US1292038A - Turbine-engine. - Google Patents

Description

P. PHILLH" TURBWE ENGINE. APPLICATION HLED PAM/18.1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET Pntented Jan. 21, 1919.

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P. PHILLIP.

TURBiNE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED MAY n1. m1.

Patented Jan. 21,1919.

3 SHEETS HEEI 2 P. PHILLIP. TURBINE ENGINE. APPLICATON FILED MAY 18, 9H- 1,292,038'. Patented Jan. 21,1919.

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UNIT D STA PETER PHILLIP, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

TURBINE-ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 21, 1919.

Application filed May 18, 1917. Serial No. 169,435.

To all whom 2'25 may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER PHILLIP, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cool: and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbine-Engines, of which the following is a specificatlon.

My invention relates to improvements in turbine engines and, although ut1l1zed for various purposes, is particularly well sulted for use in connection with steam turbines.

The principal objects of the invention are to provide "an improved turbine engme of comparatively small size and weight but capable of developing a very large amount of power; to provide a turbmewhich shall be extremely eflicient through a wide range of speed; to provide a turbine so organized as to admit of its being governed as to speed accurately and efiiciently; to provide a turbine of the class described which shall be extremely simple in design, compact, free from complications, and simple and economical to manufacture; to provide a turbine of the class described which shall be easily and inexpensively operated and maintained; and, in general, to provide an nnproved turbine engine of the character referred to.

In the drawings which accompany th1s application I have illustrated a turb ne designed particularly for steam operation, in which drawings,

Figure 1' is a side elevation of the turb ne, a portion of the casing and other parts being broken away to show the interlor construction Fig. 2 is a section "taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary section taken on the line 33 of'Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a portlon of the interior casing, showing the nozzle and vane arrangement;

Fig. 5 is a perspective vlew of a vane or bucket;

Fig. 6 is a filler blocks apart; and

Fig. 7 is a perspective View of one of the anchor locks for holding the vanes and filler blocks in position.

In the drawings, 10 represents as a whole the turbine casing comprising as principal parts, the side plates 11 and 12 and a middle perspective view of "one of the for spacing the adjacent vanes exhaust casting13 to which the side plates 11 and 12 are suitably secured as by cap screws On the exteriors of theside plates 11 and 12 there are bolted a pair of bearing housings 15 and 16 which constitute suitable supports for the ball bearings 17 and 1e inner members of said ball bearings 17 and 18 are mounted'upo'n the opposite ends of the rotor shaft 19, the intermediate portion of which is enlarged to cooperate with a pair of gland fittings 20 and 21 which prevent egress of steam from the interior of the casing. The turbine is of the radial outward flow type and, in the present instance, has a pair of rotors 22 and 23 which aresuitably keyed t0 the. intermediate part of the rotor shaft 19, as shown in Fig. 2. Each rotor is of duplex construction, that is to say, it has vanes on each of its side faces. On the exterior sides of said rotors 22 and 23, the movable vanes on the rotors cooperate with fi'Xed vanes on the interior sides of the side plates 11 and 12, and on the-inner side faces of said rotors 22 and 23,- the movable vanes cooperate with the stationary vanes fixedly secured to opposite sides of a central partitionlike structure 24 constituting an integral part of the center casting 13.

Steam is supplied to the turbine through a throttle valve 25 located in a main supply pipe 26 which, as shown in Fig. 2, divides and feeds a central pipe 27 and a pair 01 side conduits 28 and 29. The center feed. 27 communicates with a conduit 30 formed in the interior partition 24 andleading toward the center of the turbine, andthe side conduits 2S and 29 communicate with side passages 31 and 32 formed in the side plates 11 and 12 and also leading toward the center of the turbine. The center feed conduit 30 feeds two steam chests 33 and 34, one located on each side of the center line "of the turbine, and the side feed conduits 31and 32 feed single steam chests 35 and 36. The

steam emanating from the peripheries of the rotors enters the space between said rotors and the inner periphery of the central casting 13, whence it flows into a main exhaust pipe 37 (see Fig. 1) leading to suitable condensing apparatus. Describing now the nozzle and vane arrangement, which are important features of my invention, it will be understood that lengths the steam which is supplied to the turbine at high pressure is permitted to expand to several'times its original volume during its passage through the turbine. thus extracting from the steam a large proportion of its energy and securing a high efiiciency. In the present instance, I have shown a rotor equipped with six rows of vanes, the number of stationary vanes being of course one less; that is to say, five. As shown in Fig. 2, the outer vanes are made of somewhat greater length than the inner vanes so as to allow for the expansion of the motive fluid as it flows outwardly, in addition to which the numbers of vanes are greater in the outer rows, for the reason that the circumferential of the rows are greater, the vanes being equally spaced in all of the various rowsof vanes.

Describing the nozzle arrangement and referring first to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be understood that the various supply conduits 30, 31, and 32 lead to similar steam supply chests, only one of which, with its asso ciated sets of movable and fixed vanes, need be described. Describing the steam chest fed by the supply conduit 31, it will be observed by reference to Fig. 2, that the upper end ofsaid conduit 31 leads to a duct or slot 38 concentric with the rotor shaft and which registers with an annular slot or groove 39 concentric with and extending completely around the rot-or shaft 19. The side of said groove 39 is open and registers and communicates with a similar but oppositely facing groove 40 in the side of the nozzle ring 41 which is suitably secured to the inner'face of the side casting 11 as by cap screw 42. As shown best in Fig. 3, the steam which flows into the annular receiving chamber 40 of the nozzle ring issues therefrom through a series of circumferentially arranged equi-spaced nozzles or jet orifices 43, the rear ends of which are enlarged, as shown at 44, to communicate with the space 40. The jet orifices 43'are substantially as wide as the length of the vanes with which they cotiperate (see Fig. 4), are inclined to direct the steam upon the movable vanes at the desired angle, and are suitably tapered outwardly, as is customary with such jet orifices. By reference to Fig. 1, it will also be seen that the number of orifices is considerably less than the number of movable vanes, of which there are, in the first row, approximately, in the present instance, two

and one-half times as many as there are nozzles.

Describing the method of securing the vanes in position to the rotor and the stator, it will be understood that they are secured in the rotor and stator in precisely the same manner; therefore it will be necessary to describe the method of securing the same into the casing member only, such being blocks 56 are flush with the tops It will be understood that'the 'struction may be changed or best shown in Figs. 3 and 4. In Fig. 5, 45 represents as a whole one of the vanes which, as to all parts of its inner surface 46, is parallel with the axis of the turbine shaft 19. Such is also true with respect to the surface 47 which is located below the active or operative portion 48 of the blade. The object of making the lower portion .47 of the blade somewhat thicker than the active ortion 48, is to permit the proper shaping of the blade surface 48 to get the best results, from the standpoint of efficiency, while at the same time, the lower or foundation part 47 of the blade is made sufficiently thick and substantial to provide the requisite foundation or support tion of the vane.

The method of securing the vanes'in the wheel and casing is by wedging or dovetailing, the vanes themselves being spaced apart by a series of surfaces of which come flush with the tops 50 of the inactive or foundation portions'of the blades. The circumferential surfaces of the blades, as at 51 and 52, and the circum for the active porfiller blocks 49, the upper ferential surfaces of the filler blocks, as at 1 53 and 54, are made concentric with the axis of the turbine so as to enable the filler blocks and vanes to fitwithin annular grooves 55 cut in the side faces of the rotor and stator, and also to permit proper co5peration of the anchor blocks'56 which are utilized for dovetailing 0r wedging the filler blocks and vanes in place. As shown, the said wedging blocks 56 are seated upon annular raised surfaces 57 and secured thereto by means of fiat-head screws 58, the heads of which enter suitable countersinks in the tops of the wedging blocks. The wedging blocks 56 are of course properly shaped as to their upper ends to fit the surfaces 52 and 54 of the vanes and filler blocks and hold the latter rigidly in position, it being understood also that the tops'of the dovetailed of the filler blocks 49. wedging blocks for securing the outer or inner rows of vanes in place, both in the rotor and the stator, have but a single dovetail, as shown at 59 in Fig. 4.

In view of the above detailed description of the mechanical construction of the turbine, it is believed to be unnecessary to describe further the method of operation of r the various parts or of the completed structure. It is sufficient to say that a turbine as above described fulfils the desired results set forth in the stated objects of the invention, besides others which will readily occur to those skilled in the art.

Inasmuch as the described details of conmodified to suit individual requirements, without loss of efficiency or other advantages, it must be understood that the said details are merely l l l l 12 phi illustrative of my invention, which must be determined by the appended claims.

I claim 1. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor frame, a circumferential row of blades provided with foundation portions of greater radial width than the blade portions and circumferentially extending wedging means on either side of said row of blades for maintaining the latter in fixed position on said rotor frame.

2. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a rotor frame, a circumferentially extending row of blades extende ing from the rotor frame in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the ro tor, said blades being provided with founation portions of larger cross sectional area than the cross section of the active blade portions, and circumferentially extending sectional wedging means on either side of the scope of reference to said row of blades for maintaining the latter in fixed position on said rotor frame.

3. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine,-

the combination of a rotor frame, a circumferentially extending row of blades extending from the rotor frame in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the rotor, said blades being provided with foundation portions of larger cross sectional area than the cross section of the active blade portions, a series of filler blocks interposed between said blades, and circumferentially extending sectional wedging means on either side of said row of blades and filler blocks for maintaining the latter in fixed position on said rotor frame.

4. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the the combination of a blade-supporting frame provided with an annular groove, a circumferential row of blades provided with foundation parts fitting within said groove, and sectional wedging means on either side of said groove and engaging said blades for maintaining the latter in said groove.

5. In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a blade-supporting frame provided with an annular groove facing in a direction parallel with the axis of the turbine, a series of circumferentially extending spaced apart blades having foundation parts fitting within said groove, filler blocks also fitting within said groove and interposed between said blades, and a circumferential series of wedging blocks secured on either side of said groove and engaging said blades and filler blocks for maintalning the same in fixed position on said blade-supporting frame.

In a radial flow elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a blade-supporting frame provided with an annular groove facing a direction parallel with the axis of the turbine, a series of circumferentially extending spaced apart blades having foundation parts fitting within said groove, filler blocks also fitting within said grooves and interposed between said blades, and a circumferential series of wedging blocks secured on either side of said groove and engaging said blades and filler blocks for maintaining the same in fixed position on said blade-supporting frame, the upper portions of said foundation parts and said filler blocks being dovetailed to cooperate with said Wedging blocks.

PETER PHILLIP.

"Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. 0."

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