US1108565A - Drying apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

E. FEUILLETTE.

DRYING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.6, 1914,

.Patented Aug. 25, 19M

4 SHEETS-@HEBT 1.

Amney.

E. PEUILLETTE. DRYING- APPARATUS.

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u @m nl 9 funi (24 Inventor "JJ #when @ig-alsa@ Mw E. FEUILLBTTE. DRYING APPARATUS. dIPI'LIUATION :FILED Mlm. 1914;

Llw, Patented Aug. 25, 1914.V

ISHEBTs-SHIBT 3.

E. PEUILLBTTE. DRYING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6, 1914.

Patented Aug. 25, 1914.

4 SHBETS*SHEBT 4.

Attorney.

Witnesses.' y, Q

UNITED sTATEs PATENT oEEIoE.

. -f-w--fi-f- .EMILE AEII''JTI1211.1211"1121, 0F BOULOGNE-SUNSHINE, '.FRANGE, ASSIG-N'OR lT0 SOCIETE ,ETABLISSEMENTS I E. FEUILLE'ITE,

DF BOULOGNEURASEII-NE, FRANCE.

narrare APPARATUS.

.Specification of 'Letters vPatent.

Patented Aug. 25, 191A.

To fall 'whom t mag/concern lBe it known-.that I, .EMILEFEUILLE'LTE, a

citizen olf the French Republic, residing at 40 'Rue dAguesseau, Bou ogne-surSeine, in the 'Republicof France, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsiiin D ry-4 ing Apparatus-of which the Afollowing 1s a specification.

rThis invention relates to drying apparatus .and more particularly drying` apparatus "or'the treatment of textile materials.

it lis known that in .order 'to effect a methodical "drying of a textile material or -a material of any otherikind, it is necessary-to subject this material progressively -to-ternperatures that increase 'in propcrtionas its condition of siccity increases. *Tn order vto carry out E this 0 cratiomit v-is-the Igeneral practice to disp ace Ithe materials A to he treated inan oven, a heating .chamber7 a tunnel or the like, this displacement :taking place in the opposite direction tothe direction in .which the heating agent effecting the drying, Hows. Certain-'dliiculties arise,how

z ever, as iregards the complete-utilization of c aloric agent and in f the Iproperties or the l obtaining uniformity 'of *the temperatures eiristingjin an. given section of *thetunneL ln point o-r act the displacement Vof the material to be treated is obtained hy arranging it upon devices which move .in the stationary' heating chamber. lt, followsftha't thev'ree space that it is practically m'di'spensable yto leave between the conveyer and itsenivelop, alords a direct passage for al considerableportion lof the caloriiic a ent, the' incompletely utilized properties of w- 1ch area-cause of diminution of efficiency which would render costly the drying ofv materials ingeneral and o'f .textile materials in 4particular; another point is that, asthe air or other hot fluid tends t'o rise; itis obvious that', in any given section 4of the drying chamber, 'the upper portion of thisfchamber will beV at a higher temperature .thannthe lowest portion. "Consequently, notwithstandinggthe circulation of the material to be treatedfin the gaseous current andthe; best futilization of the heat "resulting therefrom; it impossible to elect uniform drying; the lower layers of the materialftreated remain charged with moisture to greater extent than'the upper layers. With. the ject ot obviating these defects vit 4Ahas"been proposedv either to vary the relative"posiL tions of the laye'rsconstituting the material to :be dried, in proportion as' 'its progress through the fluid streamy roceeds, or, on the other hand, to modifytiienormal directionof flow of the Huid, by conducting to ward the lower ortion of the chamber its hottest strata t at convection movements had carried toward the summit o'f the tunnel. With this object in view it'has been suggested to arrange at intervals in ,the chamber of the drying apparatus, j inclined deilectcrs or baies opposing. the` normal flow and conducting downward the gases that tend-naturally to rise. These arrangements present certain defects, however, and 'inter alza they present great resistance to the flow of theiluid which `experiences numerous losses of charge. 'As fa' result, partial stagp nations areproduced which give rise to excessive heating of certain portions of the drying apparatus and more particularly the excessive heating of the deflectors which thus constitute radiant walls tending toraise the temperature of the portion of 'the chamber 'that they delimit.

'The present invention 'has for its object r to avoid the' inconveniences indicated above, fin :eliminati-ng the detrimental space be tween 'the'conveyer and the envelop and in mendering the temperatures uniform in the Avarious sections of the dryingtunne'l. For this purpose,-the tunnel is 'constituted bythe juxtaposition 'of a series of chambers in -which are arranged the materials .to be L dried. 'These chambers constitute the con- Vveyer and also the envelop and theirassemblage constitutes the tunnel in which the owfof the gaseous current producing the drying is brouffht about by .any suitable means. Thesecchambers are so arranged as to move in the opposite direction to the flow' of the gaseous current. With this object'in view the chambers are periodically separated from the tunnel as a Whole atthe -extremity which corresponds with .the intro duction of the heating Huid, and when the materials havereached the desired degree of isiccity., while other chambers, containing` materials that are to be .subjected tot-reat- -.ment, are added in order' to complete the itunnel, at the extremity opposite to that at which the ealorific agent is discharged. In order to render the temperature uniform, Leach of *the chambers comprises supcrposed supports, inclined from front to rear relatively to the direction in which the caloriiic agent flows. These supports are such'lthat as the materials to be treated are charged attheir extremities, they leave centrally a space which remains free. Under these conditions, the calorific fluid which passes along and beneath the materials placed-upon the inclined supports, is directed toward the bottom of the tunnel until the moment at which it reaches the free central portion. It then rises in such a manner that, owing to the draft which exists in the drying apparatus and the consequent tendency to displacement, it penetrates beneath the material that covers the rear extremity of the upper supports, in such a manner that the materials arranged upon the latter, owing to their inclination reconduct the streams of iiuid to discharge levels approximately corresponding to those at which they entered each chamber. Under these conditions and if the temperatures at the inlet and at the outlet of each chamber be compared, it will be found that the distribution are identical in such a manner that if the temperatures are uniform at the inlet to the first cha1nber, they will still be uniform at the outlet from the tunnel. Without any obstacle to oppose the dow of the caloriiic agent therefore, the result is obtained that a progressive and uniform heating of the materials to be dried, is effected. It should also be noted that, in the case of textile materials, they are heated most at the lower part which is of course the moistest portion, than at the upper part. This obviously follows from the tendency of the hot gases to rise between the layers of textile materials along which they pass. This heating of the lower portion of the la ers also produces the physical eect of swel ing, in such a manner that the feet of the rods separate and facilitate the penetration of the agent between them.

The present invention isillustrated, by way of example, in the accompanying drawings, in which: A Figure l shows diagrammatically a partial view of a drying apparatus embodying the invention. IF ig. 2 is a corresponding plan view.- Figs. 3 and 4 are detail views in elevation and in plan respectively. Fig. 5 is a cross section of a chamber forming part of the tunnel. Fig. 6 shows in plan the arrangement of the lateral obturating shutters. Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically in plan a modification introduced into the apparatus as a whole for facilitating the charging and discharging of the chambers constituting the tunnel. Fig. 8 is a view showing the control means for the traverse tables em, ployed in the modified form of apparatus illustrated in Fig. 7. Fig.' 9 is a view corresponding to Fig. 7, the traverse table having been displaced for maneui ering the chambers. Fig. 10 shows in front elevation the lifting platform'for charging Vand discharging the chambers. Fig. 1l is an end elevation corresponding to 10.

In carrying out the present invention, the eiicien'cy of the drying process is increased byv completely utillzing the caloriiic agent, owing to the constitution of the conveyer device bythe chambers forming the tunnel themselves and of obtaining uniformity of temperatures in any given sect-ion of the tunnel, without modifying the position of the'materials upon the supports on which they are extended, and by dispensing with all partitions or deiiectors in the path of the fluid stream for reconducting the hot gases into their rectilinear path. With this object in view, by appropriately arranging the materials and the supports on which they are extended, a sinuous path is obtained (see Fig. l) for each of the fluid streams that they conduct, in such a manner that, in ad dition to obtaining an improved caloriic exchange, it follows that when the gases leave a chamber, they are constantly :re-'

turned to the level that they occupied when they entered it. With this object in view, the materials o-r the supports l are inclined from. front to rear in each section or chamber 2 of the tunnel',l vacant spaces being left at their central portion which ermit the duid that is conducted' downwar to ascend toward the upper part of the chamber, in order to penetrate beneath a higherlayer of material or a support. The fluid is thus again directed downward and is again brought to a level corresponding with that at which it entered the chamber or any section thereof. The tunnel is thus constituted by the juxtaposition of a series of chambers 2, mounted upon wheels 4 in the manner of trucks; these chambers 2 are: interposed between the drum 5 for the introduction of the caloritic Huid and the discharge chimney 6. In each of the chambers 2, which are of course open at their ends, lateral and mediansupports are arranged (see Figs. 3 and 5); these lsupports are inclined and receive the supporting bars 8, in ,cases in which textile materials are being dried, or plates or other surfaces, according to the nature of the materials to be treated. These supports 'are arranged in such a manner that when the materlals are charged onto them their central portion 3 is left free, for the purpose specified above. In the case of textile materials, the arrangement should be such that the feet are located at the extremitiesY of the supports for extending the materials; the heads are therefore arranged opposite each other and on either side of the vacant space 3 that is left between them.

v F orl charging the apparatus,each chamber 2 is provided with a roof constituted by two panels 9 hinged on either side cfa central cross piece l0; these panels 9 can be raised in any convenient manner to permit of the chargin (see Fig. 1) `and turned down during t e operation of the drying apparatus. y

ln order to obtain a good joint between the chambers 2 arranged end Ito end, one of the panels is provided upon its edge opposite to its hinge connection with the median cross piece 10, with -a .hinged shutter 11 provided with a heat retainin covering, suoli as felt for example. Simi arly, the correspending vertical edges :carry similarly covered hinged shutters 13; each of these shutters 13v fits against the corresponding face of the adjacent chamber 2, in such a manner that any loss of the heating :huid Ais prevented. The shutter 11 lbelonging to the upper charging panel 10 is applied under the influence of its own weight, while, on the contrary, the vertical shutters 13 are held in place by a rod 14 which rigidly connects them. This rod 14 passes transversely through the chamber 2, rests upon one of the shutters 13 and passes through the other; a resilient key oi' feather 15 insuring the rigid connection of the whole and the snug fitting of the joint-forming surfaces upon the walls kof the adjacent chamber. The rod 14 also passes through openings formed in the edges of the walls of the said chamber. At the lower part, the running frame or truck carries a transverse member 16 which is applied to an identical 'cross piece forming part of the frame of the adjacent chamber.

lin order toedect the various maneuvers which permit of separating from the tunnel the head chamber in which the drying is finished and of arranging at the rear a fresh. chamber charged with materials to be subjected to the treatment, an operating track 17 (see Fig. 2) is provided to permit of the displacement of the trucks carrying the chambers 2. This track is arrangedin such a manner as to unite the drum 5 distributing the calorific fluid, and the dischargev chimneyv. A charging track 18'is arranged parallel with the operating track 17 and connection can beestablished between them by means of two traverse tables 19. These tables 19 iare respectively constituted bya framework upon which rails 20 are fixed and upon the transverse displacement of the frame or chassis, in line with one or Vother of' the : parallel tracks 17, 18. v`Vi7ith this object in view, the chassis are respectively formed with channel irons serving'as rails for the casters 21 mounted on spindles in the trenches extending acrossfthe two parallel tracksvl, 18.

vThese casters 21 render it possible to move the table 19 from one track to the other to permit of passing the chambers 2 either fronithe track 17 of :the drying apparatus onto the charging and discharging track 18 these rails can be brought?` 'or inversely from thelatter 'track onto the maneuvering track.. Under these conditiens, it will be ap arent that, dn normal operation, the cham ers 2 are arrangedone afterfthe other'fand Yibear one against the other, the chti-:rating shutters .11, 13 being turned :down and .applied to the joints. i In orderto permit of moving the front chamber by -rue'ans of the table 19 onto-.the discharg' ing ltrack 18 when the .drying operation has been completed in this chamber, it is first of all necessary to move slightly rearward,the train .constitu-ted by the assemblage i of chambers that rest against the chamber that itl is desired to separate .from the tunnel. With thisobject in view, there is arrangedat the rear of the tunnel and in a lateral trench 23 (see Fig. 3) a chain transmission 24 adapted to be driven by any suitable means. This chain 24 is arranged parallel with the track' 17 and comprises a bar 25 which extends rearward; the object of this bar` is hereinafter described. This bar 25 is guided by an outer roller 26 and in front it carries two rollers 27 which are guided between the rails 28 arranged parallel one to the other on either side of the chain 24. The -front end of the bar 25 carriesl a projection 29, which,

when the chain 24 recedes, engagesa second projection 30 carried lby another bar 31 pivoted .to a block 32 sliding ina suitable slideway. A sprin 33 tends to drawback the rod `31 and its sliding block 32 to the end of its traveltoward the front of the tunnel. Alt its front extremity and plumb .with the running frame of the first chamber that is to be separated from the tunnel, the bar 31 carries a' projection 34 which can be brought out of, or placed in the path of, the cross iece 16 forming part of the said frame. With this object in view a crank 35 'can be displaced angularly in such a manner as to raiseior lower the front portion of the pivot,

ed bar 31. Under these conditions, after the 110 shutters 13 belonginghto the chamber that is to 3be separated from the tunnel and to the chamber that follows it have been released from 'their `locking member, thetransverse bar 14, it is possible to turn down the said lshutters 13 onto ythe walls of the latter. By o erating the fera-nk 35, the projection 34 on t e barBl rises fin such a manner that, by Iactuating the chain 24,'it is caused to ,bear against the rear cross member 16 .of the running ltrame of the rstchamber, it then carries alo-ng the latter which is then discennected in pressing back Jche tunnel `as a whole. By means-of the front traverse table 19, the chamber thus released can be caused to pass from the operating track 17. onto .the discharging trac 18.

Upon the bar 25 which extends toward which a spring 37 tends to raise. By acting upon the chain 24 in the opposite direction to that of the vfirst operation which produces the release of the front chamber, 5 the tappet 36 on the rear bar 25 is caused to engage the lateral stops 38 provided on each of the running frames or chassis. In this manner the entire train or assemblage is displaced, its first chamber itting against the drum 5 which distributes the calorific agent. This maneuver also renders it possible, by means of th'e traverse table 19, to effect the moving from the discharging and charging track 18 of a fresh chamber 2 which has previously been charged with the materials intended to be subjected t0 the treatment and which are to travel in succession toward the front portion of the tunnel in proportion as the chambers in 20 which the drying is nished are separated from'the tunnel.

When, by their arrangement, the chambers have reconstituted the tunnel, it is only necessary to turn do-wn the lateral shutters 11, 13 then to lock them in place by means of the rods 14 and the resilient keys 15. The tunnel can then again be placed in service and the gaseous current eii'ecting the driving can be passed through it.

It will be noted that during the displacement of the chain 24 'that serves to advance the chambers 2, the front bar 31 which is no longer displaced by the projection 29 carried by the rear bar 25, is drawn back together 35 with its stop block 32 by the counter spring 33. It is thereby returned to its normal position for a subse uent operation.

With the object oil accelerating and facilitatin the charging and discharging of the 4o cham ers 2, and to reduce the manual labor required, the installation described above may be completed and modied in accordance with the arrangements illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10 and l1. The arrangement consists broadly in the addition of a trench which terminates the track along which the materials to be dried are conducted and in which a hoisting platform is capable of vertical displacement, this platform receiving in turn the chambers 2 to be charged and the chambers to be discharged which may also be lowered to a suitable height for facilitating access to theframes on which the materials are extended. The utilization of such a device, with the installation alreadyv described with reference to Fig. 2,

' Jfor the charging and discharging, renders it necessary, in order to permit of communication between the trench and the track 18,

to till up the break that exists in the latter during the drying operation, in such a--manner that the chambers 2 can be brought from the trench onto the track 18 or vice versa as desired. One method, but an imperfect one, which would permit of eiecting this maneuver would consist in adding a second traverse table at the front of the transverse track 21; this arrangement however, presents the defect that this track would have to be lengthened to a corresponding extent, as it would be necessary to provide asupplementary length of rails for the purpose of rendering inoperative the second traverse table corresponding to the track 18, when the traverse table 19 replaced it for the pur- 75 pose of conducting to the trench the chamber that is to be discharged after complete dry* ing.` In the arrangement illustrated in Figs. v

7, 8 and 9, this result is attained while retaining the front traverse table shown in 8'0 Fig. 2, and the casters 21 have been replaced by rails upon which the second traverse table can be displaced, the two parallel tracks of this traverse table can be arranged the proper distance apart for prolonging the track 18 or brought sufficiently close together when rendered inoperative, in which case the second traverse table 19 in its turncorresponds with the rails 18. As

a result the trench 40 terminates the track 9o 41 for supplying .the materials to be treated.

A platform 42 carrying a length of track prolonging the track 18, is rigid with a girder 43 forming a cage with lateral inlets and provided with a yoke or handle 44 95 supported and actuated by any suit-able form of lifting device. One of the chambers 2 that is conducted there can therefore be lowered into the trench to a suitable height for manipulation. The panels 9 provided' withrings can then be opened and fixed to the handle or yoke 44 (see Fig. 10).

The modified front traversing apparatus (see Figs. 7, 8 and 9) renders it possible to displace two traverse tables upon av track 45 arranged in a trench or cutting transversely of the tracks 16 and 17; one of these traverse tablesthe table 19, is o'the construction already described and is adapted to connect the track 18 with the trenchl 40 110 (see Figs. 7 and 9) or, during the drying operation, prolong the track 17 as far as the heating drum 5 (see Fig. 8), while the other serves to reestablish the continuity of the track 18 during the drying operation. This 115 traverse table, which is automatically actuated by the displacement of the traverse table 19, is constituted as follows: The two lengthsoil track 46 and 46 mounted upon rollers 47 in the manner of the traverse table 120 19, are capable of displacement parallel one to the other upon the track 45. In the case illustrated in Fig. 8, that is to say during theJ drying operation, the intervals separat- -ing the lengths of track 46 and 46 is equal 125 to that of the traverse table Y19 of the track 18; it is defined by stops 48 and 49 integral with an endless drivin@f chain 50 connected with the traverse tab e 19; this chain is drivenby pulleys 51 over which it passes. 13

If it be displaced in the direction indicated by the arrow (see Fig. 9), the traverse table 19 is displaced in such a manner as to form an extension of the track 18 (see Figs. 7 and 9). This displacement simultaneously causes a thrust to be exerted upon the length 46 and the displacement of the length 46 by the stop 48; u

As the whole of this device can be housed intrenches, it will be seen that the space occupied by the apparatus'is reduced as compared with havingv recourse to a platform arrangement for supporting the two lengths ot connecting track.

ln order to returnthe traverse tables into the normal drying position (see Fig. 8) the chain 50 is displaced in the direction inditated by the arrow (see Fig. 8), the tour lengths of traverse rails of decreasing length are displaced and stopped in position by projecting fish plates 52 fixed to the extremities of the ails 18 and 17 and by stops 53 on the'opposite side. n

v`What l claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent ot' the United States is 1. lln an installation for the drying of textile materials such as flax, hemp and so forth, a drum for the introduction of hot gases, a series of chambers arranged in juxtaposition for the reception of the textile materials and in which the hot gases circulate, inclined frames in each of these chambers upon which the textile materials are extended in such a manner as to constitute oblique parallel passages throughout the'y chambers as a whole with a break in the frames or supports at the middle of each chamber', in such a manner as to cause the hot gases to mingle and to render uniform the drying, and means for bringing the said chambers into position and for displacing them.

2. lin an installation for the drying of textile material such as flax, hemp and so forth,'a drum for the introduction oi hot gases, aseries of chambers arranged in juxtaposition for the reception of the textile material and permitting of the circulation of the hot gases, inclined frames or supports in each chamber, a break in the supports at the central portion of each chamber, two shutters hinged upon a central cross member `to form the root of each chamber, hinged shutters lined with telt or other insulating material at one of. the extremities of each chamber, a rod passing through the lateral shutters in such a manner as to apply them hermetically' to the panels of the adjacent chamber, means for fixing the rod in position, and means for bringing the said chambers into position and fordisplacingthem.

3. In an installation 'for the drying of the textile materials such as flax, hem and so forth, a drum for the introduction of hot gases, a series of chambers arranged in juxtaposition for the reception of the textile .materials and permitting of the circulation of the hot gases, inclined frames or sup-` '-ports in each chamber, a breakin the-supports at the central portion of each chamber,

two shutters hinged `to acentral cross member for forming the roof of each chamber, hinged shutters covered with felt or otherinsulating material at-one of the extremities of each chamber, a rod passing through the lateral shutters in such a manner-as to apply them hermetically to the panels of the adjacent chamber, dogs or drivers, and Va running chassis or truck for each chamber, rails forming a track for the chambers as a whole and means for lbringing the chambers into position and fordisplacing them.

d.. ln an installation for the drying` of textile materials such as flax, hempand4 so forth, a drum for the introduction of'hiot gases, a series `of* chambers arranged in juxtaposition tor-the reception of the textile materials, andv permitting of the circulatioi'i of the hot gases, inclined ramesor'supports in the said chambers,`means Afor forming a good joint between' the said chambers, drivers or dogs anda running chassis or truck for each chamber, rails forming a track tor the chambers as a whole, traverse tables arranged transversely at the extremities of this track-in such a manner as to corr nect it with a parallel track for charging and dischargingV the chambers, and means .forV displacing the said chambers as a whole whenl the. chamber. in, y. which. the. dryingl is finished has been conducted onto the discharging track.4

5. lnI an installation for thev drying of textile materials, such as flax, hemp and so forth, a drum for the introduction of hot gases, a series oitl chambers arranged in juxtaposition for the reception of the textile materials and permittin of the circulation of the hot gases, means or insuring a good joint between the said chambers, a running chassis or truck for each chamber and vdrivers or dogs, rails forming a track for lfor actuating the said trucks, means permitting the lengths of rails to form extensions of the charging or discharging track, or on the other hand permitting of bringing them together, and means for brmgingthe drying chambers intoposition and for displacing them.

ice

- 6. 'In an installation for drying textile materials such as flax, hemp and so forth, a drum for the introduction of hot gases, a series of chambers arranged 1n juxtaposition for the reception of the textile materials and permitting 'of the circulation of the hot gases, means for insuring a good joint between the said chambers, a running chassis or truck for each chamber and drivers or dogs, rails forming a track -for the chambers as Va whole, a charging and discharging track arranged parallel with the first, a traverse table'connecting one of the extremities of the said tracks another traverse table connecting the other extremity and movable .upon rails, independent trucks carrying two textile materials such as ax,.hemp and 'soforth, a drum for theV introduction of hot gases, a' series .of chambers arranged in juxtaposition for receiving the textile materials and permitting of the circulation of the hot gases, means for insuring a good joint between the said chambers, a running chassis or truck for each chamber` and `drivers or dogs, rails forming a track for the chambers as a whole', a charging and discharging track arranged parallel with the rst track, a track traverse table c0nnecting one of the extremities of the said tracks, another traverse table connecting the other extremity and displaceable upon rails, means for bringing the traverse table or the trucks into line with the charging and discharging track, a charging and discharging trench, a cage displaceable vertically in the said trenchv for receiving the chambers in succession, an endless chain arranged parallel with the track upon which the said chambers are displaced, a truck suspended. from the said chain, guides for the said truck, a pivoted bar iipon the said truck for displacing the chambers, a projection from the saidbar acting during the inverse displacement of the chain upon another bar, a counter spring for the said bar, a lever vfor lifting the said bar and permitting of the displacement of the chambers in the opposite direction, with the object of causing one of the said 'chambers to pass onto the charging and ldischarging track.

In testimony whereof I aiiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANsoN C. Coxn, GEORGES BOUNEUIL.

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