US1293491A - Building-wall. - Google Patents

Description

I A. LYTH.

Patented Feb. 4,1919.

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ALFRED LYTH, F BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

BUILDING-WALL.

To all whom it may concern: Beit'known that I, ALFRED Lr'rrr a cit zen' of the United States, residing at '15 In walls of this type as-heretofore constructed each course of building bldcks has usually been seated on its underside in, a

bed of mortar which consisted of several sections arranged in different planes. This '20 is objectionable owing to the fact that the operator has to spread difi'erent beds of mortar which not only requires more care and consumes -'more time but also renders it practically impossible to make the several bed sections of uniforms-thickness with the result that the buildingblocks placed upon .these sections of mortar bed will not be evenly or uniformly sup-ported and thereby reduce the strength of the wall accordin-gly. The objects of "this invention are to so construct a-wall of vertically overlapping courses of building blocks, bricks or tiles that each course of blocks will rest I on its underside upon a single layer or bed 375 of mortar which is straight and ;even and extends horizontally acrossthe upper surfaces of two adjacent lower courses of building blocks, which construction requires the mason or brick layerwhen setting the building blocks to'spread only one bed joint of mortar at a time and thus obtain a mortar bearing which is more true and even and permits each course of blocks to rest uniformly over its entire underside on the 45. mortar, whereby a stronger and better wall .is roduced than'is possible in a wall in which two or more mortar beds have to be I spread in difierent planes in order to produce a joint between adjacent (layers of blocks; andalso to so construct a wall that no mortar joint will extend through the entire thickness of the wall but will be:

stopped by two or more webs of tile and by an air space.

1, 2 and 3 are perspective VIGWS'Of walls Specification of Letters Patent.

tially' L.shaped form and'provided with a .h or'izontal leg 1 and a vertical leg 2. These blocks are preferably made'hollow so that.

-voids 3 which areseparated from each other In the accompanying drawings: Figures.

, Patented Feb-4,1919.

App1icationfiledMay9,1917. Serial No. ream.

constructed in accordance with my invention, Fig. 1 representing a wall which is comparatively narrow or thin, Fig. 2 a wall of medium thickness and Fig. 3a wall which is comparatively wide.

Similar characters of reference indicate V corresponding parts throughout the several views. 7 r

As shown in-Fig. l, the wall comprises a plurality of courses of building blocks, bricks or tiles which are superposed one above another in such manner that they overlapvertically and therebyjform a lock joint between the several courses when the wall is completed and tied or bound together with mortar or cement.

Each of the building blocks is of substanthey are light and strong for'which purpose each block is provided with a plurality of horizontal longitudinal cells, opening or by intervening webs or partitions i in any. suitable or approved manner.

When laying the lowermost course of such blocks or tiles horizontally the underside of this course is placed upon the foundation 8 5 and a course of starting or ada ting'blocks a 5 is also placed on this foundation in front of the vertical face of the horizontal legs of this course of L-sha-ped blocks which starting blocks are of a height equal to the height of the horizontal legs of the L-shaped blocks and of such width that the total width of the upper surface of the horizontal leg of this course of L-shaped blocks and the upper surface of the course of starting blocks is substantially equal to the width of the underside of one of the L-shaped blocks. These starting blocks are also preferably made hollow by providing the same with a plurality of cells or voids 6 which are separated from each other by a web 7.

The brick layer or operator now spreads a bed of mortar 8 over the upper sides of the horizontal legs of the lower course of L-shaped blocks and the upper surface of the course of starting blocks which bed forms a single or continuous mass and is straight and of uniform thickness throughout its entire-area. 7 The second course of L-shaped buildin 110 blocks is now laid by resting the horizonta 'undersides of these blocks on the bed of rot laid according mortar 8 with the outer sides of the vertical legs of these blocks arranged vertically in line with the outer sides of the starting blocks and the vertical sides of the horizontal legs of the second coursefacing the inner vertical sides of the upright legs of the first course of L-shaped blocks. The thickness of the bed of mortar 8 is such that the same together with the hei ht of the horizontal legs of the second L-shaped course of blocks resting thereon is equal to the height of the upright legs of the first course of L shaped blocks above its junction with the horizontal leg, whereby the upper surface of the horizontal legs of the second L-shaped course and the upper surface of the upright leg of the first course of L-shaped blocks are arranged horizontally in line. The second bed of mortar 8 is now spread over the tops of the upright legs of the first L-shaped course and the tops of the horitontal legs of the second course of L-shaped blocks which bed is also straight and of uniform thickness. Upon this last mentioned bed of mortar the third course of L-shaped blocks is set with the underside of these blocks engaging with the top of this bed and so that the outer vertical sides of the upright legs of this third course are vertically in line with the outer vertical sides of the blocks of the first course and the upper sides of the horizontal legs of the third course are horizontally in line with the tops of the upright legs of the second course.

Another bed of mortar 8 is now spread a on the upper sides of the upright legs of t esecond course and the upper sides of the horizontal legs of the third course and a fourth course of building blocks is superi1nposed upon this last mentioned bed ofmortar in the same manner as that described with reference to the preceding courses, this operation being continued until the desired height of wall has been reached.

It will be noted that when a wall has been to this method each course of blocks overlaps and interlocks with the blocks above and below the same and that only one bed of mortar is employed for each course of blocks in order to form a joint with blocks below the same, which bed extends horizontally over the entire underside of this course and is capable of being spread more easily and quickly by the ma sons or brick layers, thereby effecting a saving in cost, and it also renders it possible to provide a .practically even and uniform bearing for each course of blocks, thereby insuring the maximum strength in the wall when completed.

he upper and lower horizontal surfaces of the building blocks which are adapted to hear on the mortar bed which joins them are preferably provided with undercut grooves 9, 10 so as to enable the binding mortar to obtain an anchorage on these surfaces, and the outer vertical sidesof these locks are also preferably though not necessarily provided with undercut grooves 11 so as to permit plaster to be anchored thereon when finishing the exposed surfaces of the wall or the same may be otherwise finished as desired.

When laying these building blocks in horizontal courses the blocks. of each course are preferably so arranged that the vertical mortar joints 12 between the blocks in one course are out of line with the vertical mortar joints between the blocks in an adjacent course in the usual and well known manner.

In this construction all the mortar johns are so broken or separated from each other that direct lines of mortar entirely through the wall both horizontally and vertically are avoided, thereby practically eliminating the possibility of moisture penetrating or being carried throughthe Wall through the medium of the mortar joints.

It will be noted that this construction obviates the disadvantages of a wall in which each block iii setting requires two or more distinct mortar or bed joints which are arranged in different planes inasmuch as the spreading of such plurality of mortar joints uniformly and of even thickness is practically impossible and therefore one may be solid" and the other loose, thereby providing an uneven bearing of the blocks on the different planes of mortar which materially detracts from thestreng th of the Wall and permits leakage of moisture through the light parts of the joint between such blocks.

11 the erection of a wall by means of these hollow blocks embodying my invention all the vertical Webs of the blocks are arranged in direct perpendicular alinemcnt, thereby obtaining a wall of maximum strength and durability. This construction is applicable throughout the construction of the building including all corners and jambs and openings for doors and windows.

In the practical use of this invention it is desirable, within certain limits, to construct thebuilding blocks of varying widths to suit the particular thickness of wall which it is desired to erect, for instance, as shown in Fig. 1 the building blocks are made comparatively narrow and suitable for building a wall which is eight inches in thickness,v

that shown in Fig. 2, is suitable for building a wall which is twelve inches thick, and that shown in Fig. 3 is more particularly adapted for a wall having a thickness of sixteen inches, but in each. of these applications of my invention each mortar joint for adjacent locking and binding to ether by one operation courses of blocks is effected of spreading mortar.

In each of. the several constructions of my new-5,491

improved building blocks shown in the drawings the horizontal leg is provided at its outer end with a plurality of comparatively deep longitudinal grooves 13 which in the completed Wall are arranged opposite the vertical leg of an adjacent block and thereby form between the opposing vertical surfaces of the two blocks an air space of substantial dimensions Which is ainple and provides effective means for preventing moisture from penetrating through the wall, thereby rendering the same damp proof.

Inasmuch as these blocks can be made of much larger dimensions than ordinary brick or tile it is possible for an operator to lay a greater part of the Wall in a given time, thereby effecting a considerable economy in the cost of construction.

I claim as my invention:

A building Wall comprising a plurality of superposed blocks each of which is of L- shaped form in cross section and provided with a horizontal leg and a vertical leg, and the outer end of the horizontal leg having a plurality of comparatively deep longitudinal grooves which are arranged opposite the vertical leg of an adjacent block and form therebetween an air space for preventing 1noisture from penetrating the Wall.

ALFRED LYTH.

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