US1220369A - Shear and shear-operating mechanism. - Google Patents

Description

E. E. SLICK. SHEAR AND SHEAR OPERATING MECHANISIVI.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22,19I2.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I E. E. SLICK.

SHEAR AN'D SHEAR OPERATING MECHANISIVI.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 22, I9I2.

Patented. Mar. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. E. SLICK. SHEA AND SHEAR OPERATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION FlLED 1ULY22119I2.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

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WITNESSES @Az *gg/@l E E. SUCKl SHEAR AND SHEAR OPERATING MECHANISM.

APPLICATION men 1uLY22,1912.

lgg Patented Mar. 27,1917.

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EDWIN E. SLICK, 0F PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

suena AND sHEAn-QPEMTING mecanicista.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 27, 1917.'

Application led July 22, 1912. Serial No. 710,775.

My invention `relates t'o apparatus used in cuttin long multiple length blanks into a series o shorter or single blanks and more particularly to apparatus by which long multiple length' blanks of cylindrical cross section are severed transverselyby a series vof successive cutting operations into short single blanks or cheeses and the invention still further relates to -a novelV shear operat- .ing mechanism whereby the movement of the Acutters or shear knives in severing the blanks is regulated vand controlled.

. The shear mechanisms of Figures 1 to 4 and Figs. 5 and'6 are modifications of the shear mechanisms shown in my prior Patents Nos. 965,034 and 965,037. k

@ne object of my invention is to provide ashear mechanism having improved means whereby long cylindrical materials are severed transversely into pieces and having novel means by which the cut edges of the blank are cut cleanly and whereby the side surfaces of the blanksv are compressed by the Severin operation. l

Anot er object of this invention is to provide a hydraulic shear having oppositely facing reciprocating shear knives and having novel means whereby the operative cutting vmovements'of the cutters on the shear are regulated and controlled and are caused to travel at a uniform rate of speed.

Another object of the invention is to provide a shear having oppositely extending reciprocating shear blades adapted to operate simultaneously on opposite sides of a cylindrical blank in. severing pieces from the blank.

A further object of this invention is to provide a shear'construction having oppo- -"sitely facing reciprocating shear knives and 'having novel means for actuating said shear A still further object of this invent-'Lon is to `provide a shear having novel means whereby the reciprocating shear knives are guided in their backward and forward movements and are maintained in alinement during the cutting movements thereof.

Referring to the accompanying drawings form1ng part of this specification, Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation showing shearing apparatus constructed and arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a plan o f the shearing apparatusand the equallzlng mechanism by which the opposing .shear knives are controlled and caused "/to travel at a uniform rate of speed. Fig.

6 is a sectional end elevation of the equalizlng mechamsm forming part of this inventlon, the section being taken on the line III-HI of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sectional end elevation on the line IV-IV of Fig. k1, show.

ing the shear` mechanism.

l Fig. 5 is a sectional side elevation showmg shearing lapparatus of modified conknives and.` knife guiding struction, formed in accordance withl my invention shownin Fig.

Fig. 6 is a plan of the apparatus Fig. 7 is a plan showing the shear operating mechanism forming part of this invention as applied for use onva modified Aform of shear. Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of the shear mechanism of Fig. 7.

ln the drawings referring to the construci tion in Figs. 1 to A4, the numerals 2 and 3 deslgnate. opposltely facing, oppositely tapering, horizontally reciprocating shear y knives, each shear knife being detachably secured at one end by a pin or bolt 4 to the outer end of the pistons 5, 6 which are voperatively mounted within the double-acting hydrauliccylinders 7 and 8.

The cylinders 7 and 8 are provided with stung boxes 9 and glands 10 through which the Aforward ends of'the pistons 5 and 6 project and the rear or outer ends of the cylinders 7 and 8 have cylinder heads 7, 8.a, removably secured thereon by means of 'the split or sectional rings 9a, the ring sections 9E being secured together by fastening bolts 10a.

` the cylinders 7 and'8 are flanges or shoulders 15 and the inner ends of these cylinders are provided with annular grooves in which the segments 'of. 'theisplit rings 16 are secured. The cylinders'? and 8 are mounted with their axes inialinement in a vertical plane, in the supports formed on opposite 30 relative to the supports therefor.

' the cylinder 8 in a vertical plane.

At an intermediate point in the length ofthe base on opposite sides of the shear knives 2 and 3 are detachable shoes 18 'forming guides for the, shear knives 2 and 3,

l these shoes being rigidly secured in position 'segmental ring on the oppositely facing lugs 20 formed integrally on the base 17 for that purpose.

In securing the cylinders in position on the base 17 the stuffing box ends of the cyl-v inders are inserted within the cylindrical openings in the opposite ends of the base 17 and the segmental rings 16 are then placed within the annular grooves in the stuing box ends of the cyllnders. The cylinders are then moved backwardly within the cylindrical supports therefor until one face` of the rings 16 is in engagement with the end of the cylindrical -cylinder support forming part 'of the base 17. A split or 21 is then secured around the cylinders and 8 between the lugs 15 von the cylinders and the outer ends of the c linder supports forming part of the b'ase 17, the thickness of these rings 21'be1ng made such as will, when in place, prevent any lengthwise movement of the cylinders vWhile this manner of securing the cylinders on the base is preferred, for the reason that the use of fastening bolts which are in tension or in shear is avoided, it is 'obvious that other means may be employed to fasten thev cylinders in place upon the cylinder supports.

It is important that the movement of the oppositcly extending shear knivesis controlled and the knives caused to advance in their cutting stroke at the same rate of speed so that the depth of the notch or groove formed in the opposite sides of the blank in severing a piece or section from the Imultiple length blank will be the same on opposite sides of the axial center thereof.'

In order to control and cause the istons 5 and 6 to move forwardly in the cy inders at the `desired uniform rate of s eed, the inlets on the outer ends of the cyhnders 7 and 8.are connected by the pipes 13, 14to an e ualizer, constructed in a novel manner to e ect such result. One endof the pipes 13, 14 is connected to one or the other of the smaller twin cylinders'22 and 23 and extending within each .cylinder through the stuiling'box end of these single acting cylinders 22 and 23 is a plunger 25. The outer ends of the plungers 25 are connectedto a cr'oss head 26 which is rigidly secured by means of the tie rods 27 to a cross head 28.

' The cross head 28 is mounted on the outer inderI 30 formingY artof the eqnalizing mechanism which a so serves as` an lntensier. 4 n A iiuid plressure supplyv pipe 31 is connccted to t e single 'actingcylinder 30, to

supply fluid pressure for actuating the piston 29 -inits outward movement.

Located on one'side of the shearknives is a work support, by means of which the multiple length blank is'held in position during the Severin operations and.. on which the blank is ge the shear knives after thesuccessive blank cutting operations, comprising a series of anti-friction rollers '32, which may be posid forwardly `between- 8 5 support above right angles to the plane in which the shear knives 2 and 3 are moved in cutting pieces from the multiple length blank.

In the operation of my improved apparatus shownin Figs. 1'to 4, the parts being assembled withthe shear. knives in retracted osition, as shown, a multiple length blank 1s delivered' upon the support formed by the anti-friction rollers 22 into position between the shear knivesf2 and 3.

.Fluid pressure is then admitted by means of a suitable controllin valve throu h the supply pipe 31 into t e larger hy raulic cylinder 30 forming part of the intensifying and equalizing mechanism.

The piston 29 is thereby caused to move outwardly within the cylinder 30 and, through the connecting mechanism, the pistons 25 and 26 in the twin cylinders 23 and 24 are caused to move 4inwardly and dis-.

place the fluid contained therein, causin it to {iow through the supply pipes 13 an 14 into the outer ends of the double4 actin shear cylinders 7 and 8. As the amount o fiuid displaced by each cylinderis the same, the pistons 5 and 6 in the cylinders 7 and 8 are 1n this. way caused to move forwardly an equal distance and at a uniform rate of speed.

The forward movement of the pistons 5 and 6 advances each of the oppositely facing reciprocating shear knives 2 and 3 and the tapering cutting edges of these shear knives are thereby caused to approach and engage the opposite sides of the blanks supported therebetween so as to have its forward end projecting beyond the faces of the shear knives. The continued forward movement of the shear knives 2 and 3 causes the tapering faces on the opposite knives to gradually kapproach each other, and the blank being caused -to rotate on the antifriction' rollers 32 by frictional engagement with the shear knives, a gradually deepened cut is made in the faces of the blank and a piece'of the blank of the desired thickness thereby severed from the. multiple length blank.

Whenthe istons 5 and 6 reach the end of their forwarcpl stroke the heels of the tapering shear blades will be substantially in contact at a point in line with the vertical axis of the blank being severed and the piece being cut from the blank will be entirely severed therefrom.

Fluid pressure, preferably supplied by an accumulator, is then admitted into the pipes 12, 12 on\the opposite or stuffing box ends of the cylinders 7 and 8 and the pistons 5 and 6 are retracted or moved backwardly in their respective cylinders until again in the position shown. The water or other fluid in the rear of the plungers' and 6 in the cylinders 7 and 8 is thereby displaced and is caused to pass from the cylinders 7 and 8 into the cylinders 23pand 24. As the water is again caused to enter the cylinders 23 and 24 the plungers 25 and 26 therein are moved outwardly until again in the position shown in Fig. 2, and the outward movement of the plungers 25 and 26 through the rods 27 cause the plunger 29 to move backwardly within the cylinder 30, the three-way operating valve, (not shown), on the supply pipe 31 to the cylinder 30 permitting the water or other fluid in the cylinder 30 to be exhausted therefrom.

The abovedescribed operations are thenx repeated as often as is found necessary'in cutting a multiple length blank into the de sired number of pieces with the apparatus of Figs. 1 to 4.

One of the distinctive features of my apparatus is that, notwithstanding the fact that I may prefer to make the shear blades of triangular cross section with one side substantially at right yangles to the -axis of the material to be cut and the other side at a different angle thereto, the flow of the metal in cutting the bar or bloom with my knives is such that the pieces are cut oft' with their ends substantially at right angles to their axes, and in the case of a cylindrical bloom or bar, this results 1n producing a serles of right cylinders.

In the modified construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the curved shear knives 35 and 36 are reciprocated in oppositely curved paths, the curves defining the paths of movement of the heels of the shear knives being tangent at the' intersection of these lines with the vertical axis of the blank being cut.

The knives 35, 36, which taper in opposite directions, are removably secured on the shear knife supports 38 pivoted by'the pins 37 to the frame or base of the shear and the bell cranks forming the knife supports 38 are connected together by means of the arm 39 which is pivoted to the bell cranks 38 by pins 40. One end of the arm 39 is connected by the links 41 to the cross head 42 on the end of the plunger 43 which extends through the outer or stuing box end of the single acting hydraulic cylinder 44. The cross head on the outer end of the plunger 43 is provided with a shoe 42a which is supported on the tail 45 forming a slide therefor on the shear base 46 upon which the cylinder 44 is removably secured by bolts 47.

0n the opposite end of the base 46, the single acting pull-back cylinder 48 is provlded with a plunger 49 extending through the outer or stuiiing box end thereof, and the cross head 50 on the outer end of the plunger is connected by links 51 to one end of the arm 39. The plunger 49 also has a slide 52 by which its outer end is supported on the tail 53, this tail being removably secured in position on the shear support 46.

In the shear construction shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the ports 54 and 55 on the cylinders 44 and 48 are connected by supply pipes to a pump or other source of fluid pressure supply, a suitable valve or pair of valves being provided on the supply pipes to regulate and control the How of iiuid4 pressure `into and out of the cylinders in operatin the shear in the usual known manner. Ti e opposed shear lmives 35 and 36 being connected t0- gether and operated by a single cylinder', the equalizing mechanism of Fig. 2 is lnot employed.

Feed rollers 56, having concave faces, form a delivery table by which multiple length blanks are delivered endwise into cutting position between the shear knives and by which a support is provided for the blank during the cutting operations. The base 46 is provided with a slot or opening 57 therein through which the blank is passed axially or lengthwise into cutting position between the shear knives 35 and 36.

ln the operation of the apparatus of Figs. 5 and 6 a multiple length blank being placed in position by means of the delivery table formed by the rollers 56 so` as to bring its end into positionbetween the oppositely facing shear knives 35 and 36, fluid pressure is admitted to thepylin'der 44 and the plunger 43 is caused to move outwardly therein. IThe plunger 43 in moving outwardly actuates the bell cranks 38 by means of the links 41 and cross head 42 so as to cause the shear knives 35' and 36 to move toward each other, and, as the cutting edges of the shear knives 35 taper in opposite directions, the cutting edges of the shear knives gradually approach each other in a vertical as well as in a horizontal direction, and, engaging with opposite sides of the multiple length blank,

. an annular groove is. formed of uniform" depth on' opposite sides of the axis of the blank and, when i the heels of the s hear knives are opposite each other in a horizonl! -tal plane, 'the -piece of the metal extending beyond the/vertical ment of Ithe shear ives 4will be severed from the multiple length blank.

Fluid pressure' is 'then admitted to the rear end of the pull-back cylinder 48 and the piston 49 therein, which has been'caused to enter the cylinder during the cutting movement of the shear knives by the outward movement of the plunger43 and the connecting mechanism is thereby moved outwardly until again in the position shown in Fig. 5. This movement of the plunger-i9 causes the shear knives to move away from each other until again in the position shown in Fig. 5. The multiple length blank is then moved axially or-endwise until its forward end projects the desired distance beyond the cutting edges of the shear knives and the 'above described operationsare again repeated.

1 The cutting movements `of the shear knives 35, 36 are then repeated in the above v described manner as often as is found necessary in cutting a multiple length blank into pieces of the desired length.

VVith'the` shearing apparatus of Figs. 7 and 48 two sets of relatively movable shear knives are employed, the opposed knives 58 and 59 forming oneset being `movable in a lane atright anglesto that of the' opposed ives .60 and 61 forming the other of the l two sets. i

With this shear construction two equalizing mechanisms preferably are employed,

the cylinders 22", 23 of one equalizerzbeing connected by pipes 13, 14n with the `inlets 62 and 63 on the rear ends of the' cylinders 71 which are mounted in the double-acting cylinders 64 and 65 and the shear knives 60 and 61 on the ends of similar pistons 72 and 73 mounted so as to reciprocate in the cylinders 68 and 69.

The cylinders 64, 65, and 68, 69 each have an inlet port 74 by which the outer ends of 'd the cylinders are connected to a source of Huid pressure, whereb the pistons are caused to move rearwar y into the position shown in the drawings and move the shear lane of cutting move-- knives backwardly into `the-retracted position shown in the drawings, and the cylinders are secured in the frame 75 so as to have their axes in alinement inl one plane, the shear being mounted by means of the frame 75 upon a .suitable foundation 76.

In the operation of the shearing apparatus shown in Figs. 7 and 8, when equipped with my improved equalizing mechanism, the water inlet 74 and the water inlets 31,

31"- on the large cylindersof the equalizing mechanism are connected by means of suitable controlling valves with a source of fluid pressure`su ply. The opposed pistons 70 and? 1, having the knives 58 and 59 thereon are moved in unison through the medium o one equalizi mechanism and the opposed pistons 72 an ' 73'andshear knives 60 and 61 thereon are moved by means of the second ualizer, thev small cylinders 22"., 23 of ich are connected with these shear cylnders so that in effect two separate and independently operated shears are employed.

The- shear knives 58 and 59 are first caused to approach in their cuttingstroke so as to sever the material between the knives from opposite outer surfaces toward the axial cen- ,ter of the material, on account of the curved mechanism for each pair of the shear knives shown in the construction of Figs. 7 and 8, a single equalizer may be employed, in which case a suitable valve to connect each shear cylinder tothe small cylinders of the equalyizer would be used 'so as to direct fluid pressure alternately into the cylinders 64 and 65 and cylinders 68 and 69.

The advantages of my Vinvention will be apparent to those skilled in the art. By means of-my novel shearing apparatus a hydraulic shear is provided having novel means by which long cylindrical blanks are quickly severed into a .series of cylindrical ieces of the secured length, and a hydrauic shear having oppositely facing reciprocating shear knives is had in which the reciprocating movements of the opposed shear knives are controlled and equalized and the shear knives are caused to travel an equal distance and at a uniform rate of speed.

Modifications in the construction and arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from my invention. The equaliz mechanism maybe omitted when esiredie construction of the shear lmives and supports therefor may be modilied, the supports for the blanks may be changed, and ot'er variations may be made in the construction and arrangement of the shear mechanisms without departing from my invention as defined in the claims. The equalizing mechanism forming part of this invention may be used with shearing apparatus other than that shown and other changes may be made within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim l. A shear comprising two opposed, oppositely facing, lengthwise tapering shear knives, said knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever material positioned therebetween from opposite sides toward the axial center of the material and being adapted to revolve the material about said axial center in the severing operations, the cutting faces on one side of said knives being in a plane substantially at right angles to the aforesaid axial center and the other cutting faces being in planes inclined at an angle to said axial center to thereby sever the material substantially at right angles to its axial center, and means for actuating said shear knives.

2. A shear comprising twoopposed, oppositely facing, lengthwise tapering shear knives, said knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever material positioned therebetween from opposite sides toward the axial center of the material and being adapted to revolve the material about said axial center in the severing operations, said knives having angular cutting faces with the faces on one side of the knives in the same plane, and means for causing a relative approach 4of the cutting, faces ofsaid knives and thereby cutting the material substantially at right angles to its axialcen.

ter.

' 3. A shear comprising two opposed, oppositely facing, lengthwise tapering shear knives, said knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever material positioned therebetween from opposite sides toward the axial center of the material and being adapted to revolve the material about said axial center in the severing operations, said knives having an ular cutting faces Y with the faces on one si .e thereof in `a plane perpendicular to the axial center of the material being cut, and means for actuating said shear knives to cause a relative approach of the cutting faces thereof and .thereby sever the materials substantially at right angles t'o the axial center thereof.

4. A shear comprising opposed recipro eating shear knives and means including fluid pressure cylinders for actuating said knives, said means being constructed and 80 arranged to cause a relative approach of the knives and move the knives at a uniform speed.

5. A shear comprising opposed reclproeating shear knives, said knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever materials placed therebetween from opposure cylinders'for actuating said knives, the

shear knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever materials placed therebetween from opposite sides toward the center thereof, and means for supplying fluid pressure to said cylinders, said means being arranged to cause a relative approach of the shear knives at a uniform rate of 7. A shear comprising two opposed oppositely tapering curved shear knives and means for actuating said knives to cause a relative approach of the curved cutting edges thereof, said shear knives being arranged tosimultaneously engage and sever the material placed therebetween from opposite sides toward the axial center of the material and to rotate the material being' severed during lthe cutting operations to thereby cutv the material at substantially right angles to the longitudinal axis thereon.

8. `A shear comprising two oppositely curved, Voppositely tapering, oppositely facing, and lengthwise oppositely movable shear knives, and means for actuating said sshear knives'lengthwise inopposite directions to cause a relative approach of the cutting edges thereof, said cutting edges being arranged to engage the material being cut simultaneously on opposite sides of the longitudinal axis thereon in the cutting operations, and to thereby rotate the material in severing, and cut the rotating material in a plane perpendicular to its axis of rotation.

9. A shear comprising two oppositely facing lengthwise movable curved shear knives, said shear knives having oppositely facing, oppositely tapering cutting edges, means for actuating said knives, said knives being arranged to simultaneously engage and sever the materials placed therebetween from opposite sides toward the center thereof and cut the material in aplane perpendicular to the axis of the material, and means for supporting' the material being severed during the cutting operations.

In testimony whereof,

Emana R. WAL, G. W. Nam.

'I have hereunto-set

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