US1278121A - Current-transformer. - Google Patents

Description

1t known thatiwe, Riesig Dowzfi j 'j gr.. I Nicnotsoiacitlzene of.-

mWNT @Bronnen --l-'COE 'more neliable than l "Owing "i thel the States,y ,-r'e'spex'xtiyfelg,-'atH sedinfour-transformerl 5 Sfymcusle'in the ,f-Qnond'eiie yvlvngfx'ilronwr the New York, .and Bu alo,.in the xcountyol lg compnentof the primary cur- Erie and State of New York,1 :have invented eleriwiuie Heretofore it-h #fastweb-transform derfthat 'the magneti-zing' c o'm prirrmurrent should begr-'e 'andfprcfrably lnegligible-'1 f 'ln salate` their-primary :end secondaryl coils; of

I2li su'ch a transformer 'fromone another 'some order to in-v forni` ofsolid insulation was'ilsedgand "genv erall L wasgsupplemented the suitahly-supported Ia YVof oil and., providlnspeciallyi'constructed .leads thereinto to Such. transformers ure quite accurate] tension circuit, an potential transformer, and 86 power delivered b the high potential cire highV tenenwinding. 11m-tie in. conjunction' with a.

cult. Such tran ormers are Vhowever exsufficient to produce an air dielectric bewill resist high tween ,the, windingswhich potential break-down stresses Such a transformer may =be constructed much more cheaply and may'be located out of doors and 20 the lowepotential secondary' nentA of the e, ativ'ely small f their preferred v ferring now tothe drawings;

4the current in the high taken through the primary coil.4 watt: meter, the-- is thrown somewhat outA oi n'ieasuringthe power ,de-

ing4 this :phase .relation so sheetV of drawings which forms a partof this --specication and'-"i1lustrates. ai trans` former 'em ying form.- I

of l"a current Figure 1 is a side elevation dlng Iour transformer constructed laccor inelrgim i" 2 is a 2-2, Fig. 1.

3 is a pln view. 4 1g. .4` is an enlarged transverse section .Figa -is'an enlarged transverse section taken through the secondary coil. 'Referrm to the drawings in detail, like numerals o reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

As a means ofmounting;r or supporting 'the transformer we have high-.tensionj1ine, we provide Oe specific feal vertical section taken on hline" shown" a pole' A.. provided with a cross-place a at its upper dary current lsubstanphase with the-line cur-..

wer delivered may bef 65 our "improvements in end to which the transformer is secur The transformer hais a channel-shaped base which is secured to the crossp1ece a 1n any ,':1 pproved manner, and rising from said base are two insulator pms C on which are mounted insulators c surnmunted by cast iron caps D.

Arranged contrallv between' the insulators c is the secondary coil E of tht' transformer.

Q i 4 1,2'7s,121

structed in. any api'ojed-manner, such as.

vbymeans of laminated or otherwise, and after/thesecondary winding E is ap plied. to the tape-covered' cor'e F, a protecting casing H'lof weatherproof tape or the like is applied thereto. 4 A The .secondary coil and iron core rest upon the base B and are held against movement lengthwise thereon by two spaced retainerinem -Izsecured to said base 4and bearing` againstth'e Qppositefsidesof said coil. he -coil and coefare fur.- ther heldrigid :by'mea f braces J which -are secured f1.. eirrendsto the;

The insulator pins C, .insulators'f-d-'and metallic'caps D constitute .two insulated supports flor-,which an?)7 'other formlof insulator support may be su stituted, andon each of. these supportsmsecured a aiijof spaced retainer members K, prefera lyf"fonicd of wood, The last-mentioned retainer bars are secured to the sup 'orts by means of bolts k which enter or maybe fastened into the caps D. N L represents the` primary :coil which is passed through theseconldary coil, both of which arefjf ring foi-mation arranged at right angles to each other, and eachpasses centrally through the other. so that they are each other approximately the distance of one-half of the inner diameter of each, these spaces serving as air insulating spaces and being the means of insulation dcpeiidedupon for insulation betwoenthe coils, the insulators c serving to insulate the high tension prima-ry c oil from the ground. ho primary coil is composed of anumber of turns or convolutions of insulated wire l,

position by ineens of bolts N which arc 66 passed through said retainer members and cause said members to be' drawn toward each other to securely clamp the coil.

y arranging the coils in the. manner described; that is, by passing one of thc coils 70 axially through the other and arranging'l them at'right angles all portions of one ao exactly equal distances from soineporti'on' of'the other coil and the air insulating space between'tlic coils is 'the saine through- 75 outthe apparatus.

O designates a resistance coil and. O1 a condenser which may be mounted on the primary coil, as shown, and these have connection with the line wires M by means of Wires o, this resistance and condenser' (either or both) being therefore'- shun'ted across the primary coil'for the purpose of changing the time phase angleI of. the line current relative -tothecurrent ofthe secondary coil 85 -adsto-give accuracy of ratio through 'a wid';` range of. current values.

g By connecting the -resis'tanceO across .the i primary, we 'helieve a component of current Vance of the load current component .in the the resultant lino curre t (otherwisethrown*- out of reyerse phase wi .h 'the secondary current by' tlie Eggiiig'exciting current coni- 9o ponent thereof) substantially into reverse' phase with the secondary current so that when the transformer is. used in conjunction with other apparatus for measuring power the power factor conditions of the primary so that they (lo not correspond with .hc rela! 1.05

tive number of turns-of theV two windings.

HQWever this may be calculated for in coiii- "iuting the power or load current4 delivered .A

)y the high potential line or thi` rait-io may be corrected to correspond with the rat-io de- 1 10 sired between SecondaryY current-:ind hi'gh ber of turns on either oneI of the coils. 'O r this difcrencc in rat-10 produced by current "1s produced in the liigli'tcnsion linein ad.- 90

- tension load current., by changing the num-.-

line wire M is secured. This coil is also survertical centerof 'the coil and clamped in rasabovepointed out th passing through the resistance D may be corrected by putting in thc. condenser D1 as described. The condenser produces we' be lieve a component of the line current 90 i'nf i proved CODSIUCOP, Wh'lcll We Preferably advance of the voltage aci-oss the primary form by Slglrpundmg the same with one terminals, so that. the ratio of transforma layer of fljlctwn tape given two coats of tion is affected thereby in an. opposite man, shellac, which-coute tape 'when dry is surnei' fiom that in which it is :il'ected by 1thA yrounded by'a layer of asphalt tape coated current in resistance D,.S0 that, by suitably with a-sphaltuiii. Thel primary coil is held designing the combination of resistancejaiid in position b the retainer in 'einbers K, it becondenser, the phase angle of the liiiecur- '1.25 ing entered etween the two opposite airs rent may be corrected i'ithout substantially of these membersat opposite sides o the aecting the ration of t nsformation.' But' sfrefinementis not ratio of the transformer, and to this coil the rounded bya'protective'casing of any -ap- 35 C Bevers 25 is iio solidi insulation directly Vbetween vtlfi essential as the ratio may be corrected by .changing the number of secondary turns.

he above theory of operation with respect to ,tlie'resistance O and condtiser Ol we bei lieve to be correct but, in aifyevent, we find from experience thatl the arrangement' described does materially correct the phase error-.of such a series transrmer'and enablesiits use -for accurate power measurements. f

` y.rromtoie above it" einem "iearomt wr -hlye'pr'ovided gan* extremely economical'and substantial construction;i for series orcur-' rettraiisformers foroperation on high ten- 16 sion lines.- `Shouldthe-airinsulation of the transformer-,.ffail'fbetween .the primary and secondary noharmfis 4done-except the punc- 2.-;'1-:1 turefof asmallfam'ount of insu atingpliiate-` rial wrapped the removedfrom-thetransuformer the main insulationqiependedyupoiifbetween thev prip malry` and secondaryrisrestored automatifi callg'jby'y change oi atmosphere'. Also the two coils o iiai'li'icli moisturemight collcctto materially decreasetheinsulaton between v Y rent and; secondary cui-rent.

the mails,y so; tbat the' construction is `articu- 4 llarly,nadaptable'to beplacedl'out'o doors.` 80 meansfor correcting the Yplialsfe'4 .error caused?? the, relatively the U v 4 n) issubfs'tantially ,:fSlfi'ou'ld the supporting insulators tuned 'or fail forany' reas'in,v the replacement of such an Vins ator is a very simple and inexpensive matter as compared with the replaccincntfof' thespecial insul lating'iiieans lheretofore used in this type of 40 transforme VHowever, as the supporting insulators a are notdepengledu on for insulation between'the co1ls,gtl i e=. ickness and 4 numberofsuch insulators may-be'so" chosen that it 'would be ractica'lly impossible to have puncturerof t ie' sup' 'orting insulators, as they would,4 so to spea be protected by lair'in'sulation of less value between the coils.

'.'Qf course 4when usedmerelyA for the meas,

urement oflcurrent the phase-corrective features areunnecessary. The transformer may be used for tripping overloadrelaysandfor' other purposes in conjunction with various other 'apparatusas will be apparent tothose 4skilled-in the art. iii "z". p

lt is also to be iinder's'ttid that many otlierfchanges and-modifications may be made and the -inventionin its broader aspects embodied in vwidely diifering forms-of f-ip'pariitus."

`o0 Having thus described lour, invention,

un.: we claim is:`

l. A transformer havincv a substantially closed iron magnetic circuit, a high tension primary-Winding and a low tension scch w rimary 'and-*secf 20 ondary turns. Immediate yffthe voltage is 'breakondary winding operatively related thereto, supporting means for said windings arranged to suppo'lp them-out o f contact with one another and 'se arated' from onejanotlier by an amount soliti' ff' dielectric between-the windings that will resist high' potential break-downI Vstresses` and' means for compensatin for ,the change in phase angle between t e primary cui-rent and secondary currentfdue the 'energizing component' of current in the primary wind- 7 ing. j

-f2i/A-transformer having a -siibstantiallv closed iron magnetic circuit, a liiglihtension, power current fcaiiiv'ing primary 'Winding 'and a low 'tension secondary winding opei'- 8o 1 ativellV related tbereto, .supporting means'.

for said windings arranged to support them; out' of contact ivitli one. another and scpau ratcdfrom one another by an amount' sufficient to'pi'oduce an airdieleCtrir between the 86 windin s Athattriv-ill rresist high potential i wn Stresses and Whei'elilvrtlie afinespheije is .dependedrupoii astlie main insu- 'an'gle relationship between 4tliepr i closed iron magnetic circuit, if'liig ijtension, power curi-'ent carrying; i and" a" lwt'ension secondary ivindingoperaprimary favinding tively related theretolsupporting meiinsfor vf said windings'arianged to support tliemout "of contact ,with'one another and separated from one anotherb an amount sufficient to i0!! Y produce an air dielectric between the wind- 1 ings that will' resist high potential bieakdown-stresses, and means for correcting the .phase angle relationship between the prix malyciu'rent and secondary current, said 106 means comprising a resistance connected in parallel relation to current in the primary wvinding.

q' -4..AV transformer having a substantially closed iron magnetic circuit. a high tension'. 11 0 powerv current carrying, primary windingy yund u low tension secondarivv winding` opera- 7 ,tively related thereto, supporting means for Said windingsarranged to support them out H v of contact with'onc unor-hcraml separated 115 from oneanothe'r by nn amount sulicienl to 'prOdHCeanUrgdielertric between thc windingsthat -will resist high` potential brca'lrf dowii stresses,jand means for correcting the 'l relationship between the primary upd, seul' 120 p ondary. current. said gm'enns conpulsing,l a i condensei'laiid a resistance oonncetoflin' p:irallel relation to current'A in4 the" primari winding. 5. A transformei'- having n high tension, 126 power current carrying, ['ruiary winding and a low tension secondary winding oper-j atively related thereto, supporting moans fori said wind'rigsarranged to support them out of contact with 'oneuanother and separated' for the dierence in phase angle between' the primary power current andthe secondary curren 6. A. transformer having a; high tension, power current carrying, primary winding and a low tension secondary jwinding operatively related thereto and means for said windings 'arrang to support them out of contact with one another and sepa-rated from one another -by an amount sufficient to produce an air dielectric between the windings that will resist hi h potential break-down stresses and where y the atmosphere 'is depended upon as the main insulation between said primary and secondary windings.

7. A transformer hav` primary winding-and aow tension sec ondary'winding operatively related thereto,

and supporting means for said windings -arranged to'support them out of contactl with one. anoth'eiand "separated from one another by an amount sufficient to produce an air dielectric between the windingslthat will resist high potential 'breakdown stresses.

f 8. A transformer having an iron core forming. a substantially closed-iron magnetic path, a"pri mary coil having its windand a low ns ings' encircli "s aid' core, a secondar coil having vitsfwin ings also encir sai core, and supporting means for said windings arranged-.to support them out 'of contact with one another and separated from one another by an amount sutiioient to produce 'an ail:

dielectric between thewindings-ithat will resist high tentialb ,Uk-.down stresses and whereby t e atmosphere is depended upon `as` theV main insulation between said primary and secondary 'windingst 'I 9. A trl'isiormer having ,an iron core forming a substantiallyclosed iron magnetic its 'windings also enciroli porting mean's forl said 'iwindings arranged to support them out of contact with one another 4and separated from one an0ther. by an amount suficient to produce'jan air dielectric between the windings' that will resist high potential break-down stresses and whereby the atmosphere is depended .upon-as the main insulation between said primary and secondary .windings'and means for correcting the' relationship between the primary and secondary current( 10. A transformer having a high tension, power current carrying, primary winding tension secondarywnding, said windings being in the formnof coils, each su porting.

a .high tension,

passing substantially axiallyy through the otherlsubstantially at right angles to one another Vand sup orting meansl for said windings arrange tol support them out. of oontact'with one another and se arated from v'(0 one another by an Aamount s cient to roduce an air dielectric'betweenjthewindmgs that will resist liighl tefntiallbreak-down stresses and whereby thi atmosphere is depended upon as the main insulation between 15 said primary and secondary windings.

11. A transformer com rising a support, insulators secured to sai support, a pair of-retaining members spaced apart and secured to said insulators, a ring-shaped primary coil clamped between s aid retainers, and a' ring-shaped secondary coil passing centrally through said primary coil, and Asupporting means' for said wmd-ings arranged to support themout of -contact with 86 one another and separated'fromv one another by an amount sufficient lto cause the "air-spacebetweenthe coils to serve as the.

-primary winding and a low tension secondary winding operatively related thereto and supporting means for said windings arranged to support them outI of contact with '.onej another and separated-from one another by an amount suilicient to cause the air space between the coils to serve as the main insulation therebetween, and means for correcting the phase angle relationship between the .primary current and secondary. current. 4

14. A v transformer comprising a base, spaced retainer: members vsecured to said base between .its ends, a ring-shaped sec' 115 ondary coil restin -upon hebase between 2 said retainer mem ers ai1'd""arranged transversely with respect to said base, high tension insulators rising from the ends of said base, braces connected to said secondary coil at 4diametrically opposite points -and` extending .inwardly for connection to said bas, a pair 'of' spaced retainer members secured to the upper end of each insulator,l anda primary coil 'arran ed at right angles 125 to' the secondary coil secured 'between said last mentioned retainer members, said primary coil being ring-shaped and passing centrallyy through the secondary coll.

15. A transformer comprising a ringfand supporting means for said windng arranged to support the-m out of Contact with one another and separated from one another by an amount sufficient to produca :m nir dclectric between the windings that will i0 resist high potential bruzlkwlwn stres,; .c:-;

In testimony jhereofLwe afx our sigmrtures.

' RICHARD C. DOW'NING. LLOYD C. NICHOLSON'.

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