US1224612A - Mixer or carbureter for internal-combustion engines. - Google Patents

Description

0. P. D'AV IES. MIXER OR CARBURETER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY25.1912.

Patented May 1,1917.

' form a mixing leading to the engme cylm DAVID 1. DAVIES, 0F. MGINE,

WISCONSW, ASSKGNOR T0 J. 1. CASE 'THRESEKHG MACHINE COMPANY, OF EACINE, WISCONSIN, A CQR?0RATI@N.

MIXER 0R CARBUEETER FOR INTEENAL-COMBUS'EIQN ENGINES.

Specification of Letters Yatent.

Patented May 11, teat.

Application filed ma as, me. Serial in. 699,761.

To all whom it may camera:

Be it known that 1, DAVID P. DAVIES, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Racine, county of Racine, and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mixers or Carburetors for Internal-Combustion or Explosive Engines, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

The inventibn relates to mixers or carbureters for roviding explosive mixture to internal com ustion engines. The improvement seeks to provide a simple and effective construction which can be used with gasolens or with lower grade fuels, such as kerosene, naphtha and the like, or in which gasolene can be employed for starting the engine, and the lower grade fuel, such as kerosene, for running the engine under load.

The improvement also seeks to provide means for supplying water to the explosive mixture, the amount being automatically varied in accordance with the speed of the engine or the-load thereon.

The invention consists in the features of improvement hereinafter set forth, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings, view of the preferred Figure 1 is a sectional form of the improved carbureter 0r mixer. Fig. 2 is a detail section on the line 22 of Fi 1. Fig. 3 is a section illustrating a modi ed form of the supplemental air inlet valve and the water pp y- The improved mixer or carburetor comprises a body portion 1 which is hollow to chamber 2. The body portion 1 is mounted upon a casting 3 which forms part of the supply pipe or manifold der or cylinders.

bottom of the mixing chamber communicates with the supply pipe or manifold 3.

At one side the vided with a main A discharge P011141: in the mixing chamber is proinlet port 5 which communicates with a downturned elbow 6 secured to the body portion 1. The air supplied'through the elbow or pipe 6 is preferably heated by the exhaust of the engme in any suitable or desired manner. To regulate the flow of air through the pipe or elbow 6, the downwardly extending portion thereof is provided with a throttle or but- 'nozzle or sleeve 13.

-of the elbow6 by bolts 17 terfiy valve 7 mounted upon a cross shaft 8. At its outer end, the shaft is provided with a handle 9 by which itmay be manually ad- ]usted. The handle 9 is preferably somewhat resilient and is provided with. an oil'- set 10 at its outer end arranged to engage any one of a series of holes 11 in a segment 12 secured to the side ofthe elbow or inlet ipe 6, and thereby hold the valve 7 usted position.

The main air inlet port 5 between the upper end of the part 6 and the mixing chamber 2 is preferably provided with a contracted, nozzle-like sleeve 13 arranged within the upper portion of the part 6 adacent the mixing chamber. A fuel supply pipe 1 1 projects laterally through the upper portion of the elbow 6 and into the nozzlelike or contracted air inlet port of the mixing chamber. The inner end portion of the pipe 14 is preferably upturned, as shown, and is provided with a horizontal end face adjacent the upper wall of the The pipe 14 is fixed at its outer end to a boss 15 on the rear wall of a small fuel supply vessel 16. This vessel is secured to the upper outer portion and the boss 15 thereon projects through an opening into the upper part of the elbow 6.

In the form shown, the supply vessel 16 is divided by a transverse partition 18 into two compartments, one for gasolene and the other for a lower grade fuel, such as kerosene, naphtha, distillate or the like. These compartments are'each provided with an inlet pipe 21 opening into its lower portion and with an overflow pipe 22 which communicates with a pi e 23 leading back to the main supply tan During the operation of the engine, kerosene or gasolene, are pumped from the main supply tanks through the supply pipes 21 into the compartments. The liquid fuel is maintained at a constant level in these compartments, since any excess therein will flow back to the main supply tanks, through the pipes 22 and 22'. The partition 18 is enlarged. at its lower end to form the casing 19 of a threeway valve 20. This three-way valve is preferably a conical plug valve and is held in position by a spring 23 coiled about the inner reduced end portion 24 of the valve and arranged between a washer 25 and a washer 26. The washer 25 is connected to in adthe reduced portion 24 b a pin 25' and the washer'26 engages a s oulder 27 on the valve casing 19. The outer reduced end or stem portion 28 of the valve is provided with a handle 29. The valve is provided with ports 30 arranged at right angles and adapted to communicate with two diametrically opposite ports 31 which lead from the compartments. A vertical bore 32 leads upwardly from the valve through the partition 18 and'intersects a horizontal bore 33 extending through the partition and communicating with the fuel supply pipe 14. The outer end of the horizontal bore 33 is closed b a plug 34. A needle valve 35 is threade into the upper enlarged end of the vertical bore 30 and. is arranged to be I shifted to and from a seat at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical bores 32'and 33 and control the flow of fuel therethrough.

The upper end of the needle valve is provided with a toothed adjusting wheel 36 which is arranged to be engaged by a spring catch 37 fixed to the Wall of the vessel 16, so that the needle valve can be held in ad justed position. By shifting the three-way valve 20 either one of the compartments in the vessel 16 can be connected to the pipe 14 to thereby supply either gasolene or kerosene to the mixer. Stops 38 are preferablyprovided on the face of the vessel 16 and cooperate with a stop lug 39 on the handle 29 to limit the movement of the three-way valve. p

The flow of mixture from the carbureter to the en e cylinder is controlled by a throttling utterfly valve 40 which is preferably mounted upon a cross shaft within the discharge port 4 at the lower portion of the mixing chamber 2. This valve is mounted upon a cross-shaft 41 and, if desired, its position may be regulated b hand. Preferably an arm 42 on the sha t 41 is connected by a rod 43 to a centrifugal or like governor driven from the engine, so that the throttle valve is shifted to control the engine speed under a varying load.

The upper portion of the mixing chamber closed by a cap piece comprising upper lower plates 44 and 45 which are provided with central openings and which are connected, adjacent the central openings therein by vertical portions 46. The opening 47 1n the lower plate 45 forms a supplemental air inlet port at the upper part of the mixing chamber 2 and air is supplied 'to this port through the openings between the uprights 46. Preferably, these openings are covered by an annular screen 48 extending between the outer edge portions of the plates 44 and 45 to guard against the entranceof dust and dirt.

The supplemental air inlet port 47 is controlled by a disk valve 49 mounted on the lower end of a stem 50 and having a layer stem 50.-is guided by a spider 52 which ex-' tends between the upright parts 46 and the upper end of the stem is guided in a. sleeve 53,, which is. carried by a threaded tubular part 54 on the upper end of a head piece 55. The latter is provided with a flange 56 which extends over and is secured to the plate 44.

' A spring 57 coiled about the tubular part 54 extends between an adjustable, flanged nut 58 on the upper end of the valve stem 50 and an adjusting flanged nut 59 threaded on the tubular part 54. By adjusting the nuts 58 and 59, the tension on the spring 57, which holds the valve 49 to its seat, can be varied as desired. Preferably, a lock nut 60 is arranged to hold the adjusting nut 59 in position.

A water inlet pipe 61 communicates with a bore 62 formed in the part 55 and with a Water inletport 63 which opens throu h a beveled valve seat 64 on the lower face 0 the part 55. A valve 65 is slidably mounted upon the valve stem 50 and is held in engagement with the valve seat 64 by a spring 66 coiled about the valve stem and extending between the valve 65 and the spider 52. The water inlet port 63 is controlled by a needle valve 67 which is threaded through a stufiing box 68. An adjusting wheel 69 on the outer end of the needle valve is preferably provided with teeth and is arranged to be engaged by a spring catch 70 to thereby hold the needle valve in adjusted position.

The part of the casting 55 above the valve seat 64 is hollowed out and provided with openings in its sides. A nut 71 within this portion is adjustably threaded upon the valve stem 50 and when the valve 49 and stem 50 have opened to a certain extent, the nut 71 engages and shifts the valve 65 to thereby open the water inlet port 63.

In operation, 'the engine is preferably started with gasolene and, afterthe workmg parts are heated up, is then operated with kerosene or the like. The mlxer or carbureteris connected to the inlet of the above the level of the liquid in the compart ments of the vessel 16, so that the liquid fuel is drawn into the mixing chamber by the injector-like action of the air passing through the inlet port 5. With anelbow shaped inlet pipe it is found that more air passes through the upper portion of the inlet port employed, it is desirable to admix a certain amount of water with the charge when the engine is running under moderate or heavy loads. Otherwise with lower grade of fuels, the charge cannot be highly compressed without causing pie-ignition thereof. It is also desirable that the amount of water shall be automatically varied in accordance with the load upon the engine. In the present construction, the supplemental air inlet valve 49 is'held light 7 to its seat by the spring 57 and it is automatically opened by the suction within the mixing chamber and the engine supply p pe 3. Under light loads, the supplemental air inlet valve will be opened to a slight extent, but will not move far enough to open the valve 65. Under moderate or heavy loads, the adjustable nut or abutment 71on the ,valve stem 50 will engage. the valve and open the water port 68, so that the Water is injected into the mixing chamber through the supplementalair inlet #17. The throttle valve a0 interposed betwen the mixing chamher and the engine cylinders may be hand controlled, if desired, in accordance with the varying load upon the engine, butis preferably governor controlled, so that the amount of suction developed within the mixing chamber and the extent to which the valve 49 is opened is dependent upon the load. The amount of air and also, what is more important, the amount of water admixed with the charge is thus automatically controlled in accordance with the load upon the engine. The abutment 71 may be adjusted on the valve stem 50, so that the water valve will be open, as required by the different conditions under which the engine is operated.

The water is supplied to the pipe 61 under slight pressure, and preferably by the pump which circulates the cooling water through the jacket of the engine cylinder. passes through the port 63 it strikes upon the beveled face of the valve 65 and isefiectively atomized.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 3, the part 55 is mounted directly upon the upper end of the body portion 1 and the water inlet port 63 opens through the beveled seat 72 of the supplemental air inlet valve 49 which is shaped to fit the beveled seat. This construction may be advantageously employed to supply water to the mixture, in ac 'cordance with the load upon the engine, but whenever the supplemental air inlet valve 65 49 is opened to furnish additional air to As it.

the mixture, the water port 63 is also opened, and, preferably, and water ports are controlled by separate valves, as shown in the construction in Fig. 1, so that admit some additional air under light loads and only admit water under moderate or heavy loads. Under light loads, the, admission of water decreases the efliciency of the engine somewhat, but under heavy loads,

is highly desirable, as stated, in order toprevent ,the pre-ignition of the charge when highly compressed in the engine cylinders. The fuel supply vessel 16 is preferably-provided with a cover 7 igwhich closes the upper ends of the compartments therein. In the form shown in Fig. 3, the bore 62 is provided with a test cock 74.

It is obvious that numerous changes may be made in the details set forth without departure from the essentials of the invention as defined in the claims.

I claim as my invention a 1. A mixer or carbureter for explosive engines comprising a mixing chamber having a discharge port and having main and supplemental air inlets provided with ports opening directly into said mixing chamber, a fuel supply pipe opening, into said main air inlet, a water supply having a port adjacent said supplemental air inlet port, a spring-held, automatically operating valve arranged to control said supplemental air inlet portand chamber and thereby automatically regulate.

the extent of movement of said spring-held valveand the amount of supplemental air and of water admitted thereby to said mixing chamber in accordance with the load on the engine, substantially as described.

2. A mixer or carburetor for explosive engines comprising a body portion ha ling a mixing chamber with main and supplemen tal air-inlet ports opening through its side and upper portions respectively and a discharge port at its lower portion, a fuel supply pipe opening into said inlet port, a spring-held, downwardly-opening valve controlling said supplemental air-inlet port, a water-supply having a port adjacent said supplemental air-inlet, a valve controlling said wawr-supply port, and means connected to said supplemental air-inlet valve for opening said water-supply valve after a predetermined movement of said air valve, substantially as described.

3. A mixer or carbureter for explosive engines comprising a mixing chamber having main and supplemental air-inlet ports and a discharge port, a fuel supply pipe opening into said main air-inlet port, a springheld valve controlling said supplemental airinlet port, a water-supply having a port outthese valves may be set to the supplemental air inletpipe extending through sa side ofsaid supplementalair-inlet, a SPfingheld. valve normally closing said water supply port, and a part adjustably connected to said su plemental air-inlet valve' ioropening s'ai water supply valve, substantially as described.

4. A mixer or carbureter for explosive en- .air inlet, a water supply having a port above said supplemental air-inlet, a spring-held,

valve normally closing said port, and apart for opening said water supply valve adjustably connected to the stem of said supplemental air-inlet valve, substantially as described.

5. A mixer or carbureterfor explosive engines comprising a body portion having a mixing chamber withv main and 'supplemental air-inlet ports opening through its side and upper portions respectively and a; dischargeport at-its lower portion, a fuel supas described.

ply pipe opening into said inlet port, a spring-held, downwardly opening valve controlling said supplemental air-inlet port,

a water supplypipe communicating wlth a port above said supplemental air-inlet, a spring-held valve on the stem of said airinlet valve normally closi said Water-supply port, anabutment a d ustably threaded on said valve-stem for opening said watersupplly valve and a throttle valve in the disc arge port from said mixing chamber.

6. A mixer orcarbureter for explosive engines comprising a mixing chamber having a contracted air-inlet port opening through its side wall, an elbow communicating with said air inlet port, a fuel supply chamber, a pipe leading therefrom, extending horizontally through the upper' portion of said elbow, and'provided' with an upturned end within said air inlet port and having a substantially horizontal end face, substantially Witnesses:

HARRY L; CLAPP, KATHARINE Gnnmom,

DAVID P. DAVIES;

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