US1119025A - Boiler. - Google Patents

Description

L. D. LOVEKIN.

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1913.

Patehted Dec. 1,1914.

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23A azizg A TTORNEY WITNESSES L. D. LOVEKIN.

BOILER. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 19131 Patented Dec. 1-, 1914.

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INVENTOIR WITNESSES z r I A TTORNEY L. 1). LOVEKIN. f

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25,1913.

1,1 19,025. I Patented Dec. 1,1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

K BY g9 2 p 7 ATTORNE? L. D. LOVEKIN.

BOILER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1913.

1, 1 1 9,025, Patented Dec. 1,1914.

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$maydajhjy I BY {I Q ATTORNEY nnrnnn n. Levin, or. PHILADELPHIA, rnNNsYLvANm.

BOILER,

Ll 11%,tl25.

Application filed June 25, 1913.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LUTHER D. Lovnmn, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Penns lvania, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Boilers, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

My present invention relates to steam generatin boilers, and has for its object to provi e a horizontal cylindrical boiler, such as the Scotch type of marine boiler, with suitable internal provisions for drying and superheating the steam issuing' from the boiler.

In the practical use of marine boilers of the Scotch type and other horizontal cylindrical boilers, as heretofore constructed, the steam issuing from the boiler frequently contains as high as five per cent. of moisture, and with this type of boiler the issuing steam is regarded as commercially dry when it contains as little as two and one half per cent. of moisture. The reason for this high percentage of moisture in steam issuing. from a boiler of the kind referred to is due to the violent ebullition set up in the neighborhood of the combustion cham her and the hotter parts of the boiler tubes, which causes bubbles of steam to rise with such rapidity as to-keep the water surface continually broken. These bubbles. of steam carry up with them from the broken water surface small particles of Water which are held in mechanical suspension in the steam. Steam containing as much as two and one half per cent. of moisture should not be used in engine cylinders or turbines, and moisture present in appreciably smaller percentages produces water hammering and other troubles, and is a frequent source of considerable damage. Heretofore it has been frequently proposed to provide some sort of steam separator within the boiler to reduce the amount of moisture carried by the steam Leaving the boiler, but these separating devices Whether in the form of the com;- mon dry ipe perforated on top or 1n more complex orm, are all open to t e objection that they tend to lower the pressure at which the steam leaves the boiler and practice are not effective in securing the. delivery at r H resents the wall of the, .cyl 1ndr1cal boiler MM- 7 It is ossible, of

dry; sa" M e steam by means ofexand to superheat t Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 1, 31914 Serial No. 775,662.

ternal drying and superheating devices, and this practice is generally followed, but such external devices are cumbersome and more or less expensive, and generally ineficient and undesirable.

In constructing a boiler in accordance With the present invention, I place a series of heating tubes within the boiler shell above the water level and extending between the end Walls thereof, and pass a portion of the products of combustion through these tubes, and I so arrange the boiler that the steam issuing therefrom will pass through the spaces between these tubes un der such conditions that it will be effectually dried. When the tubes are properly arranged and proportioned and suitable provisions are made for directing the flow of the steam relative to the flow of the hot gases in the tubes, as hereinafter explained in detail, I can give the steam from fifty to one hundred degrees of superheat when this is desirable.

The various novel features of construction and arrangement which characterize my lIl--' elevation of one form of boiler constructed in accordance with the present invention, the section being taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a-section taken partly on the line 2-2, and partly on the line 2 -2 of Fig. 1;, Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation taken similarly to Fig. 1 showing a portion of a sli htly difi'erent construction; l ig. t is a section on the line it-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a partial sectional elevation of a third form of boiler constructed in accordance with the present invention; Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of. a boiler ofthe return tubular type equipped with my invention; and. Fig. '1. is a sectional elevation of a boiler of thelocomotive type equipped with my invention.

shell, and B and C the frontand. rear end walls, respectively. Within the boiler shell and separated from the front and rear ends thereof though much nearer the latter than the former are located the usual combustion 'chamber, or chambers. As shown in Figs. 1

and 2, there are three of these chambers, one central chamber E, and two side chambers E. Those familiar with this type of boiler will understand, however, that the number of combustion chambers provided depends upon the operating condition and to the size and to some extent the preferences of the boiler. The front end wall B of the boiler shell and the front end of each of thecombustion chambers E and E are connected by the wall of a corresponding tubular furnace chamber D. The wall of each of the furnace chambers D is in the form of a corrugated cylinder. Above and at the sides of each of the furnace chambers D are return flues F which extend between the front ends of the combustion chambers and the front end Wall Bof the boiler. The fiues F serve to convey products of combustion which enter the combustion chambers E and E. from the furnace chambers D to the smoke box Q into which the fines F discharge at the front end of the boiler. The

- construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as hereinbefore described in detail possesses nothi's' actypical example of amarine boiler of V the 'Scotch type.

Eachof the combustion chambers and E is connected at its upper end to a chamber formed in a casing M attached to the rear end of the boiler proper'by a number of short tubes L which extend between the rear end walls of the combustion chambers and the rear end wall C of the boiler. The hot gases passing from thecombustion chamber into the casingM are conveyed from the latter to the smok'ebox Q through a group of tubes P which extend through the interior of the boiler between the end walls B and C near the top of the boiler shell. The casing M which may be formed of sheet iron-lined with refractory material is preferably formed with clean out doors M. and

M Preferably also a damper M is provided by which the flow of hot gases through the casing may be regulated and cut off. 0 represents stay bolts connecting the end walls B and C'of the boiler below the level of thetubes P and above thelevel of the combustion chamber. As shown, the casing M is shaped to provide an air space N, open to the atmosphere at its ends, into which the rear ends of the stay bolts 0 project and are thereby protected from the high temperature prevailing within the casing M. It is to be notedthat the tubes P, perform the purpose of and take theplace of stay bolts similar to the bolts 0 which otherwise would have to be employed to tie the upper portioiis of the end walls B and together.

Similarly the short tubes L take the lace of stay bolts such as the stay bolts OA eneath them which would otherwise be required to tie the rear end walls of the combustion chamber to the rear end wall of the boiler proper. The tubes P are preferably arranged in staggered rows and sufliciently close together so that the steam in traversing the tubes P is compelled to follow a tortuous path which will tend to cause the particles of moisture carried by the steam to impinge against the hot tubes P. Advantageously, also, provisions are made for compelling the steam to pass along the tubes P for a considerable distance and to traverse the tubes several times before reaching the steam outlet R which opens from the top of the boiler near the rear end of the latter in this construction. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 these provisions comprise a baflie wall S which extends beneath the tubes from the rear end wall of the boiler to a point adjacent the front end'wall of the boiler and is attached at its side edges to the boiler wall at opposite-sides of the tubes P. Transverse baflie walls S, S T and T operate in conjunction with the bafiie S to. compel'jsteam to more or less com letely traverse thefitubes P several times on its way to the" outlet R-as well as to pass along side of and in close proximity to the tubes P for a distance equal to considerably more than half the length of the boiler. Furthermore, the flow of the steam longitudinally of the tubes is opposite in direction to the flow of the hot gases within the tubes. The counter current flow of the hot-gases and steam thus obtained is of great .importance in obtaining not only a high degree of superheat but also a steady superheating effect. As the steam passes along and across the tubes P on itsway to the outlet R it is thoroughly dried and may be more or less superheated. The extent'of superheat imparted to the steam will of course depend upon the number, size and arrangement .of the tubes P, and the volume and temperature of the hot gases passing through the pipes. P. The degree of superheat atv tained may be regulated by manipulating the damper M. The location of the inlet to the superheating space above the baflie' wall S at the opposite end of the boiler from that at which the combustion chamber is located is advantageous in that it increases the distance to the steam outlet traveled by the steam rising in the vicinity of the combustion chamber where ebullition is the most other. They thus serve to prevent water runnmg and above the tubes I, as it tends to do both from the ebullition efiects within the boiler and the bodily movements of the boiler, when used on ships for instanc The construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 differs from that shown in Figs. 1 and 2 only in the location of the steam outlet and in the omission of the special provisions of Figs. 1 and 2 for directing the flow of the steam across and along the .tubes P. As shown in Figs. 3 and ithe steam outlet RA is located at the end of the'boiler remote from the combustion chamber to increase the travel of the wettest steam which arises in the vicinity of the combustion chamber. This portion of the steam will naturally pass for a considerable portion of its travel in the boiler lengthwise of and in the spaces between the tubes PU Baflies Z in the form of flanged bars attached to the boiler shell are located at the sides of the tubes to prevent water from running up the sides of the boiler s ell into and above the tubes steam drying efsatisfactory fec't maj be obtained with the construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 but the superheat- Well be connected to the same chimney draft pipe. In

ing effect is much less satisfactory than that of the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

In Fig. 5 I have shown my improved steam drying and superheating provisions applied to a boiler of what may be called the combined Scotch and gunboat type, differing from thatshown in Figs. 1 to 4 in that the combustion chamber EA or each of themif there be more than one is not only connected to the front end of the boiler by one or more furnace chambers D andreturn flues F, but is also connected to the rear end of the boiler by direct flues G which are shorter and smaller in diameter than the fiuesF and discharge into a smoke box QA connected to the rear end'of the boiler. The smoke box QA and the smoke box Q may Fig. 5 the combustion chamber EA or each of them if there be more than one is connected adjacent its upper end by tubes LA to .a chambered casing MA. The tubes LA and casing MA correspond generally to the tubes L and chamber M of the construction first described. The tubes P leading from the chamber MA to the front smoke box Q perform the same func.- tion as in the construction first described, and the boiler shown in Fig. 5 comprises balile and guide provisions S, S, T and T similar to those shownin Figs. 1 and 2.

My improved means for drying and superheating other types of horizontal cylindrical boilers and 'gunboat types,

chambers are employed, and in Fig; I

up the sides of the boiler shell intosteam are applicable, of course, to

have illustrated the use of invention connection with an externally fired boiler of the return tubular type. As shown in Fig; 6, the boiler shell AA has the usual submerged return fiues Ff connected between the end walls of the boiler shell and serving to convey the products of combustion passing from the external furnace chamber DA through the external combustion chamber D and the extension D thereof,- at the rear end of the boiler, to the smoke box QB at the front end of the boiler. A portionof the products of combustion pass from the combustion chamber extension D through the perforated balile D into the auxiliary chamber 1) from which they pass to the smoke box QB through the dry ing and superheating tubes P which extend between the end walls of the boiler shell and are located above the water level. In. conjunction with these tubes I employ baflfies SA, S, S Tand T analogous in arrangement to the bathing shown in Fig. 1 for causing the steam issuing from the boiler to traverse and flow along the tubes 1? in a direction counter to the flow of the hot gases through those tubes. In this construction the steam outlet RB leads from the top of the boiler shell adjacent the rear end of the boiler and steam enters the space above the bafile SA adjacent the front end of the boiler.

In Fig. 7 I have illustrated the application of my invention to a boiler of the locomotive type. bined furnace located. within the cylindrical. boiler shell AB and the usual downward extension A of the boiler shell at oneend of the latter isconnectedby the submerged flues F 2 to the smoke box QC at the opposite end of the boiler. The drying and superheating tubes P extend between the end walls of the boiler above thewater level and connect the smoke box QC to a chambered casing at the opposite end of the boiler. The

latter .receives a portion of the hot gases from r the chamber EB through the short tubes LB. In conjunction with the tubes P", baiiles SA, S, S T and T are employed as in Fig. 6, but in this construction the steam outlet RC is located at the same end of the boiler as the furnace and combustion As shown in Fig. .7, the comand combustion chamber EB chamber EB, and steam enters the space above the battle SA at the end of the boiler at which the smoke box is arranged.

- In all of the forms, of the invention shown by the drawings except that shown in Figs. 3 and 4. it will be observed that the arrange; ment of the bafliing and the steam outlet is such that a steam drying and superheating space is provided within the boiler shell vhich communicates with the steam generating portion proper of thejinterior ofthe boiler at a point at which the ebullition is the least violent and through which the steam flows in a direction counter to the flow of the hot gases in the tubes passing through this space. This arrangement is highly effective in securing steam which is not only dry but has a high and fairly definite degree of superheat.

Certain general features of construction and arrangement which are novel with me and are disclosed in common herein and in my copending application, Serial No. 808,569, filed December 24, 1913, but not generically claimed herein, are so claimed in my said application Serial No. 808,569.

lVhile in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best forms of my invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of my invention, and that under sonie conditions certain features of my invention may be used without a corresponding use of other features.

. Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a horizontal cylindrical boiler, the combination with the boiler shell having a steam outlet and the usual submerged heating flues and other submerged heating surfaces, of a set of tubes located within the boiler shell above the water level therein and extending from one end of the boiler to the other, abafiie arranged within the boiler shell above the water level and below said tubes and steam outlet to provide a steam space above the bafiie which is in free communication with the steam generating space beneath the baffle only at a substantial horizontal distance from said steam outlet, and provisions for passing hot gases through said tubes.

2. In a horizontal cylindrical boiler, the combination with the boiler shell having a steam outlet adjacent one end and the usual submerged heating flues and other submerged heating surfaces, of aset of tubes located within the boiler shell above the water level therein and extending from one end of the boiler to the other, a baffle arranged within the boiler shell above the water level and below said tubes and steam outlet to provide a steam space above the baiile freely communicating with the steam generating space beneath the bafiie only at the end of the boiler remote from said steam outlet, and provisions for passing hot gases through said tubes in adirection counter to the general direction of steam flow through.

said steam space toward said steam outlet.

3. In a horizontal cylindrical boiler, the

combination with the boiler shell having a steam outlet adiacent one end and the usual submerged heating flues and other submerged heating surfaces, of a set of tubes located within the boiler shell above the Water level therein and extending from one end of the boiler to the other, a baflle arranged within the boiler shell above the water level and below said tubes and steam outlet to provide a steam space above the baflle freely communicating with the steam generating space beneath the bafile only at the end of the boiler remote from said steam outlet, other baffle provisions for causing the steam to traverse said tubes as it flows through said steam space to said steam outlet, and provisions for passing-hot gases through said tubes in a direction counter to the general direction of steam flow through said steam space toward said steam outlet.

4. The combination in a horizontal cylindrical boiler comprising an external boiler shell, an internal combustion'chamber located at a distance from one end wall of the boiler and the usual submerged flues leading from said combustion chamber to said one end wall and to the other end wall of the boiler, and having a steam outlet adjacent said other end wall, of tubes located within said boiler shell above the water level in the boiler and extending between said end walls, means for causing hot gases discharged by said flues at said other end of the boiler to be conveyed through said tubes to said one end of the boiler, and abaffle arranged within the boiler shell above-the water level and below said tubes and steam-outlet to rovide a steam space above the baflie free, y communicating with the steam generating space beneath the baffle only at the end of the boiler remote from said steam outlet.

5. The combination in a horizontal cylindrical boiler comprising an external boiler shell, an internal combustion chamber located at a distance from one end wallof the boiler, and the usual submerged flues leading from'said combustion chamber to the other end wall of the boiler, andhaving a steam outlet adjacent said other end wall,

tubes located within said boiler shell above the water level in the boiler and extending between said end walls, means for causing hot gases discharged by said flues at one end of the boiler to be conveyed through said tubes to the opposite end of the boiler comprising a chambered casing external to the boiler shell, means for regulating the flow of hot gases through said casing, and a baffie arranged within the boiler shell above the water level and below said tubes and steam outlet to provide a steam space above the baffle freely communicating with the steam generating space beneath the battle only at the end of the boiler remote from said steam outlet.

6. The combination in a horizontal cylindrical boiler comprising an external boiler shelLan internal combustion chamber 10- cated-at a distance from one end Wall of the boiler, and the usual submerged fiues leading from said combustion chamber to the other end wall of the boiler, and'having a steam outlet adjacent said other end wall, tubes located within said boiler shell above. the water level in the boiler and extending between said end walls, means for causing hotgases discharged by said flues' at one end of the boiler to be conveyed through said tubes to the opposite end of the boiler comprising a chambered casing attached to the end-wall of the boiler in register with said tube and 'flue ends and formed with an ofi'set'portion steam space above the baffle freely communicating with the steam generating space beneath the baflie only at the end of the boiler remote from said steam outlet.-

7. In a horizontal cylindrical boiler, the

combination with the boiler shell having a steam outlet and the usual submerged heat ing flues and other submerged heating surfaces, of a set of tubes located within the boiler shell above the water level therein and below said steam outlet and extending from one end of the boiler to the other,bafflemeans at the sides of said tubes to prevent water running up the sides of the boiler shell from passing into the spaces between and above said tubes, and means for passing hot gases through said tubes.

LUTHER- D. LOVEKIN.

lVitnesses v ARNOLD KA'rz, S. STEWART.

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