US1105744A - Process of refining vegetable and animal oils. - Google Patents

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cHaRLEsnAsKERvInLE; ornnw YORK, N. Y.

' PROCESS OF REFINING VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL OILS.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES BASKERVILLE,

a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and 'useful'Improvements in Processes of Refining Vegetable and Animal Oils, of which the followingis a specification. In refining vegetable and animal oils, it is customary to neutralize the free acids present in the crude oil by agitating it with an aqueous solution of an alkali. It is difli- -to diffuse the alkaline solution uniformly throughout the oil, while the soaps resultino from the reaction are apt to dissolve in the oil, or form an emulsion thtlerewith, rendering their separation difli- Cu ta According to .the present process, the crude oil is agitated for a short period with an organic absorbent impregnated with an alkali, especially with a fibrous vegetable material, such as wood-pulp, unsized paper,

' fibrous cellulose or cotton, which has been treated with a solution of acaustic alkali or carbonate. The treatment'is carried out at {atmospheric or low temperatures, and the alkali in the absorbent is brought into inti- =mate contact with and effectively neutralizes. the acid contents, the resulting soaps beingiabsorbed by the fibrous carrier. The absorbent also acts to largely decolorize the oil.

The process is finished by merely filtering out the absorbent and contained impurities. The cells of the vehicle used as the absorbent present an enormous surface coated with alkaline material, which,owing to its finely divided state, readily combines -with the acid present. The water in the vehicleand also in the oil cooperates with the alkaline material in eifecting this'combination, and

in saturating the vehicle with the soap,

. owing to the surface tension between the wet alkaline cellulose and the soap.

Example 400 grams of very dark cottonseed oil, containing 1.85% of free .fattyacids,

' were agitated with about Zgrams of wood pulp previously treated with a ten-per cent. solution of sodium hydroxid, in amount 'tralize the ,acid in the oil.

was continued for-ten minutes in a suitable slightly in excess of that necessary to neu-- The agitation.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed February 15 1913. Serial No. 748,606.

Patented Aug. 4, 191a;

mixing apparatus, whereupon the absorbent and contained impurities were filtered out. The product was a light-yellow oil, having an acidity of but 0.14 per cent., suitable for use as a food-prbduct and far superior to a similar oil which had received the customarytreatment with soda ash. The term saponifiable oils is used here- 1n to include equivalent substances, such as:

fats.

I claim: I 1. The process of refining saponifiable oils, which consists in treating the oil with an organic absorbent impregnated with a refining agent.

The process of refining p ifiable oils, which consists in treating the oil with 'a' fibrous vegetable material impregnated with a refining agent? 3.,The process of refining saponifiable oils containing acids, which consists in agitating the oil with a fibrous vegetable material-impregnated with an alkali.

43 171.16 process of refining saponifiable oils containing acids, which consists in agitating the oil with a fibrous vegetable material impregnated with an alkali, and filtering out the fibrous material and contained impurities. v

I 5. The process of refinin cottonseed oil containing acid, which consists in agitating the oil with a fibrous vegetable material containing an amount of alkali slightly in excess of that required to neutralize the acid, and filtering out. the fibrous material and contained impurities.

6. The process of refining saponifiable oils containing acids, which consists in moistening a highly cellular an alkaline solution, and contacting the moist vehicle with the oil, thereby forming within the cellular vehicle a precipitate of the reaction-product, said precipitate being retained within said vehicle by reason of the surface tension between said moist cellular vehicle and reaction-product.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature inpresence of two witnesses. CHARLES BASKERVILLE.

.Witnesses:

'THoMAs F. OKnnrrn, I

ALEX F.- FRENCH.

organic vehicle with