US1277328A - Process of saturating oils. - Google Patents

Description

n19 sTATEsmATENT oFFIoE.

manna manna-r,- mzcu' 'nn, on-Nnwisronx; m :Assmnon mounts marmms com simmer mw'rsnumn, rnumn'ifnvnms, A conrone'rlon or waxes.

' York mehl'ls' in" of Saturatihgf Q whi'oh follow-1n isa' specification! i 'ni n marin til rooarbons of ture *wh in on nei hbor Fyor 50911,

ing ww lumin f tinued m desired and i-literi'ia'l "ehagnge, with eoms'pondin im r iro mtm is'aecemplished an as more fu 1 hez'iin hydroegn'bons,

whi e h are Bodies-Consisting f y en;

-hydroeanbons re resumed toowe thoirigre l "active natu e to 'ilinkoge 1 or" tifiip'le link be; tot-the presence- "a hr by-two-or'more bonds The stable the unsaturated are relatively ."un's' Jule. llilie odor of Q carbons isia'lso mark y moreolfensive than e d. 9 M eI in e nd l inted ydrocarlioi s are relatirely ales grade kerosenefwlieifeinkerosene is w arii' ed with minimum chloi id at a relatii ely low" temperaturejor a time, the tempera-tussle 15 mg" bel WtHatiif-Whih aluininurhhlorid J fiolent'hreakingzddvinscaf sirens permit isuch a uniin'iim I aoid'yet czythere is-a resulting loss of oil..

d stabilizing, aotiomha temper a material capableof- 'exercisingsundry en- "ergetio reactions with- "the hydrocarbons which compose petroleum oil, and oi moditying their character in many ways. "jheatnigahighboiling' petroleum oil, such as "lubricating oil: a gas oil or solar oil, kero I e'r" set 'j forth and as ela'imed;

Petroleum oilsand-produotsarecomposed main lj' or" xlflusivelfhf vario s hydroeari- .4 3O bons of-difierent boiling points; while these unsaturated hydro- 1' ianocnssgonswunume: cits.

' mama Aug. 27, 1918.

i? the esti ate mam-carbons; Gorrespoifding to this ohenii'oal'difierenoe Toe= tween the 4 two classes is a market difi'erenoe fin values. In all oommercial'petroleum pm I I I I '.'j dujzts 'thoselwhioh contain any substantial t ii'evt i n n w Pf n I a "lower'grade than those which 'are free, or

amount of uhs'atu rhted hydrocarbons are of relatively free, of'sueh unsaturated hydrocarbons. The-unsaturated hydrocarbons 00- curring 1n kerosene are of course themselves oil's truisgeneral character ofkerosene and, exoept' as re%ardsstabi'lit y, they do not differ niateri'a'l fromthe saturated hydrocarare" hardly to regarded. as lmpm'itiesi theynre simply oils of lessdesi'rable charseneyetc with'alul'ninum chlorid, the latter,

under proper conditions, will convert the {whole of such high boiling oil into lower boiling oils of the nature of gasolene, with perhaps 10 or 15 per rent. loss as gas and coke. All the distillation products of such Ian notion will be found to be of; saturated nnt'ure' whatever was-the-nature, in this re-- spect; of the original' high boiling oil treated; hy distilling a highly unsaturated 'gas =o1'l, 1t may be converted praeticallv I .wholly'into gasolene and this gasolene wi I 1 all beef-saturated nature.

I have found that by operating at a sufli-,

f-(lielltly low temperature, instead of workin' at the'boilin temperature just described,

can whollyo yiate the stated converting ac- I #:tion whil'estill retainingithe saturating acrtionaand that this may be utilized in bettercarbons and warm .it (as distinguished from jng' thequalityvof kerosene'fwithoutthe loss of oil 'ineidental to other-methods of purl- ;fying' kerosene.v Inotl'ierwords, I can take a kerosene oil containing unsaturated hydro aluminumehlorid and produoea saturation.

ofthe unsaturated constituentswithout r0-.

duction of lower boiling oils. In this 210' ion the unsaturated oils are simply t ansformed be found satisfactory.

In .a practical embodiment of my process of treating kerosene or illuminating oil to imprm'e its color and stability, as well as its biilrning qualities, I may take a low grade lwresene containing unsaturated hydroeerlions or oils and. warm it to about i5 3 l. with it suitable amount of anhydrous ulumimun chlorid, say per cent. The oil in net be di 1 since any moisture deteriorates or destrov the with-it of the aluminum (l'ilOIl i reshly distilled illuminating oils sufinncntly dry. )lder oils are best dried with aeurrent of air. The aluminum ehlorid does not dissolve to any great extent in the cold oil although its solubility increases on Warming to the temperature stated; and in. order to Inuinta-iii efiicient Contact between the oil and aluminum chlorid, stirring or agitation is resorted. to. Different oils require somewhat difl erent temper tures and times of action; but as a rule around 150' F. for four to six hours will The time element depends larg ly upon. the amount of improvement which may be desired (5. 6., of t nnsi ormutiiim of unsaturated groups presout) in the grade of oil. The progress of the action may be followed by removing portions of oil from time to time, cooling,

I filtering through. paper and testing with iodin solution. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have the power of absorbing iodin and the progressive diminution in the amount of iodin" absorbed indicates the progressive diminution in the proportion ofunsaturated eoinponents present in the oil. The opera.-

tion may be arrested when the iodin test shows at desired amount of improvement. W'ith any given 011 1t is of course not necessary to test every batch treated. The best operating temperature for any given oil "be adjudged in much the'saine way. It is desirable to work at high a'temperatime for the sake of specdliiis possible but without any material pro':ucti0n of low hoiling oils {that is, gasole and the like) usindieeted by observing; 1c flash point. As stated, in the (use o't'fillummatmg OllS,

lubricating oils and the like, it is highly undesirable to lower the flash point.

When the operation has been :urricd as far as may he desired, as for instance to the point where the iodin number ceases to diminish rapidly, warming and stirring may be interrupted and the mass allowed to cool. The aluminum chlorid then for the most part separates out as a heavy sludge. The sludge may be removed and used to treat successive new batches of oil. Its activity steadily din'iinishes' with reuse and. it is finally converted into a. granular innetive coky mess. From this it may be recovered for reuse by appropriate methods.

The oil from which the chlorid sludge has separated still carries a little aluminum chlorid in suspension. From this it n'nty be freed by agitating with a little sulfuric acid or by filtration through fuller-s earth; or both. ()I' the oil may be subjected to a current of steam.

The oil treated asthus described dillers from the original oil in being colorless or of a less color; and in being permanent on keeping. It does not tend to absorb; oxygen from the air; and its burning qudlities are improved.

In my application Serial No. 224038, filed March 22, 1918, filed as a continuation of application Serial No. 7 92615. filed September 30, 1913, I haye described and claimed the process of treating and improving petroleum hydroc arbons generally and lubricating oils speizifically, such process involving the use of aluminum chlorid. The present application is directedto a process of treatlug-end improving kerosene.

What I claim 132- 1. The process of decolorizing and improving kerosene, which comprises warming such kerosene with aluminum chlorid at a temperature around 150" F.

2. The process of stabilizing, decolorizing and deodorizing illuminating oils containing unsaturated oils, which comprises warming such an oil with anhydrous'aluminum chlorid at a temperature sufiicient to transform,

In testimony whereof, I a-ffi'x my signature. 1

ALMER MQDUFFIE McAFEE.