US1206448A - Elevator. - Google Patents

Description

D. L. UNDQUIST.

ELEVATOR.

APPLlcATIoN FILED luNE 20. 1913.

l ,206,448. Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

O l 'l D. L. LINDQUIST.

ELEVATOR.

APPUCATIONv4 FILED luNE 20. m3.

1,206,448. 5 aned' Nov, 2S', 1916 '2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

AMM@ y. @MMM- l 2x/1%@ i I UNITED. PATENT OFFICE.

DAVID L. L INDQUIST, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY, OF NEW YORK,N. Y., A CORPORATION 0F NEW JERSEY. i

ELEVATOR.

' Toallwwm t may concern.'

Be it known thatv I, DAVID L. LINDQUIsT, a

Vsiibjectof .the King of Sweden, residingin Yonkers, 'in the county ofz New York and Stateof-New York, lhave invented anew. and; useful Improvement in Elevators, of

. w-hichthe following is a specification.`

`My=invention relates to elevators and .more particularly toautomatically con trolle'd `safety devices for elevators andhas. for an object, the provisionof a device forfl regulating the speed ofanelectric elevator.

Another 'objectof the invention is .the provision of a centrifugal device fon-slow'-` ing downfad stopping an electric-elevator v in the event of excessive'speed.'

l A further objectfof'lthe invention is the provision of means associatedwith the gov- Aernorwhich controls the mechanical safety clutch for preventing an elevator carA vfrom attaining-too high a speedy and tostop the normal speed is reached.

Other objects of the invention will appear hereinafter, the novel combinations of elements being pointed out in the annexed claims.

' latter in case a certain predetermined ab- In the drawings, Figure 1 represents an electric elevatorsystem containing an embodiment of my invention; Fig. 2 isan elevation view of the governor; Fig. 3 isa sectional plan view of F ig.l 2; Fig. 4; is` a diagrammatic view ofthe well known Ellithorpe safety device.

' Like reference characters `denote similar `parts in all of the figures.

Broadly speaking, "the invention consists, among other things, in circuit controlling switches associated with thel governor ofl the mechanical safety device whose func- `,tion is automatically toi control the hoisting motor to cause the latter to reduce its speed in case the elevator car be traveling too fast `ineither direction and to prevent vthe car from normally (exceeding this speed, and further to stop the car in case of abnormal speed conditions, both of which operations -take place before the governor operates the safety clutch. i f Y Referring toV Fig. '1, an elevator car C is adapted to be raised lor lowered by means of .an-electric motor AM which is operatively connected therewith through 'the usual worm gearing contained in the gear case I.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

designated by and switches.

Patented Nov. 2s, 1916.

' Application` Ied June 2D, 1913. Serial No. 774,746

` v'An electric brake'Becosacts'-fwith ybrake pulley which forms acoupling between the motor shaft and the worm` shaft, and operates in the usual manne'rto stop and hold the motor from' rotating when the current supply to the motor iscut o'if.; The lhoisting motor is controlled from the car by-means of a hand switch A which'yis adapted to close a circuit to the reversing switches R orl `Riand a fast speed switch F. fA'gpotential switch P is', normally in closed circuit' position as' shown and connects the electrical system with a suitable source offsupply l An accelerating magnet D controls-A the starting.resistancevl vHand automatically and gradually brings of the motor, while a resistance K Iis also. connectedin circuit with the shunt'field governor Qin" .a manner to bepointed out hereinafter.

Limit switches L and L are arranged in thev hatchway, and are adapted to be operated by a lcani carried on the car when the latter 'reaches its normal limit of travel in either.. direction. A small switch E is located in. the car, and is for the purpose of enabling f and is controlledby the the operator to stop the car at any point in its travel incase of emergency.l The safetyL clamp illustrated diagrammatically in Fig.

4 is merely typical and is here shown as the well known Ellithorpe safety device, and

comprises a pair of clamping jaws 2 and 3 which are adapted to engage, the guide rails 8, 8, whenpthe drum 4 is rotated to force outwardly the right and left threaded screws fand 6, respectively. The drum eis connected through a safety cable 7 to the governor cable 9, .which in turn is connected to and driven by the elevator car through the .yielding connection comprising the releasing carriei' l0. The governor cable drives' the centrifugal governor G located at the `top of the hatchway and is maintainedkunder a tension by a weight, llat the lower end of the hatchway. Associated with the governor and operated thereby is a double f ,set of cable clamps l2 and 13, which are adapted to grasp the governor cable on both sides' of the. governor sheave le, when the car exceeds a predetermined speed and thus gg i *A 1,208,448

i go and the further movement of the carin either vdirection of travel resultszin unwindingY the safety cable 7 from the druJn 4,

thereby rotating the latter to effect the actuation of the rail gripping clamplngjaw's 2 Vand 3 of Fig. 4 to stop thev car. Y'

new over the standard practice in elevator -construction, .but I propose to go farther by i` providing-electric circuit controlling devices. which are-operated by the Vgovernorin ac-. cordance withv the speed of the elevator to effect the control of the eleva-tor' and to eifect the stop of Vthe elevator by disconnecting th'e hoisting motor from the vsupply circuit and A provision of means associated with the gov applyingthe brake incase thespeed of the motorbecomes excessively high.V The governor is arranged toV eect this-automatic control of the motor before the car shall'have reached a speed sufficient to enable the gever?" nor to operate the governor cable cla1nps712 and 13. and apply the rail safety clamps, j

` Another v:feature -of- .the invention is* the ernor. clamps 12 and-13 whereby .the latter will graspVV the governor cable 9 witha yield.-Y

` g ing pressures'o` as toobviate all danger of breakage of the same-'in case the carshould fcontinue to move after-the rail' clamp. 'safety invention, I will .describe lthe same somewhat Vhasbeen fully applied and further' to pre- Event a' too powerful action offsaid rail clampv safety. Y. L,

mechanism form van important part of the .'Referringmorelparticularly to Figs; and

3, `theshea-ve 14 is `rotated by the governor.

Ycable 9 during the travel of the elevator car,

V.and this `sheave is 'connected throughv Ythe usualgbevel gearing .to theV fly balls 19, 19,

- the brackets 28, 2 8, andthese shafts areV adapted to'ha-ve a bodily as well as a ro`l which-areadapted when subjected to centrif- -ugalforce to -raise a lever .20V against the action ofthe governor spring V21 and one or-more `adjustable' weights' 22, 22. This vlever 20 lis connected through the rods Y23,

r23, to cranks 24 and 25, which-are secured to' shafts 26 V.and 27, Y respectively,`. adapted te, rotate'.v in-brackets or support'si 28, 28. Other shafts 29, 29, are also carried by ets. 28, 28," owing lto thejslots 30, 30, in which the ends'of these shafts-are located.

:Ea-ch ofthe. shafts 29', 261,A 27 and 29, loosely arranged inintermeshing pairs, and the corresponding vclampsv 32 being likewise arcarries a segmental gear such as 31 which is 'securedto or 'formed integralewlth agrooved periphery -cable clamp 32', said gears being ranged in pairsand adapted tofwedge upon and '4 clamp thef'governor'cable 9 whenthe the cable clamps 32.

said gears and clamps 'are rotated by the governor; Each clamp 32 of a pair of clamps is provided withfanintegral member mally engagedby a spring pressed latch 34 which prevents the rotation of the segmental 'such as" 37, to which is secured a stop 36, nor! gears and clamps 32. A cam 33 is secured to i to be rotated by the governor in engagement with a `ceeacting cam such as 35 carried upon f each of the shafts 26and .27,1and-is adapted vThe description thus far involves nothing 80, the operation of the rail clamp safety. AIn case gravity should failto effect the opera# tion ofthe governor clamps, a further movement of the cams 33, 33, carries them into engagement'with Vthejstops`36 'and each'of the: members '37, 37, will'Y be carriedv up.

wardlyby the governor positively to actuate In order'that thecable clamps inlay not`V I wedge the governor cable too tightly and Y9o "thereby make it possible to fracture or unduly strain the same when therail clamps i 30, l It will readily be seen thatthe wedging action'of the cable clamps upon vthe ,Y governor cable will tendvto move'said clamps f Since .the governor Land its, associated away from eachother and thereby'further set of clamps away from 'its co-acting clampV will'tfend to carry the corresponding segmentalgears out of mesh witheach other',vthe

`teethof thesegears aremade of such lengthv are applied I provide heavy compression g springs 38, 38,*which bearagainst the shafts 29, 29, and acting through the members 39,`

. 'I' 39,.force'them toward oneend ofthe slotsA thata completeunmeshing .can never take Y place under any conditions'and theclamps will always move simultaneously.v

The electrical features associated with theh'i governor comprise a pair of cams 15 and-16 (see FigsJl and-3 which aresecued to the shaft 27 andrespond to everyfmovement of the governor, A circuit controllingswitch.

17 is'adapted to be closed by the cam 15` while vanother switch 18 with normally. l

closed contacts is adapte-d to'befopenedby thecam 16, the switch 17 being arranged to operate before: the` switch 18, vand both switches operate beforeA the governor has reached a. speed vsufficient to actuatethe rail clamp safety.. v. The operation ofA an electric elevator conltalning an embodiment of myinventionfmay be seen from the followingdescription of IFig., 1,5 Assuming the potential switch P is i'n closed position as shown, a self holding circuitV for this switch is' established from -tion,runtil it engages the switch contact 42.

A circuit may now be traced through the magnet of the reversing switch R and thel lattervv operates to close a circuit from the main line to the armature and ieldv of the motor and the brake. A circuit is also closed to accelerating magnet D in parallel with the motor armature andthis magnet auto- :matica'lly and 'gradually short-circuits the starting resistance H by successively closing the contacts 44, 45, 46, and 47, in the order named inY accordance Vwith the varying .counter electromotive force of the motor.

The motor now operates at normal slow speed7 the'resistance K being 1n series with the shunt field winding, while the resistance J, is short circuited by` the' contacts' of thefast and slow speed magnet switch F. The operator next moves the car` switch lever onto contact 43, thereby closing a circuit to the magnet winding of switch F ,providing the entire startingresistance has I'irst been short circuited and the contacts 48 in-en- Ygag'ement with each other. Assuming such to be the case, theswitch F operates to remove the short circuit around the resistance -J and the latter is inserted inthe shunt field winding ofthe motor and the motor at once assumes full normal speed with weakened field. A

IfV for any reason the elevator should travel too fast, the governor will rotate the cam 15 to effect the closingiof the switch 17 It will be observed that the contacts of this switch are connected in parallel to the re- .,sistances J and K, hence the closing of these contacts establishes a' short circuit across both Vof these resistances and thereby substantially strengthening the motor field tending to effect a slow down of the motor. The'conditions may be suchthat the motor does slow down, and if such is the case the governor will at once respond to said speed reduction andpermit the switch 17 to open,

and 4thereby reinsert the resistance K in the shunt field .circuit tending to eiiect anincrease in motor speed. Should the speed be increased, the governor will again operate to decrease it." From this it is seen that speed will be maintained substantially constant and cannot under normal conditions become excessive. o Y

If, for some reason,the speed should become excessive the governor will rotate the cam 16 inV position. toropen the switch 1S, thereby open-circuiting the self holding magnet of the potential switch P and the latter drops its contacts, thereby opening the motor circuit and applying the brake to stop the motor and hoist. Should the elevator further increase its speed due to some abnormal cause, the governor operates the clamps 12and 13 to arrest-the governor cable 9 and any further movement of the car pulls this cable loose from the car at the releasing carrier 10, and the safety -drum isv rotated to apply .the rail clamps, with a pressure or re- .tarding power which is predetermined but is always` ample to stop the car with the heaviest load it will ever be calledupon tov carry. 1

The foregoingoperations'will take place regardless of the direction of` car travel, since the direction of rotation ot the govsol ernor sheave has no bearing on its operation,

ing factor.

-l/Vhile I have shown* and described `a typicalelectric-elevator system in which is used a shunt wound direct current hoisting motor, it is to be understood that my invention the element of speed being the predominatis equally well adapted to any and all` elevator systems, whether the Asame use direct or alternating current or whether the motor be of other than ashuntmachine, such vfor instance as a compound motor or an alternating current motor. Furthermore while lI have shown a well known method of controlling the speed of a motor by varying its field strength, I propose in some cases to connect the governor switches to effect the control of the speed .of themotor in any of the well known ways depending on conditions met in actual practice. v l

I desire not to be limited to the precise arrangement -of parts herein disclosed since obviously those skilled in the art could read- "ily makechanges in the apparatus shown v and described'witho'ut departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim and desire to Ksecure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In an elevator, the combination of a car, guide rails therefor, a bra-key carried by the car. adapted to co-act with said guide.

rails, a. governor for controlling said brake, an electric hoisting motor, a source of current supply, branch circuits leading from a source of supply to the armature and field circuits, a switch in each of said branch circuits, a resistance in parallel to one of said switches, and a plurality of cams controlled by thegovernor arranged to effect the successive operation of said switches to slowv down and stop 'the motor.V

9,.'The combination with an elevator car,

a safety device carried by the car, a running rope associated with said dev-ice, av speed governor, a clamp adapted to grip said run-l ning rope to effect the operation of the safety device, a latch normally preventing the operation of said clamp, and means operated by the governor for releasing said avsafety device,

governor,

latch .and moving v said clamp into' gripping 'engagement with the running rope.

3. The combination withjan elevator' car, carrled by the tcar, a running rope Vassociated with sald device, a` speed ning 1.rope

tion, andV a Vdog actuated by -the governor -irst to release said latch and-thereafter sa'fety device adapted to Aclamp the car to'- .move said clamp into engagement with; the. 'running rope.

4. In an elevator, 4the combination with a hoistingY `otor, `carand guide rails, of a the guide rails, a. governor, a running rope associated with the governor and safety device,`a V shaft controlled bythe governor, an

eccentric clamping member von said shaft adapted to engage the running rope and .thereby actuate'the safety device, a camon Y said 'shaft,a1d a switch 'controlling acirsafety device Vadaptedto. clamp the .car to Y theguide rails, a governona running fr ope` associatedwith 30 vice, arshaftV eontrolledby the governor, an

cuit to said 'motor operated by said cam.

5.V In'an. elevator,-th e combination With a hoisting motion car and guide rails,o f a'.

the governor and safetyjde- 'clamp'adapted to grip said run v to eifect'the operation o'- the. safety device, a spring pressed latch'nor#v mally holding said clampfagainst operaeccentricviclamping member on said shaft the'slowing down and stopping of said. n10- o tor. controlled by saidv-switohes.

.6. I [n an elevator,the 4 combination with a hoisting motor, car` and guide rails, of a safety device adapted to clamp 'the car to the rails, a governor, a'running rope associated with'tle governor, car andv safety device, la clamp adapted to engage said run-V eect the operation ofithe ning rope to I a switch for controlling the safetyV device,

'speed of the motorfan additional' switch for stopping connection between the motor, and an operative eration of the4 'switches'to/slo-w down and stop' the motonand thereafter operate the o the governor and both switches for efecting first the successive opsaid clamp to effect the' operation of the l safety device. A In-testimony whereoL-l havesigned my name-to this specification in the presence of 'two subscribing Witnesses.

DAVID L. Witnesses: f

WALTER C. STRANG, vERNEST L. GALE, Jr.

LINDQUIST.

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