corrugated, as shown in Figs. 3, 5, 6

and 7; there being a sufficient number. of 1 these blocks to complete an annular ring inwardly overhanging the ledge 22. These riffled blocks form the impact wall having a hardened surface against which the material to be disintegrated is thrown in the 1 operation of the pulverizer.

The upper wall of the tunnel 12 is provided with an upwardly extending lower annular collar 24 integral with said wall;

the upper edge of said annular collar being 1 provided with an annular flange 25 practically at the level of the top of the lower cylindrical shell section to receive an annu lar flange 26 formed on the lower end of an upper annular crown collar 27 The collars 1 24 and 27 are bolted together and are of particular interior conformation'and provide a chamber to receive a universal joint ball sleeve 28- in which the vertical shaft 29 of the rotor is-ada-pted to operate. Surrounding the meeting portions of the two collars 24, 27, their interiors are formed to chamber formed in the collar 24,is offset to produce the intermediate frusto-spherical socket 30 for the ball of said sleeve'28. The upper end-of the wall of the chamber formed in the collar 27 is offset to form a shoulder 31 and thelower end of the wall of the der 32 and lying against the inner surface tion a' to locate in of the annular collar 24 "is located a lower resilient sleeve-like ring 34, also made of india rubber. The socket is provided with an anti-friction metal lining or band 35, made of babbitt in'the present instance, and forming the inside of the socket. The ball sleeve 28, has an upper cylindrical porand abut against the rub ber ring 33, a lower cylindrical portion 6 to locate in and. abut against the rubber ring 34 and anintermediate ball portion 0 to lo-- cate in and abut against the Babbitt: ball socket liner or band 35.

The rotor shaft 29 has an intermediate body d, and above such intermediate body the successively reduced upper spindle portions e, f, and the screw-threaded tip 9."

Said rotorshaft also has below said intermediate body the successivelyreduced' lower v portion 6 and supported supports said shaft; the annular, shoulder spindle portions 11., i, j and la, the second one,

i, of which 'is threaded.

I The upper end of the ball s1eeve28 is internally screw-threaded toreceive the lower screw-threaded portion of a flanged dusttlfght or retaining cap '36, the annular flange -o sleeve 28. A cylindrical lock sleeve 37 is which rests-bn the upper end of the ball loated inside the annular cap' 36 and surrounds the vertical shaft 29 of the rotor. The rotor is provided with an upper ball bearing 38 around the first upper reduced by the main body at of the rotor shaft.

The rotorsup'porting ball bearing outer raceway 39 is located inside the lower cylindrical'portion b, of the ball sleeve 28 and around the first lower reduced portion 72. of the rotor shaft 29. The

raceway collar 41, which is mounted on said reduced portion ivof therotor-sh-aft and formed by the lower end of the shaft body (Z resting on the raceway collar 41 for this purpose.

The "lowercylindrical end of the ball balls 40 are carried' by the outer raceway 39 and support thesleeve'28 is internally and externally screwthreaded to receive internally the dust-tight oil-retaining thrust cap or bearing step 42 that supports the outer raceway 39, and to receive externally'the ring 43 which serves to retain the lower rubber ring 34 and support it in place. The thrust cap 42 has an annular flange 44 to abut against the lower end of the ball sleeve 28 and is screwed home tight.

The thrust cap 42 is provided with a central screw-threaded orifice to receive an oilretaining gland 45 that surrounds.the smodth cylindrical portion 7' of the shaft. Above and free from the thrust cap 42 and gland 45 there is screwed on the'threaded portion i ofthe shaft a retaining nut 46 to retain on the shaft the inner raceway collar 41 of theradialand axial thrust bearing.

In the chamber 47 formed in the ball sleeve- 28 surrounding the vertical rotor shaft 29 between the lower bearing balls 40 and the upper bearing balls 48, lubricant,

such as hardgrease, 47, is packed and is afterward replenished with lubricant from the compression grease cup 49 through a pipe connection 50 communicating with a grease chamber 51 above the upper ball bear- 1n% 38, he parts of the shaft between the threaded portions 9 and z' are smooth and cylindrical, and run smoothly in the hard grease;

The arrangement described is such that if i the center of gravity of the rotor lies outside the axis of revolution so that therewill be.

thrust and er rings and socket joint. The ball sleeve thus and upper disk members 52, 53 spaced apart a determined distance by inner and outer spacers 54, 54 and held together by bolts 55 extending through the spacers respectively; there being impellers, wings or throwers 56 of less thickness than the space between said disks, mounted loosely between the disks and pivoted on the inner spacers 54 and extending into the path of the outer spacers 54, which are spaced rearwardly from the impellers when the impellers are freely respondin .to the centrifugal force generated by rotatlon ofthe rotor, so that the impellers are free to swing their longitudinal axes to and fro across those radii of the rotor in. which the impeller pivots are located respectively. -The lower disk 52 has on its top surface a central distributing boss 57 and in its underside below such boss a central-threaded socket screwed onto the threaded tip 9 of the rotor shaft.

The upper disk member 53 has a centrally-\ sides being in diverging curves forming comet-like tails.

A pair of spacers 54, 54 and bolts therefor are provided for each of the wings, the inner one of said spacers forming a pivot for the inner end of the wing, the periphery of such inner end being rounded to allow the material to freely pass and practically stationary relative to the boss 57 of the rotor irrespective of the oscillations of the wings. The spacers of each pair are practically arranged in a line parallel to a line that is tangent to the periphery of the distributing boss 57 of the lower disk member, the outer spaces forming stops impinging against the rear faces of the wings to start said wings when rotation is first set up; each outer spacer 54:, however, being set 'far enough back to allow the outer end of the wing in front of it to swing forwardly therefrom under the centrifugal force generated by rotating the rotor.

The proper location of the spacer 54 may readily be determined by pivoting one of the wings on an inner spacer of a detached lower disk and then standing the disk on edge to bring the centers of the spacer and the disk in vertical alinement so that the impeller will hang down as suggested by the lower impeller in Fig. 7 said impellers, thusmounted, being free to oscillate sufficiently to swing their axes to and fro across those radii of said rotor in which the impeller pivots 54 are located respectively.

The line 00 in Fig. 7 indicates one of said radii. I

The impeller when thus hanging free, will be in thenormal operating or impelling position and the outer spacer 54: should belocated rearwardly therefrom a desirable distance suflicient to allow considerable backward swing of the impeller from said normal impelling position but close enough to the impeller to engage it and start it forward.

' Said wings are of hard heavy material front face, each wing will lie nearer to the outer front.

curved outward forwardly at the inner limb 0 of said face and rearwardly outward at the outer limb n, so that the inner forwardly curved limb 0 will first pick up the material moving outward from the boss 57 and will give it a forwardcircular impetus thus setting up great centrifugal force that carries the material past the middle bend m.

that is tangent to a radius 1' of the rotor. The outer limb n is rearwardly curved,- so that the material may receive impetus therefrom but may escape outward with minimum friction.

The rear face 79 of the wing is curved rearwardly outwardly and is divergent from the so that the center of gravity of corner 9 of the wing than to the outer rear corner 8, so that when the wing responds freely to centrifugal force as the rotor is revolved, the front face of the wing will stand as stated above.

In practical use the rotor is driven at a high speed say from'1500 to 3000 revolutions per minute, more or less, and the broken rock or other material to be reduced is fed through the funnel 21 onto the outwardly sloping central portion or b0ss-57 down the sides of which it will move onto the plane surface of the disk 52, meanwhile of the wings or impellers are curved as shown at 0, m, n, being.

taking on centrifugal force imparted through I frictional contact with disk 52 until it collides with the wings 56 which impart to it the high speed of the rotor so that it is thrown by centrifugal force against the cor is thus broken fine enough by this-one blow;

but it is possible that some fragments may be thus produced that may rebound across the narrow space between the wall and the wings which will collide with the fragments and throw them off at a tangent so that the fragments will again strike the corrugated wall there to again shatter them.

The wings also act as the wings of a blower and air is sucked in through the funnel 21 and driven out at the periphery of the rotor head and onto the" ruffled wall 23 thus creating an air pressure which can only be relieved in vertical directions up and the flanges 13 and 10 together,

. wall downward past down. The face of the wall formed at 23 1s vertlcal, thedower disk 52 is of less diameter than the upper disk 53, there is no ex ternal outlet upward, there is a wider passageway from the wall 23 downward than upward, and there is also a final outlet to the external air through the hollow body on each side of the tunnel and then through the dust collector 7; and therefore the air blast from the blower is mainly downward and this blast helps to carry the fine material from'the space between the head and the power appliance housing formed by the tunnel and into the dust collector and separator from which the fine material passes through the spout 9 to be stored or treated and the larger size passes through spout 9 to the elevator and back to the hopper 3 where it is mixed with the ma terial in said hopper and passes on into the machine for further shattering.

There may also be a circulation of air and dust up from the inner face of wall 23, over the upper disk between such disk and-the top section and thence down through the space between such disk and the lower end of the funnel and'thence out between the disks, and so on, or vice versa.

The lower end of the shaft 29 is designed to be connected to any In order to allow great freedom in rela" tively positioning the power source, the shell and the dustcollector, the sections of the device are rotatively mounted one on an other and can easily be adjusted to change the position of-the tu'nnel. This is done by merely removing the bolts 63 which fasten whereupon the workman may turn the up er body of the pulverizer to. the desired posltion, so that the tunnel 12' will be in proper alinement, and may then return .the bolts 63 to again fasten theflang'es 13 and 10 together.

To securely position the upper cylindrical shell 14 onto the lower cylindrical shell 11, complementary or shouldered seats are provided as shown at 64 in Figs 5 and 6.

Ribs are provided to properly reinforce the lower cylindrical shell 11; there being on eachside of the collar 24 a rib 65 extending substantially diametrical of the shell, be-

- ing cast integral with the tunnel -12 and the annular collar 24; and second ribs 66erranged along and made integral withthe top of the tunnel and with the collar and' at right angles to the first ribs 65. These ribs I serve furthermore to reinforce the tunnel 12 and the shell thus constructed aflords strong and rigidsupport for the lower col- 5 lar 24 and the bearing for'the rotor shaft.

of the axis that may suitable source of power to drive-the shaft, and inthe present Mounted on the shaft 29 between the cylindrical lock sleeve 37 and the rotor disk 52 is provided an inverted dish-shaped dust-de- 4 flector 67 which prevents dust of the pulverized material entering into the bearing of the shaft 29. The dust-deflector 67 and lock sleeve 37 rotate with the shaft 29, .but the cap 36 is fixed to the sleeve 28 and only moves therewith. The lock sleeve holds the top bearing in place.

The lubricating tube 50 is of such flexible construction as to yield to accommodate the slight movement to which the top, of said sleeve is subjected by reason of any shifting occur.

' The annular cap 36 may be grooved internally to receive the packing rings 68 of felt or hard grease that may encircle the spindle portion a of the shaft 29 thus to assist in excluding dust andgrit from the interior of the bearing sleeve 28.

By arranging the oscillating impellers as tend only part of the way to said annular; wall so as to leave at all times an IlIlObstructed space between the impeller and the wall, so that the impellers are free to swing their longitudinal axes to and fro across those radii of the rotor in which the impeller pivots are located respectively without touching the impact wall, and the 113..- terial is free to pass out of the way of the impellers and in parallelism with the face gravity alined with the proof the wall on its way out of the machine after being disintegrated by impact with the wall, and the rotor axis and the axes of the said impellers are free to oscillate to swing their centers of gravity across suchradii, so

that when impact occurs between newly introduced material and the outer free ends of the impellers, said free ends of the impellers constitute centrifugal cushions, ingly held by the centrifugal force to rotate in a circular path in which they will strike upon the ore or other material that is to be driven out by centrifugal force upon the annular wall; said impellers yieldingly responding to the impact to an extent sufficient to take up the jar which otherwise would be transmitted to the machine bythe impact of the impellers against the material if said impellers were rigid with the rotor body made up of the disks 52, 53 and the connecting parts 54, 54:; by combining the rotating head and the impellers thus mounted With'a shaft, and a being yield-- and, furthermore,

volve for generating the centrifugal force therein; that said impellers do not rub upon taking 40 ward for disintegrating impact with the surv or come into contact with any part of the machine excepting the disks 52, 53 and the spacers 54, 5,4, and that said rotor body is rotatedat a high speed and free from frictional contact with any element except the impellers.

It is obvious that various modifications and changes in the detail construction may be made without departing from the general scope of the'invention.

I claim:

1. In an impact pulverizing apparatus having anannular impact wall; a rotor provided with impellers pivotally connected to the rotor body at one side oftheir centers of gravity and extending only part of the way from their pivots to'said wall, so as to leave at all times an unobstructed space --between the impeller and the wall, and so that the impellers are free to swing their longitudinal axes to and fro across those radii of the rotor in which,the impeller pivots are.

located, respectively, without touching the impeller wall; for the purpose of yieldingly on the material to be impelled outrounding wall.

-2. The combination with a disk; of a shaft fixed to the center ofthe. disk; a ball-andsocket support in which the shaft is journaled; and impellers pivotally mounted on the disk at one side of their centers of gravity respectively, said impellers being free to swing their axes to and fro across these radii of said rotor in which the impeller pivots are located respectively.

3. The comblnationwith a disk; of a shaft fixed to the center of the disk; a ball-andsocket support in which the shaft is journaled; impellers pivotally mounted on the disk at one side of their centers of gravity respectively, said impellers being free to swing their axes to and fro across those' radii of said rotor in which the impeller pivots are located respectively; and yielding means to normally hold the shaft in vertical position.

4. The combination with a shaft; of a sleeve having a portion that is the segment of a sphere; anti-friction bearings on opposite sides of the spheric portion; a socket to support said spheric portion; a rotary head fixed on the upper end of theshaft; impellers pivoted to the rotary head, said impellers being free to swing their axes toand fro across those radii of said rotor in which the impeller pivots are located respectively ;,and means at the lower end of the shaft to impart rotary action to the shaft.

5. In a centrifugal impact pulverizer; a rotor comprising a shaft, a head on said shaft, said head being constructed with two disks spaced apart, one above the other; centrifugally cushioned impellers pivoted be- 7 tween the disks; a universal joint; a bearing for the shaft; said bearing being located near the lower end of the shaft and supported bythe universal joint, and power applying means connected below the bearing to drive the shaft.

6. In apulverizer, the combination with a rotary disk, of an impeller pivoted by its inner end to the disk, said propeller being free to swing its axis to and fro across that radius of said disk which the pivot intersects, said inner end being rounded and the front and re r faces of said impeller being divergent from said rounded end; and means to feed material centrally to the disk.

7. In a pulverizer, the combination with a rotating disk [having a central boss; of impellers pivoted. by their inner ends to the disk around the boss; said inner ends being rounded and the'front sides ,of said impellers being'bent forwardly outward from the rounded portion to set up circular motion in material on the disk, and being bent rearward outwardly at their outer ends to allow the material to pass freely, and to give a final impetus to such material; said impeller being free to swing its axis to and fro past that radius of the disk which the pivot intersects.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand at San Francisco, California, this 1st day of December, 1913.

, DONN O. MARKS. In presence of MATTIE G. STIRLING,

M. ARNESON.

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