US1284387A - Arc-lamp. - Google Patents

Description

TTLE.

ARC LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 3. 1913.

Patented N R E 0 N T R N 0 W U N u A NEssEs UNI- TEE FAT GEORGE ZETTLE, 0F PITTEEEURGH, LPEN'II'ESYEIVANIA, ASSIGHQR 55G )VESTXXQ'tSiHUO'S ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING GQMPANY, A. CDBPQRATEUN QB PENNSYLVANIA.

ABG-LAMR Specification of letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 12, 1918.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gnonon M. Lrrrrn, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pittsburgh, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Are- Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric lighting, and it has particular reference to improvements in luminous and flaming arc lamps.

Electrodes which are burned in are lamps to form the so-called flaming or luminous arcs are composed of various substances in combination with carbon, which is the principal constituent. This association of certain substances with carbon imparts to the resulting arc the so-called flaming characteristics. When the electrodes are impregnated with light-giving ingredients only, the resultant arc is very unstable. It has been found, however, that, by the introduction of fiuorin, preferably in chemical combination with lightiving minerals, the arc is strengthened and its stability is greatly increased. Consequently, all commercial electrodes adapted for use in flaming or luminous arc lamps have fluorin as a constituent, which is usually in the forinof a chemical combination with a light-glving material.

As a result of the introduction of fiuorin into the body of the electrodes, hydrofluoric vapors or fumes are generated as the electrodes are consumed, thus causing the etching of the glass arc-inclosing globe. To eliminate this difficulty, an absorbent material, preferably calcium carbonate or magnesium carbonate, is placed in the condensing chamber for absorbing the hydrofluoric vapors and thus preventing the etching of the glass walls of the arc globe through which the light emitted from the arc must necessarily pass.

One ob ect of my invention is to provide, in an arc lamp of the character indicated above, a novel means for introducing the aforementioned absorbing material into the condensing chamber.

Another object of my invention is to provide means whereby the absorbent material may be most effectively and efiiciently utilized in absorbing the hydrofluoric vapors generated during the consumption of the impregnated electrodes.

A further object of my invention is to provlde means for easily replacing absorbent material which has lost its effectiveness by new material to further absorb hydrofluoric fumes and vapors.

Other features of novelty will be disclosed in the following description and in the accompanying drawing in which I have illustrated one practical embodiment of my invention, but the construction shown therein is to be understood as illustrative only, and not as defining the limits of my invention.

In the drawing, the single figure is a side View, partially in section, of a portion of an arc lamp constructed in accordance with my invention.

Referring to the drawing, the flaming are extends between the opposing and adjacent ends of a lower electrode 1 and an upper electrode 2, both of said electrodes being impregnated with light-giving minerals by means of which the flaming arc is produced. To insure stability to the arc, fluorin, preferably in chemical combination with one of the light-giving minerals, has previously been added. As the electrodes 1 and 2 are consumed in the arc, hydrofluoric vapors or fumes are emitted therefrom which collect in the are chamber 3 within the globe 4, said globe being closed to preclude the admission thereto of atmospheric air. Because the walls of the globe 4: are maintained hot during the existence of the arc, the hydrofluoric vapors, instead of being condensed and deposited thereon, rise and pass, with the other gases emitted from the arc, into an annularly shaped cooling or condensing chamber 5 which is positionedabove the arc chamber 3 and in free communication therewith by means of an annular passage way 6, substantially as shown in the drawing. Some of the gases and vapors from the are chamber come into contact with cool walls 7 which inclose the condensing chamber 5 and are condensed and deposited in the form of a fine powder.

In order to efiectivel absorb the hydrofluoric vapors which co lect in the condensing chamber 5, I provide one or more consumers 8 and suspend the same from an upper inclosing wall 9 to extend downwardly into the condensing chamber 5. I prefer to use a plurality of consumers 8 in each lamp, and I prefer also that they be positioned at equal intervals and be spaced from the side walls 7 of the chamber I 5, as shown in the drawing. A consumer 8 is preferably made in the form of an upri ht prism or cylinder comprising a cyhndrlcal shell 10 made of metallic mesh or wire gauze such, for example, as iron gauze. The bottom of each shell 10 is provided with a disk 11, and its top is provided with a disk 12 and with a plug 13. The shell is clamped between the disk 11 and the plug 13 by a rod 14 having a head to engage the disk and a threaded end to screw into the lu p T o charge the consumer 8, absorbent material 15, as, for example, calcium carbonate, is placed in a shell 10 in the form of a coarse powder. The threaded end of the rod 14 is then screwed in the plug 13 which is attached to the wall 9 in any well-known and suitable manner to provide a tight o1nt.

The cylindrical shell 10, contaimng the absorbing material 15 in the form of a coarse powder, may be replaced by a molded composition prism or hollow cylinder. This form of consumer will eliminate the use of the gauze shell 10, but the absorbing quahties of the consumer may be considerably decreased by reason of the limited amount of the absorbing material which is exposed to the gases contained within the condensin chamber 5.

hen all the consumers are posltioned in the condensing chamber 5, the said chamber is closed to preclude the inflow of atmospheric air and the outflow of arc gases. The hydrofluoric vapors coming from the arc chamber 3 are absorbed by the calcium carbonate material 15 which thus prevents them from etching the inner surfaces of the inclosing globe 4. It will be apparent that the consumers 8 are formed to present a maximum surface of absorbing material to the gases circulating or collecting within the condensing chamber 5, by lncloslng the sald material within a wire gauze or screen cylinder which retains the said material within the consumer while, at the same time, plac ing it in intimate contact with the arc gases. Moreover, the consumers 8 are placed intermediate the walls 7 of the condenser so as to have all of the sides of the consumers exposed to the gases oontained in the condenser. Again, when recharging is necessary, the consumers 8 may readily be removed from the condensing chamber 5 by detaching the plugs 13 from the wall Consequently, the charging OPBNLtIOII is quickly and expeditiously performed w1thout re uiring much timeor skill.

Whi e I have particularly described a flaming arc lamp having a condensing chamber which is provided with vertically extending cooling walls, I do not wlsh to be understood as limiting my invention to such a disclosure, as it will be apparent to any one skilled in the art that modifications may be made without departing from, the spirit. and scope of my invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a are lamp, an arc-inclosing globe closed at its bottom, a cooling chamber positioned above the said globe and closed to preclude the inflow of air and the outflow of arc gases, and an exteriorly removable consumer positioned in said cooling chamber.

2. In an arc lamp, an arc-inclosing globe open at its upper end, a superimposed substantially air-tight heat radiating chamber having an opening registering with the globe opening, and an exteriorly removable consumer positioned in said heat-radiating chamber, whereby vapors and fumes collecting therein may be absorbed.

3. In an arc lamp, an arc-inclosing lobe closed at its bottom and having wal s of transparent or translucent material which is susceptible to deterioration by reason of fumes and vapors emitted from the are, a condensing chamber closed to preclude the inflow of air and the outflow of arc gases and freely communicating with the chamber of the arc inclosin globe, and a plurality of exteriorly remova 1e consumers serving to absorb fumes and vapors emitted from the are.

4. In an arc lamp, an arc-inclosing globe, a cool1ng chamber having communication therewith, whereby the heated gases and vapors emitted from the are are free to flow therein, a consumer positioned in said cooling chamber, and means for exteriorly removing said consumer.

5. In an arc lamp, an arc inclosing globe, a cooling chamber positioned above said globe and in communication therewith, said cooling chamber being closed against the circulation therethrough of atmospheric air, and an exteriorly removable consumer positioned in the cooling chamber, said consumer comprising a perforated shell, a charge of gasabsorbing material, and a means for recharging said shell.

6. In an arc lamp, an arc-inclosing globe, a cooling chamber communicating therewith into which the heated gases and vapors emitted from the are are free to flow, and an exteriorly removable consumer positioned in said cooling chamber, said consumer comprising a perforated shell surrounding a charge of gas-absorbing material, and a solid plug to which said shell is attached, whereby the said cooling chamber may be closed to preclude the admission of atmospheric air spaced intermediate the Walls of the cooling chamber, each consumer comprising a perforated shell surrounding a charge of gas absorbing material, a means for recharging said shell, and a supporting plug adapted to preclude the admission of atmospheric air to the said cooling chamber.

8. In an arc lamp, an inclosing globe, a closed cooling chamber extending annularly above and beyond the said globe and'communicating therewith, and a plurality of outer Wall of the said coolin chamber,

In testimony whereof, have hereunto subscribed my name this 26th day of Sept,

GEORGE M. LITTLE.

Witnesses: T

B. B. Hmns, M. C. Mnnz.

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