US1296594A - Mold. - Google Patents

Description

A. B. NURTN.

MOLD.

APPLICATION man MAR. 9, |916. Renfwsn 1AN.9.19|9.

1 ,296,594. Patented Mar. 4, 1919.

Mavim. 7

M ZW ma A. E. NORTON.

MOLD.

APPLICATION FMD MAR. 9, 191s* RENEWED MN. E, |9l9.

Patented Mal'. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 7 A. B. NORTON.Y

MOLD.

APPLICAHON man ma. 9. 1916. RENEWED IAN. 9, 1919.

1,296,594. Patented Mar. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@vH/new W A. E. NORTON.

MOLD. APPLICATION FILED MAR.9.1915. nENfwEn 1AN.9. 1919.

Patented Mar. 4, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIcE.r

.ALLEN IB. NORTON, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE ALUMINUM CASTINGS COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

MOLD.

Application led March 9, 1916, Serial No. 83,021.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALLEN B. NoR'roN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Detroit, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in and Relating to Molds, of which the following is a specifin cation.

This invent-ion relates to crmanent molds adapted for casting artic es from molten metal or metallic alloys, such as aluminum and aluminum alloys; more particularly the present invention relates to the construction of the gate through which the molten metal iiows to the mold cavity and the relation thereof `to the said mold cavity.

My invention has for some of its objects the provision of an improved gate for a mold adapted (a) to control the How of metal to the mold cavity to properly fill the same, (Z1) to feed the metal to the mold cavity' in a manner conducive to the proper setting of the casting and tending to prevent porosity in the casting due both to crystallization shrinkage and occluded air or gases and to prevent the entrance of oXids and other foreign materials into the mold Cavity.

A further object of the invention is the provision of an improved gate especially adapted to suitably feed the molten metal to an annular or a cup-shaped mold cavity.

Another object of the invention is to provide a mold with a gate of improved construction for cont-rolling the How of metal into the mold cavity, the mold and gate structure havin means for retarding or accelerating solidiication of the metal in portions of the mold cavity to insure setting of all part of the castings as desired.

Other objects of my invention will be obvious to one skilled .in the art from the de rzcription of one forni of mechanism embodying it, which, for the purpose of illustration, l have, in the accompanying drawings, shown and hereinafter described.

Figure 1 is a top plan view of a mold provided with a gate embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Figs. 4, 5, and G are fragmentary sectional views on the lines 44, 5-5, and 6 6, respectively, of Fig. 2.

Patented Mar. 4, 1919.

Renewed January 9, 1919. Serial No. 270,440.

Fig. 7 is a fra mentary sectional view on the line 7 7 of ig. 1.

-Fig. 8 is a fragmentary section, similar to Fig. Q, showing the pouring of the molten metal.

Fig. 9 shows a castin having a sprue as formed in a mold emb ying my invention.

Figs. 10 and l1 are sections on the lines 10 and 11, respectively of Fig. 9.

Referring to the drawings, l indicates as an entirety a permanent mold comprising a plurality of parts adapted to be assembled together' to form a mold cavity A. In the preferred form of construction the mold consists of a base member 2 and complementary members 3, 4;, arranged on the base member Q. The mold members 3, 4, are provided with abutting side walls 5, each of which has a semi-circular portion 5zx adapted, in cooperation with the semi-circular portion 5"L of the wall 5 of the other mold member and. the base, to form the outer Wall of the mold cavity A. The mold members 3, 4, are movable on the base 9. away from each other to permit the removal of the castings. The base member 2 is preferably supported on feet 2a.

Each of the mold members preferably comprises, in addition to the Wall 5. a bottom Wall 6, a top Wall 7 and end Walls 8, 9, all integrally connected together. These walls project away from the wall 5 and serve to form a chamber 10, the outer side of which is formed by a late ll. The plate l1 is secured to the entl)tidges of the Walls 7, 8, and 9 by bolts 1l8L or other suitable devices. The purpose oi' the chamber l0 Will be later described.

12 indicates devices by means of which the mold members 3, 4, are properly positioned on the base 2 and brought into alinement when moved together. The devices 12 may comprise au annular shoulder 12 ou the base 2 and semi-circular recesses 12" formed in each mold member 3, 4 and adapted to receive the annular shoulder l2a when the said mold members are moved together, as shown in Fig. l. As the annular shoulder 12a and side Walls of the recesses 12b are struck :from the same axis, it will be understood that the shoulders exactly iit within the recesses and thus effect the perfect positioning of the mold members.

13 indicates separate alining and positioning devices which may be supplemental to or substituted for the devices 1Q. The devices 13 comprise a pair of fixed pins 13a arranged near opposite sides of the base 2 and projecting upwardly therefrom, and recesses 13b formed in the opposing faces of the vvalls The recesses 13b are of a size and shape to receive the pins. One half of each recess 13h is formed in each wall 5 so that When the mold members 3, 4, are moved together the pins fit into the recesses 13b, and cause the a linement of said members.

14 indicates as an entirety the core which is preferably of the permanent type. The core 14 may be formed of a plurality of sections, not only for convenience in assembling and disassembling, but more especially to provide for projectingt members on the inner surface of the casting and the disengagement of the core sections therefrom prior to their removal from the mold. In the prf-- ferred form of the consti-u rtion, the core 1i consists of a center section 14 and pairs of side sections 14h. Each of these sections is provided with a handle 14.

The lower end of the core section 14 may be provided with an insert member 14d to effect suitable venting.

Above the cavity A, the mold members 3, 4, are formed with recesses to receive semi circular members 14e. The members 14 are formed with ne grooves 14e on their lovver end edges and inner faces. These grooves serve as vents for the cavity A.

14* indicates core pins which project through openings formed in the sides of the moldmembers 3, 4. The inner ends of the pins 14* serve as cores to form openings in bosses of the casting.

15 indicates as an entirety devices for locking the mold members 3, 4, together. These devices serve to maintain the mold members in rigid relationship during casting. the opposing faces of the Walls being surfaced to fit tightly together. The locking devices 15 may bc of any suitable character, but in the construction illustrated,y they consist of a pin 15 fixed to one mold member and a hook member 15 sn'ingably carried by the other member and movable into engage ment with the pin 15a. The hook portion of the swinging member 15b is preferably provided with a wedge-shaped surface which, acting against the pin 15, operates to dravv the mold members l. 4. tightly together. rfhis result may be ctl'ccted by applying several blows with a hammer or mallet to the swinging member 15b.

The foregoing described parts or combination of parts, in themselves, form no part of my invention but are, as li believe, the invention of Joseph H. Bamberg of Tonawanda. New York, and I therefore make no claim to the same,

As shown in the accompanying drawings,

the cavity A, in the mold 1, is shaped to form a trunk or skirted piston for internal combustion motors; my improved gate is peculiarly adapted to direct and control the flow of the molten metal to a cup-shaped cavity to form a casting having walls of desired physical structure which are substantially non-porous.

The gateis indicated as an entirety at 1G and preferably comprises complementary recesses 16a, 16a, formed in the opposing faces of the vvalls 5, 5. Une end of cach recess terminates at the upper edge of the adjacent mold member; its other end merges into the mold cavity A. Between their opposite ends, the recesses 16a are shaped to form the co operating sections constituting the gate 16 as follows. 16b indicates the inlet section for the molten metal. This section is substantially funnel or cone shaped, except for a portion of its upper outer Wall which is curved laterally, as shown at 16C to form a convex metal engaging and directing wall or channel. In operation, the molten metal is poured from a suitable ladle B onto the convex wall 16c which arrests its drop and from which the metal flows or is directed dovvn the adjacent sides of the inlet section 1Gb without agitation into a pocket or chamber 16" formed at the lower end of the inlet 16. The bottom of the chamber 16" is rounded and the outer wall of the inlet 1Gb merges into the Wall of the chamber 16" at a point tangential to it so as to avoid the formation of broken or uneven surfaces in the path of How of the molten metal.

16d indicates a neck section or control passage which leads upwardly in an inclined direction from the pocket 16h' and coperates therewith and With the inlet 1Gb to form :i trap or seal of molten metal. The lower vvall of this neck section 16d at its upper or discharge end. indicated at 16B, is in a horizontal plane above the upper Wall at the inlet end of the neck, as indicated at 16e. The neck or control passage 16d is preferably of the vsame cross-sectional area from end to end and smaller in cross section than the lower end of the inlet 16h or the chamber 1Gb', so as to choke and control the fioiv of metal from the chamber 16h.

1Gf indicates a delivery gate or feeder into which the neck 16d discharges the molten metal. The delivery gate 16' preferably is connected by a short, narrow passage or sloty 1G with the mold cavity A at its upper and lower `ends and points therebetween. By this construction the molten metal flow ing through the gate is fed substantially continually on top of the metal as it rises in the mold cavity until the cavity is completely filled. thereby compensating during the pouring period for any solidification shrinkage occuring during said pouring period; furthermore, substantially all portions of the metal in the cavity are kept in contact with and form an integral part with the metal in the gate. The neck 16d is connected to the upper end of the feeder 16f. The purpose of this form of construction is two-fold; first, it permits me to utilize the head of the metal flowing through the neck 16d to force the metal into the eXtreme upper end portions of the cavity A and thereby displace all air and other Vgases Within said cavity through the vents 149'; and second, it provides the necessary head for forcing metal into the lower portion of the mold cavity. In this connection, it will be noted that the upper end wall 16x of the feeder 16f is disposed in the same plane as the upper end Wall of the mold cavity A, so that the metal from the control passage 16d must flow in a direct line to the upper portion of the eavity and with suliicient force, as will be later described, to lill the entire cavity. Furthermore, this form of construction permits any air which may be forced into or through the control passage to rise in the feeder and escape through the vents 14e during the formation of the castin The connecting wall 16" between the fee er 16f and neck 16d is preferably curved to avoid agitation of the flowing metal; likewise, the outer, downwardly extending end wall of the feeder is inclined from its point of connection with the wall 16", as indicated at 16h and then curved inwardly, as indicated at 16" to the point where it connects tangentially with the lower end wall of the cavity A, as shown at 16, likewise to avoid agitation of the metal as it flows into the mold.

As shown in the drawing, the head of the piston is formed in the lower part of the cavity A so that that portion of the cavity requires a larger quantity of metal than the upper portion` particularly where this head has internal ribs or webs; also, as this lower part of the cavity is filled first, the metal therein would under ordinary conditions set prior to the metal in other parts of the cavity. By reason of these facts I provide suitable means for insuring the complete filling of this part of the cavity which at the same time slightly retards the setting action of the metal therein. These means consist in the formation at the lower end of the feeder 16f of a chamber 17, which is adapted to hold a relatively large quantity of molten metal.

The chamber 17 is formed by making the lower ends of the recesses 16a deeper, as will be clearly understood from Fig. 6. The body of metal thus pro-vided for is of such size that it will set relatively slowly. The metal in the chamber 17 remains in liquid condition long enough to insure filling of the adjacent parts of the mold cavity and assists in retarding the setting action of the metal in the lower part of the mold cavity while the cavity is being completely filled. The body of liquid metal in the cavity 17 serves to prevent shrinkage in the casting adjacent thereto before it sets.

Where my improved gate is used in a perf manent mold, heated during the casting operation, I am enabled to utilize to advantage the heat applied to the mold among other things to assist in maintaining the metal in a fluid state while flowing through the gate 16. The heating means preferably comprise one or more burners 18 of suitable construction which are arranged to direct ame jets through openings 11b in the plates 11 into the chambers 10. The chambers 10 serve as ovens to retain the heat from the burners and to effect substantially uniform heating of the walls 5, 5a.

The burners 18 are preferably arranged to direct their jets against those portions of the walls 5 in which the gate 16 is formed, it being desirable to retard cooling of the molten metal while passing through the gate to the mold cavity A, and to utilize the direct effect of the burners to the best advantage.

To provide for proper filling of the lower part of the mold cavity A, where a considerable quantity of metal is required therefor, the opening 16K from the feeder 16t to the cavity is preferably enlarged, as shown at 16g.

In permanent molds, wherein my invention is most advantageously applied, the air and other gases in the mold cannot escape in any way except through vents and these vents must necessarily be restricted in size to prevent the escape of metal and as much as possible the formation of fins and lugs. My invention is designed to direct the mol ten metal to the cavity A without undue agitation of the metal, either because of air and other gases sucked through or trapped in the gate, or of the formation of air and gas bubbles in the metal being cast, or the mechanical agitation of the molten metal, as may be caused by splashing. For these reasons the walls forming the inlet, neck and feeder sections of the gate are curved and connected at their adjoining ends in a manner to avoid uneven surfaces s0 as to insure, in so far as possible, non-agitated flow of the molten metal.

The trap formed by the seal in the conduit 16d and the lower end of the inlet 16b serves to exclude from the metal iowing through the neck 16d substantially all air and other gases which may be drawn downward with the metal into the inlet 16": and what little air and other gases may pass with the metal through the neck 16d. is practically certain to be :freed as the metal turns the corner at 16, and such air and other `ases then escape through the vents 14e.

The feeding o-f the molten metal on top of the metal rising in thc cavity and feeder from the neck section 16d, as has already been described, is advantageous for the further reason that it keeps the top of the rising meta] in a fluid state; thus, in the event any air and other gases are carried into the cavity, they may free themselves by rising and passing off through the vents 14e.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that my improved gate serves to feed molten metal to the mold cavitv with minimum agitation and substantially free from air and other gases introduced during the pouring operation, thereby materially assisting in reducing porosity in the casting.

It will also be seen that the inlet 1G". extends upwardly above the discharge end of the neck 1G a sufficient distance and is large enough to hold a relatively large amount of metal, the weight of which will serve to force the metal through the neck with considerable pressure. When the cavity A vis nearly filled with metal, this pressure is utilized to advantage to cause the metal to flow directly from the neck 16 into the upper portion of the cavity with sullicieut force to displace the air and other gases and fill the entire cavity.

It .will also be noted that the setting of the casting will take place progressively7 from a point opposite the gate toward the gate simultaneously at opposite sides of the casting.y and that during this setting the molten metal in the gate will con'ipensate for crystallization shrinkage in the casting proper. In this connection the short passage 16g. between the mold cavity and the feeder section of the gate. performs an important function. For hy making this passage vshort and narrow, and preferably rounding or beveling its side walls as shown in Figs. 5 and (l, it is insured that all metal in lsaid passage. by reason of its proximity to the metal in the gate. shall be maintained at a higher temperature than the metal in the mold cavity and will therefore solidify later than the metal in said cavity and earlier than the metal in the gate. if alie metal in the connecting passage 16g were to freeze before the metal in the mold cavity proper it would draw on the latter metal as well the gate metal to make up for its crystallization shrinkage. Again. if the metal in said passage ltr; were tofreeze after that in some cros; section between it and the gate inlet, the metal in the gate between said passage and said cross section would have to make up for its crystallization shrinkage by drawing on the metal in the passage and this would or might cause porosity in the metal of the casting proper adjoining its Junction with the gate. The beveling or tapering of the side walls of the passage above referred to causes said walls to be more highly heated by the molten metal entering the mold cavity, thus helping to insure that the metal occupying the passage at the end of the pouring shall be maintained molten longer than the meta] in the cavity proper.

I believe that progressive setting of the metal in the casting is one of the important factors in reducing shrinkage porosity or cracks, or defective castings, and I have had in mind in this invention to have the setting take place progressively with that object in view. It is my opinion that when any liquid metal become-s completely surrounded with solid metal, during freezing, its soliditication will be accomplished by a contraction of about three to six per cent. of its total volume, porosityY accordingly resulting. In my improved process the gate is so constructed with relation to the mold cavity that at no time is liquid metal allowed to be isolated in any part of the casting, during the greater portion of the solidiieation period. At substantially all times during the solidilication ieriod, the portions of the freezing metal still liquid are in communication with a source of liquid metal from the gate, so that cavities which. would normally torni by crystallization shrinkage in the casting are lled up.

It will be seen that by means of my improved form of mold I control the flow of molten metal into the mold cavity by changing the direction and velocity of flow of the metal intermediate the mold cavity and the initial pouring point in such manner as to control the velocity and direction of the stream of metal as it enters and fills the mold cavity, so as substantially to (a) preclude splashing or interrupted stream action of the metal into the mold cavity, (b) canse the metal as it flows and before it reaches the mold cavity itself to establish a liquid seal for trapping out from the mold cavity air and other gases, oxids and other foreign materials, and (c) so direct the stream of flowing metal toward remote portions of the f oid cavity that the head of molten metal will be utilized to give the desired momentum and direction of flow of metal to such remote portions of the mold cavity to inlsure the complete filling thereof.

Assuming a given mold cavity having vertical dimensions with portions near the upper end of the cavity somewhat remote from the point at which the metal is to enter the mold cavity. such for example as the cavity A, in the drawings, l have found that in order to have the desired head of metal to assist in completely filling such remote top parts of the mold cavity, the distance from the initial inlet point for pouring to the bottom of the mold will give an undesirable velocity to the metal entering the bottom of the mold and greater momentum than required to fill the mold at the bottom, besides being likely to cause undesirable splashing and forming of globules at the bottom of the mold as the metal tlowing under an unnecessarily high velocity enters the same.

Accordingly my process of pouring metal consists. first, in changing the direction and velocity oit' flow of the metal intermediate the mold cavity and the initial pouring points for the metal. This changing of direction I accomplish by causing the metal to turn a corner, which enables me to slow down its velocity without undue agitation, and at the same time reduces the amount of direct. drop of the metal from the initial pouring point on its way to the bottom of` the mold cavity. Next I cause the flowing metal itself to form a liquid seal, which liquid seal serves substantially to trap out air and other gases and oXids and other foreign materials and to keep them from enteringr the iuold cavity. By reducing the cross-sectional area of the duct through which the metal flows as it leaves this liquid seal, I can further reduce the velocity with which it enters the bottom of the mold eavitv.

'Preferably I direct the stream of flowing metal as it leaves the said seal generally toward the upper remote portions of the mold cavity, but for the purpose ot directing it into thc bottom of the mold cavity l then cause the metal for the bottoni ot the casting to turn another corner and after it has turned this corner to flow down a Vgradual inclino and thence in a` substantially continuous and uninterrupted stream into the mold cavity, it being understood that this last incline should preferably be such as to preclude the flowing metal. under the action ot gravity. from dropping in such a manner as to break up into streams or globules1 and should morge with the upper Wall of the mold cavity on lines substantially tangential thereto. thus insuringr that the metal will enter the bottom of the cavity and rise in it substantially Without splashing or intel rupted stream action. As the flowing metal approaches the top of the mold cavity I make use of the head of molten metal between its initial pouring point and the top ot' the mold cavity to `five the desired momeutun'i of flow to the metal for the more remote upper parts of the mold cavity which metal will be directed toward them by the direction of its How as it leaves the said hydraulic seal. so as to insure the complete lling of the upper and more remote parts of the mold cavity.

After the seal of the molten metal is formed the molten metal poured into the mold engages the metal in the seal in such manner as (a) to preclude splashing and formation of globules and to tran out air and other gases, and oxids and other foreign materials.

Referring more specifically to the drawings, the procedure in the use of the mold is as follows:

First, the metal is directed downwardly from a suitable ladle B on the convex Wall 16 of the gate. Thence `the metal lows downward in a smooth, non-agitated stream so that it tills the chamber 16h and, rising in the neck 16d, forms a liquid seal. Then from the discharge end of the neck 16h, which is relatively constricted and acts to reduce the velocity of the flow, which has already been somewhat reduced by the change of direction in the section 16', the metal Hows over the curved wall 16e and thence downwardly over the inclined Wall 16h and the curved transition Wall 16h whence it moves into the bottom of the mold cavity proper along lines substantially parallel to the bottom wall thereof. The metal thus inducted into the bottom of the mold cavity Hows smoothly and in an unbroken stream or mass so that occlusion of air or gases is avoided. As the metal rises in the bottom section of the mold cavity the air above it moves upward into the side sections of the cavity and thence through vent passages surrounding the core to the atmosphere, 0r such air above the rising metal passes directly into the vent passages in the lower part of the core and thence upward and out to the atmosphere. Then as the metal rises in the side sections of the mold cavity the pouring is preferably continued at a moderate rate such that the metal does not rise materially in the inlet section 16". Consequently the metal is discharged from the neck 16d at a moderate velocity and flows smoothly into the metal which is gradually rising in the feeder section Nif and thence trom the upper part of said metal into the cavity proper. As the level of the metal in said feeder section and the mold cavity approaches the level ot the Wall 16e, the pouring is continued at a rate such that the metal rises higher in the inlet section 1'6" so that the resulting pressure head, added to the velocity head of the entering metal, insures the discharge of the metal from the neck 16d at a higher pressure and a consequent complete tilling of the upper part of the mold cavity. At the end, the pouring of the metal into the inlet 16h is continued until the gate is filled substantially up to the convex Wall 16.

The existence ot' a eutectie in an alloy for casting purposes is peculiarly advantageous in reducing the amount of porosity in the casting, particularly where the liquid portions ot the freezing metal are in direct communication with other liquid metal, for instance in the gate, as provided by my invention, thus permitting the crystallization shrinkage to be lled up or to be taken care of fro-rn the molten metal in the gato. As hereinbefore stated, at substantially no time during freezing is any liquid metal isolated from other liquid metal by solid portions.

To those skilled in the art, many modifications of and widely didering embodiments and applications of my invention will suggest themselves, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. My disclosures and descriptions are purely illustrative and are not intended to be in any sense limiting.

Reference has been made above to the importance of the short, narrow passage 16g between the feeder section of the gate and the mold cavity proper. A further advantage incident to this narrow passage may here be noted, namely, that it insures the forming of a. relatively narrow section of metal between the gate and the casting, which facilitates the removal of the gate from the casting proper.

While I have shown this port of communication between the gate and the mold cavity to extend from the bottom to the top of the mold cavity, it will be understood that it does not necessarily have to extend the entire length of the mold cavity in an unbroken line so long as it does extend to the top of the mold cavity and has suflicient area between the top of the mold cavit and the bottom of the mold cavity to fil the mold cavity progressively from the bottom upwardly by continually introducing metal on top of that which has already entered the mold cavity until the top of the cavity is finally reached.

It will be understood that among the impurities which the liquid seal between the inlet and discharge neck will serve to trap out are those having a lower specific gravity I' than the metal which is being poured and which are insoluble in the metal.

llVhat I claim is:

1. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly' extending discharge neck connected at its lower end` to the lower end of said inlet and cooperating therewith to form a liquid seal to oppose the passage of air, gas, oxid and other impurities, and a feeder extending from the upper and discharge end of said neck to the bottom of the mold cavity.

2. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected at its lower end to the lower end of said inlet and cooperating therewith to form a liquid seal, and a feeder into which the upper end of said neck delivers the molten fluid, said feeder being connected to themold cavity from its lower end wall to its upper end wall.

3. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly inclined inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected at its lower end to the inlet and cooperating therewith to form a hydraulic seal, and a feeder into which the upper end of said neck delivers the molten metal, said feeder being connected to the mold cavity from its lower end wall to its upper end wall by an opening smaller in width than said feeder.

4. A gate for a inold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected to the inlet and coperating therewith to form a hydraulic seal, and a feeder into which the upper end of said neck delivers the molten metal` said feeder being connected with the mold cavity at its lower und upper end walls by a port smaller in width than said feeder and being formed with recesses in its opposite side walls to hold a relatively large body of metal during the pouring thereof 5. A gate for a mold cavity comprising n downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected to the inlet and coperating therewith to form a hydraulic seal, and a feeder into which the upper end of said neck delivers the molten metal, said feeder being connected with the mold cavity at its lower and upper end walls by a port smaller in width than said feeder and being formed near its lower end with recesses in its opposite side walls to hold a relatively large body of metal during the pouring thereof.

(l. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extendinginlet, and an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected together and coperating to form a liquid seal, and a feeder to which the upper end of said neck delivers molten nxctal, said feeder having a downwardly inclined wall over which the molten metal Hows from said neck lo the lower end of the mold cavity.

i'. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extendinginlet, and an upwardly inclined discharge neck connected together and cooperating to form a liquid seal` said neck being of smaller cross -sectional area than the lower end of said inlet, and a feeder with which the upper end of said neck oommunicates and which itself opens into the lower part of the mold cavity.

8. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent one side of the mold cavity and adapted to feed the molten metal into said cavity at successively higher levels as the cavity fills, and a laterally extendingr intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the flow of the molten metal.

9. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck and a chamber between the adjacent ends of said inlet and neck, the inlet, neck and chamber being connected by uninterrupted smooth walls and coperating to form a liquid seal.

10. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck and a chamber which coperate to form a liquid seal, said chamber having a curved wall to which the outer walls of the inlet and neck are connected tangentially to avoid uneven surfaces over which the molten metal flows.

l1. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a feeder connected to the mold cavity to deliver molten metal thereto progresively from the bottoni to the top thereof, and a neck extending upwardly in an inclined direction from the lower end of the inlet to the upper end of the feeder, whereby the molten metal is delivered on top of the metal in the cavity as it rises therein.

l2. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a vertically extending feeder connected to the mold cav ity to deliver molten metal thereto progres` sively from the bottom to the top thereof and having a curved wall over which the metal flows, and a neck extending upwardly in an inclined direction from the lower end of the inlet to the upper end ot the feeder, whereby the molten metal is delivered on top of the metal in the cavity as it rises therein.

13. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a feeder vertically disposed at one side of said mold cavit y. and an upwardly inclined neck extending from the lower end of said inlet to the upper end of the feeder, the feeder being connected to the mold cavity at the bottoni and top thereof, whereby the molten metal is delivered on top of the metal in the cavity as it rises therein substantially free from air and gases and oxids and other impurities.

14. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a feeder vertically disposed relatively to said mold cav ity, and an upwardly inclined neck extending from the lower end of said inlet to the upper end of the feeder, the feeder being connected to the mold cavity at the bottom and top thereof. the upper wall of the feeder extending directly fron the upper end of said neck to the upper end of the mold cavity, whereby the molten metal is delivered on top of the inetal in the cavity as it rises therein.

15. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a feeder vertically disposed alongr one side of said mold cavity, and an upwardly inclined neck extending from the lovrer end of said inlet to the upper end of said feeder, the feeder being connected to the mold cavity from end to end thereof and the upper end wall of the feeder being disposed in the plane of the upper end wall of the mold cavity, whereby the molten metal is delivered on top of the metal in the cavity as it rises therein.

16. A gate for a niold cavity for a cup shaped article comprising a downwardly extending inlet, a feeder vertically disposed at one side of said niold cavity, an upwardly inclined neck extending from the lower end of said inlet to the upper end of said feeder and coperating with the inlet to form a trap, said feeder being connected to the mold cavity from end to end thereof and said inlet extending upwardly above the connection of the neck with said feeder, whereby the neck will cause the metal lowing therefrom under the pressure due to the weight of the metal rising in the inlet during pouring, to fill entirely the mold cavity with metah 17. A permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped to form a cavity and formed with complementary recesses arranged to provide a gate comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck coperating with the inlet to form a liquid seal, and a feeder con nected at its upper end with the upper end of said discharge neck, vertically disposed relatively to said Inold cavity and communicating therewith alongl one side thereof.

18. The combination with a permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut. together. said walls being shaped to torni the outer wall of a cavity for a piston having a head and a skirt, and a permanent core arranged to form the inner wall ot' the cavity. of a gate comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck coperating with the inlet to forni a liquid seal, and a vertically disposed feeder eonnected at its upper end with the upper end of said neck and communi'eating with said mold cavity along one side thereof.

19. The combination with a permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped to form the outer wall of a cavity for a piston having a head and a skirt, and a permanent core forming the inner wall of the cavity, ot a gate having a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck coperating with the inlet to form a liquid seal, and a feeder connected at its upper end with said neck, formed in the abutting walls of said mold sections,

and communicating with said mold cavity along one side thereof.

:20. The combination of a permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped t0 form the outer wall. of a cavity for a piston having a head and a skirt, and formed with complementary recesses arranged to provide a gate comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck cooperating with the inlet to form a liquid seal, and a feeder connected at its upper end with said neck and communicating with said mold cavity along one side thereof, and a permanent core arranged to form the inner wall of the cavity and about which said feeder directs metal progressively from the bottom to the top of said cavity.

21. The combination of a permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped to form the outer wall of a cavity for a piston having a head and a skirt, and formed with complementary recesses arranged to provide a gate comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck cooperating with the inlet to forni a liquid seal, and a feeder connected at its upper end with the upper end of said neck and communicating with, said mold cavity along one side thereof, and a permanent core arranged to form the inner wall of the cavity, and means for directing heat against the portions of the abutting walls in which the gate recesses are formed.

22. The combination of a permanent mold comprising sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped to form the outer wall of a cavity for a piston having a head and a skirt, and formed at one side of the cavity walls with complenientary recesses arranged to provide a gato comprising a dmvnwardly extending inlet, an upwardly inclined discharge neck coperatingr with the inlet to form a liquid seal. and a feeder connected at its upper end with the upper end of said neck and disposed to feed molten metal progressively from the bottom to the top of said cavity, and a permanent core arranged to form the inner wall of the cavity.

Q3. A permanent mold comprisin complementary sections having walls a apt-ed to abut together, said walls being shaped to form the outer wall of the mold cavity and being formed at one side of said cavity with complementary recesses constituting a gate having a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent the mold cavity and adapted to deliver molten metal into Said cavity at successively higher levels as the cavity fills, and a laterally extending intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the ow of the molten metal.

24. A` gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet section, an upright feeder adjacent one side of the cavity and formed with a curved wall substantially tangential to the bottom wall of the mold cavity, and a laterally extending intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the flow of the entering metal.

Q5. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet section, an upright feeder adjacent one side of the mold cavity, said feeder' having a wall inclined downward toward the bottom of the mold cavity and a curved wall substantially tangent at its upper and lower ends, respectively, to the inclined wall and the bottom wall of the mold cavity, and a section between the inlet and the feeder adapted to retard the flow of the entering metal.

26. A gate for a mold cavity comprising an upright feeder adjacent one side of said cavity and a short passage joining the feeder to the cavity, the walls of said passage being beveled substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

27. A gate for a mold cavity comprising an upright feeder adjacent one side of said cavity and a short passage narrower than the feeder joining the feeder to the cavity, the walls of said passage being beveled substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

Q8. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent one side of the mold cavity and adapted to feed the molten metal into said cavity atrvarious levels ranging from the bottom to the top of the mold cavity, and a laterally extending intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the flow of the molten metal.

29. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent one side of the mold cavity and adapted to feed the molten metal into said cavity at various levels ranging from the bottom to the top of the mold cavity, and an intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the flow of the molten metal.

30. A permanent mold comprising complementary sections having walls adapted to abut together, said walls being shaped to form the outer wall of the mold cavity and being formed at one side of said cavity with complementary recesses constituting a gate having a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent the mold cavity and adapted to deliver molten metal into said cavity at various levels ranging from the bottom to the top of the mold cavity, and an intermediate section between the inlet and feeder adapted to retard the flow of the molten metal.

31. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet section, a section having a downwardly and laterally extending metal-supporting wall formed and arranged to deliver the entering metal into the bottom of the mold cavity on lines substantially parallel to the bottom wall of said cavity, and an intermediate section between the two other sections adapted to retard the flow of the entering metal.

32. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet section a section having a downwar ly and laterally extending metal-supporting wall formed and arranged to deliver the entering metal into the `bottom of the mold cavity on lines substantially parallel to the bottom wall of said cavity, and a laterally extending intermediate section between the two other sections adapted to retard the iow of the entering metal.

33. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly and laterally extending metalsupporting wall formed and arranged to deliver entering metal into the bottom of the mold cavity on lines substantially parallel to the bottom wall of said cavity, and additional walls to form an upright feeder adjacent the mold cavity and a short narrow passage through which the feeder communicates with the mold cavity at various levels, the feeder chamber having all its cross sectional dimensions substantially greater than both the width and the len h of the said passage and also than the t ickness of the casting sections.

34. A gate for a mold cavity comprising an upright feeder chamber adjacent to the mold cavity and a passage through which Copies of this patent may be obtained for the feeder communicates with the cavity at various levels between the bottom and the top of the cavity, the said feeder chamber having all its cross sectional dimensions substantially greater than both the width and the length of the said passage and also than the thickness of the casting sections.

35. A gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet, an upright feeder adjacent to one side of the mold cavity, a transversely extending section leading from the inlet to the feeder, said feeder being adapted to feed molten metal into said cavity at successively higher levels as the cavity fills, and a constricted passage between said feeder and cavity through which the metal flows, the feeder chamber having all its cross sectional dimensions substantially greater than both the width and the length of the said passage and also than the thickness of the casting sections.

36. A pouring gate for a mold cavity comprising a downwardly extending inlet arranged to receive molten metal poured under the action of gravity, an uprlght feeder adjacent to one side of the mold cavity and adapted to feed the molten metal into said cavity at various levels ranging from the bottom to the top of the mold cavityz and a laterally extending intermediate section between the inlet and feeder.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ALLEN B. NORTON.

Witnesses:

ETHELYN BRUSH, E. J. Bom.

iive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of ratents,

Washington, D. C.

Images