US1176421A - Magnetic device. - Google Patents

Description

C. E. BEACH.

MAGNETIC DEVICE- APPLlCATlON FILED JUNE 11. 1915.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

WITNESSES: M 1

NOGRAPH c0., WASHXNGTON, D. c.

: UNITED STATES PATENT ornron.

CLARENCE E. BEACH, 013 BINGHAMTON, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE 0. KNAPP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MAGNETIC DEVICE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE E. BEACH, a citizen ofthe United States, residing at Binghamton, in the county of Broome and State of New York, have invented certa n new and useful Improvements in Magnetic Devices, of which the following is a specification.

This application is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 629,995, filed May 29th, 1911, and is substituted therefor.

This invention relates to magnetic devlces, and particularly to devices in which the operation of an armature is governed by the direction of the current flow in circuit.

Polarized magnetic devices which have heretofore been devised have not been adapted to the control of electromechanical signaling mechanism such as electromechanical gongs, registers, indicators, trips, etc., owing to the weakness of the force available for moving their armatures, and their form being such that they have not been adapted to be incorporated in the ccmmonlv used forms of such mechanisms. and therefore it has been the practice to effect the polarized control of such mechanisms from signaling circuits by providing local circuits, having operating magnets and local batteries for the desired mechanisms included therein, and employing polarized magnetic devices to control such local circuits.

An object of this invention is to provide a direct polarized magnetic controlling device for electromechanical signalin mechanism, which may be operated as efficiently as direct non-polarized magnetic controlling devices heretofore employed for controlling similar mechanism.

Another object of this in ention is to simplify the means of applying one or more permanent magnets to an existing electromagnet structure so as to e able an mstrument desi ned to be controlled by ordinar electromagnetic de ices to be readily equipped to be controlled by polarized magnetic de i es.

Other obiects of this, invention are to provide a device of the character descri ed in wh ch the armature will he m ved with greater force upon the expenditure of a gi en amount of e ectrical ener y in the windings of the electromagnet structure Specification of Letters Patent.

an electric Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

This application filed June 11,

than can be obtained in the use of devices of a similar character heretofore produced, to render the device uniform in efficiency, permanent in adjustment, and economical in manufacture, and to so simplify the mechanism that it may be readily understood and kept in order by those intrusted with its use so that it will require a minimum of attention and repairs. 7

Still other objects are referred to in the following specification and more fully pointed out in the claims.

In applying this invention to any magnetic device, such as a telegraph relay. an electromechanical gong, a fire alarm indicator or register, etc., electromagnet structure like that ordinarily employed in such devices may be utilized. The armature structure ordinarily employed can also be utilized in connection With this invention, although it is sometimes desirable to employ an armature having greater cross secticn. for a purpcse which will be hereinafter described.

The soft iron yoke ordinarily employed to connect the ends of the electroma net cores farthest from the armature should be dispensed with. although a oke of nonmagnetic material may be substituted to pro vide structural su port and to maintain an unvarying magnetic gap.

A constantly magnetized structure. such as a permanent magnet, should be magnetically joined to the ends of the clectromagnet cores adjacent to the armature. so that the permanent and electrcma net will form an anomalous magnet structure, never having less than two free poles. and adapted to develop four free poles when the current flow through the electromagnet is in a given direction.

The constantly magnetized structure will be hereinafter referred to as a permanent ma net, or a permanent magnet structure, which terms are intended to include any ma net structure whose direct on of magnetizaticn is constant or permanent. This structure may com rise one or more permanent magnets. and if a plural ty of permanent ma nets are employed. the like poles of all of said ermanent ma nets must be m gnetically oined to the same electromagnet core.

It is desirable that the connections between the permanent and electromagnets should be comparatively non-retentive of magnetism, while having high permeability, and furthermore that said connections should extend from their points of connection to the electromagnet cores away from each other.

In many instances the consideration or" compactness and symmetrical appearance are impoitant, especially on such devices as electromechanical gongs or registers whose inclosure may limit the space available for a magnetic structure, and while for differing circumstances di'li'erent relative arrangements of the permanent and electromagnets may be found desirable, it is most advantageous to symmetrically locate the permanent magnet or magnets at one side of the electromagnets, extending parallel 1 to the plane of the axes of the cores and at righ angles to said axes.

'ihe electromagnet coils should preferably be located side by side and should be so electrically connected that current flow therethrough will oppositely magnetize similar ends of the electromagnet cores.

The windings of the eiectromagnet cores should be so proportioned that a current flow therethrough of the intensity of the minimum current strength of a circuit in which the device is intended to operate, will, if in a certain direction, produce consequent poles in the vicinity of the armature of such strength as will move the armature to attracted position against the maximum friction and retractile force to which it is sub jected.

If it is desired that the device shall so operate that each reversal of the line circuit will be represented by a corresponding movement of the armature, but makes or breaks in current flow in either direction will not cause movement of the armature, the character of the permanent magnet structure employed should be such, as to the number and size of magnets 11sec, that when the electromagnets are excited by maximum current flow through the windings thereof in such direction that the magnetization of the electromagnet cores will be in series with the magnetization of the permanent magnet, the anomalous magnet structure as a whole will have but two free poles, which will be developed at the ends of the electromagnet cores which are not adjacent to the armature, and the poles adjacent to the armature will be neutralized.

If it is desired that the armature shall remain stationary during makes and breaks in the current flow in one direction but vibrat I in response to makes and breaks in the current flow in the opposite direction, the r luctance of the permanent magnet structure should hear such relation to the magnetization of the electromagnet cores resulting from the passage of any current between the values at which the device is intended to operate (or the current strength of the circuit should be so increased) that when the electrc-magnets are ener ized in a direction to act in series with the permanent magnets, the magnetization of the electromagnets will be so great that poles will be developed at the ends of the electromagnet cores adjacent to the armature by such lines of force of the elcctromagnets as do not pass through the permanent magnet structure.

if the electrcmagnets are liable to be exposed to a current flow of such intensity that the degree of their magnetization in one direction might otherwise impair the magnetization oi the permanent magnet structure, the area of the armature should be such as will provide a path the reluctance of which is so low that the permanent magnet structure will not at any time be subjected to such a magnetic potential as might tend to reverse or neutralize the permanent magnetism therein.

If the current in the circuit in which this device is connected normally flows in one direction for a greater aortion of the time, it is desirable that the electromagnet coils should be so connected in said circuit that said direction of normal current flow will cause the electromagnets to act in series with the permanent magnet structure and thereby tend to maintain and strengthen the magnetism of said structure.

Y/hile it will in manv cases be found to be highly desirable, and calculated to give the best results in operation, to have the armature adjacent to the poles of the electromagnet cores to which the permanent magnet structure is connected, the armature may be located so as to bridge the connecting structin-e or extensions between the poles of the permanent and clectromagnets at various points without departing from the spirit of this invention so long as said armature is so located as to be adapted to form a bridge for the lines of force passing between said extensions when the permanent magnet structure and the electromagnets are acting in parallel, but the armature should not bridge the magnetically separated ends of the elcctromagnets, as current flow in either direction will develop magnetic poles at said separated ends, and the el'liciency of the entire anomalous magnet structure is much greater when the armature bridges the GX- tensions or the connected poles of the elec' trcmagnets than if said armature was mounted adiacent to the free poles of the electromagnets.

It is desirable to provide a stop or limit for the movement of the armature away from the anomalous magnet structure, so that the movement of the armature cannot create an air gap equal in length to the gap between the separated poles of the electromagnet which form a non-magnetic section of the anomalous magnet structure and will be hereinafter referred to as the nonmagnetic section it being understood that the use of this phrase is intended to refer to the magnetic circuit of the anomalous magnet, and that said section may or may not comprise a physical member extending from one to the other of the separated poles of the electromagnet structure.

For the purpose of enabling this invention to be more readily understood, an embodiment thereofis shown in the annexed drawing, which, in the interest of simplicity, shows the application of this invention to an ordinary form of relay, but it is evident that this invention is equally adapted for use in many other magnetically operated or magnetically controlled devices.

In the annexed drawing, in which similar reference characters denote similar parts: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a relay embodying this invention, and Fig. 2 is an isometric projection thereof.

The electromagnet structure of the relay shown in Figs. l and 2, comprises 1e electromagnets and 21, having cores 22 and 23, respectively. The ends 24, 25 of the cores 22, 23 are carried by a non-magnetic yoke, or bar 26, and said ends preferably project but slightly beyond the ends of the windings, and, while forming magnetic poles, are nct intended to act as poles upon any armature or other magnetic structure, and therefore may be, for want of a better term, called isolated poles or ends.

The armature 29 is carried by the tongue 30, pivoted upon the shaft 31, and is mounted in such relation to the connected ends 27 and 28 of the cores 22 and 23 as to form a bridge for lines of force between said ends and between the bars 35 and 36. A suitable retractile spring 32 is provided, and a back stop 33 is mounted in the path of the tongue so as to suitably limit the travel of the armature 29 away from the core ends 27 and 28.

'The permanent magnet structure comprises a suitable number of permanent magnet bars, as 34, 34, which are suitably secured to and carried by the soft iron bars and 36, which bars are also secured to the connected core ends 27 and 28. respectively, so that the bar 35 forms an extension between one set of like poles of the permanent magnets 34. 34 and the core end 27, and the bar 36 forms a similar extension between the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets and the core end 28.

The horizontal members 37 and 38, of the extensicns 35 and 36 respectively, are so formed that the member 37 extends from its point of connection to the core end 27 away from the extension 36, and the member 38 likewise extends from its point of connection to the core end 28 away from the extension 35.

The vertical members 39 and 40 of the extensions 35 and 36 extend parallel to each other a suitable distance above the horizontal members 37 and 38 of said extensions, so that the members 41 and 42 of said ex tensions, which extend parallel to each other and to said electromagnets, will be adapted to support the permanent magnets 34, 34 in suitable and convenient relation to the electromagnets 20, 21.

The purpose of forming and applyingthe extensions 35 and 36, so that they extend from their points of connection to the cores first away from each other and then maintain the separation thus obtained, is to concentrate the magnetic field in the vicinity of the armature 29, so that the free magnetic poles which may be developed on these extensions will always tend to concentrate in the vicinity of the armature, as the leakage path between the horizontal portions 37 and 38 will always present a lower reluctance than any path between the vertical or rearwardly projecting members 39, 40, 41 and 42, and therefore even if the electromagnets are so excited as to expand the free poles back along the extensions, away from the core ends 27 and 28, the density of the lines of force will always be greatest near said pole ends.

The extensions 35 and 36 should be comparatively non-retentive of magnetism, while having high permeability. If these extensions were materially retentive of magnetism they would themselves tend to be come permanent magnets, and in that event an excess flow of current in a certain directicn through the coils of the electromagnets 20, 21 would tend to develop lasting free poles on said extensions away from the core ends 27 and 28, and thus seriously impair the efficiency of the device or render it completely inoperative.

The conductors 43and 44 are connected to ends of the windings of the magnets 20 and 21, respectively, the opposite ends of said windings being connected by the conductor 45. Said windings are so applied that when current is flowing in either d rectirn through the c nductors 43 and 44, the core ends 24 and 28 will be magnetized in one polarity and 'ccre ends 25 and 27 will be oppositely magnetized. I

From the foregoing it is evident that the permanent magnet structure and electromagnet structure, as connected by the extensions 35 and 36. form an anomalous magnet structure which always has at least two free poles between which there is a magnetic gap which is not varied by the movement of the armature. or otherwise, and therefore will be herein referred to as a constant magnetic gap. This magnet struc- 1 ture maybe so excited by the'fiow ofelectricity through the electromagnets and 21 as to develop two consequent poles in addition thereto, r a total of four free poles, because consequent poles will be formed at 27 and 28, through the connection thereat of like poles of the permanent magnets 84, 34 and the cores of the electromagnets 20 and 21, when current is flowing through the conductors 43 and 44 in one direction, and at the same time a pole will be developed at the isolated core end. 24 similar to the pole at the connect-ed core end 28 and a pole will be developed at the isolated core end 25 similar to the pole at the connected core end 27.

When there is a suitable current flow through the conductors 43, 44 in the opposite direction, the poles 27, 28 will be neutralized and reverse pole will be developed at the isolated core ends 24 and It will further be seen that, while the armature 29 is adapted to form a bridge for the lines of force between the connected core ends 27 and 28 and will therefore act responsively to the lines of force which pass through the external field between said core ends, said armature will be unaifected by lines of force which traverse both the permanent magnet Structure and the electro magnets, as the latter lines of force will not develop free poles in the vicinity of the armature 29, but will pass between the isolated core ends 24 and 25.

The operation of this device is as follows: Whenever there is suitable current flow through the conductor 43, 44, 45, for instance in the directicn indicated by the arrow heads on said conductors, consequent poles will be produced at the connected core ends 27 and 28, the armature 29 will be moved by the pull of said poles to attracted position, against the retractile force of the spring 82 and the friction of the pivot 31.

i: If said current flow is thereafter interrupted, the armature will be retained in said attracted position by the permanent and residual magnetism of the anomalous magnet structure and the armature. Upon current flow in the opposite direction, the magnetization of the isolated core ends 24 and 25 will be reversed, and the lines of force induced in the cores and 23 willtend to pass through the permanent magnets 34, 34

and thus neutralize the poles which had been developed at the core ends 27 and 28, provided the current flow through the conductors is not such as will cause a degree of magn tization of the cores 22 and 23 "which will result in substantial saturation of the magnetic path through said permanent magnets 34, 34. If such reversed current flow is cf an intensity which will result in neutralization of the poles atthe "connected coreends 27, 28, tli.e-ar mature will be moved to-retracted position-by 'tlie retractile'spring 32, and will remain in retracted position during any succeeding interruptions in such current flow. If such reversed current flow is of sullicient intensity to so excite said electromagnets that the magnetic path through the permanent magnet structure will become substantially saturated, free poles will be developed at the core ends 27 and 28, and the armature 29 will be held against retraction during such current flow, but Wlll be retracted during any interruptions or adequate diminutions in such current flow.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. An anomalous magnet always having two free poles between which there is a constant magnetic gap, and adapted to develop two consequent poles in addition thereto, and a soft iron armature so mounted and arranged as to be moved toward and bridge said consequent poles in response to the attraction thereof.

2. In a magnetically controlled device, the.

2-. A permanent magnet structure, an electromag'net structure having one end joined to one end of the permanent magnet structure and the other end joined to the other end of the permanent magnet structure and having an intermediate magnetic gap, and an armature located adjacent to said joined ends and adapted to be moved by the magnetization thereof.

4. A permanent magnet, a pair of electro-- magnets, a pole of one of sald electromagnets being magnetically connected to one pole of said permanent magnet and a pole of the other electremagnet belng magnetically connected to the other pole of said permanent magnet, the remaining poles of said electromagnets being magnetically separated, a soft iron armature vibratory in response to magnetization of the connected poles of said magnet and so located that when in one position it completes a magnetic connection between said connected poles, and an electrical connection between said elcctrfmagnets whereby current flow through said electromagnets will oppositely magnetize similar ends of said electromagnets, a,

5, A pair of electromagnets having cores-j and located'sid'e by side, a plurality-of per-- manent magnets symmetrically located at one side of said electromagnets and extending at right angles to the axes of said cores, a soft iron bar connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar bar connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores, said bars extending from their points cf connection to the cores away from each other, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said bars.

6. An anomalous magnet structure comprising a permanent magnet section, two electromagnet sections magnetically connected thereto, and a non-magnetic section connecting the electromagnet sections, in combination with a movable armature extending between the ends of the electromagnet sections which are connected to the permanent magnet section, and a stop preventing movement of the armature away from said magnet structure far enough to-create an air gap equal in length to the length of the non-magnetic section.

7. A permanent magnet structure, an electromagnet structure having one end joined to one end of the permanent magnet structure and the other end joined to the other end of the permanent magnet structure and having an intermediate magnetic gap, and an armature so mounted and located as to be adapted to vibrate in response to and to form a bridge for the lines of force passing between said ends Without bridging said gap.

8. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, a plurality of permanent magnets symmetrically located at one side of said electromagnets and extending at right angles to the axes of said cores, a soft iron extension connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar extension connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said extensions.

9. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, a plurality of permanent magnets lccated at one side of said electromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of said cores and at right angles to said axes, a soft iron extension connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar extension connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores. and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said extensions.

10. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, a plurality of permanent magnets located at one side of said electromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of said cores and at rightangles to said axes, a soft iron bar connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar bar connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the ad jacent end of the other of said cores, said bars extending from their points of connection to the cores away from each other, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said bars.

11. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, a plurality of permanent magnets located at one side of said electromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of said cores, a soft iron bar connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of cne of said cores, a similar bar connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores, said bars extending from their points of connection to the cores away from each other, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said bars.

12. A pair of electromagnets having cores and located side by side, a plurality of per manent magnets located at one side of said electromagnets and extending parallel to the plane of the axes of said cores, a soft ircn bar connecting one set of like poles of said permanent magnets to an end of one of said cores, a similar bar connecting the other set of like poles of said permanent magnets to the adjacent end of the other of said cores, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said bars.

13. A magnet structure comprising a pair of electromagnets having cores, and a permanent magnet having soft iron extensions from each pole joined to ends of said cores, in combination with a soft iron armature so located adjacent to said junctions as to be adapted to form a bridge for the lines of force between said junctions and to be unaffected by lines of force which traverse both the permanent magnet and the electromagnets.

14. A pair of electromagnets each having a core and located side by side, a number of permanent magnets, soft iron bars connecting the like poles of said permanent magnets to one end of each core. and an armature located adjacent to said ends.

15. A pair of electromagnets each having a core and located side by side, a number of permanent magnets, soft iron bars connecting the like poles of said permanent magnets to one end of each core, said bars extending away from their points of connection to the cores. and an armature located adjacent to said ends.

16. A pair of electromagnets having cores, a soft iron extension from one pole of one of said electromagnets extending away from the pole of the other of said electromagnets, a Similar extension from one pole of the other of said electromagnets, a permanent magnet the poles of which are magnetically connected to said extensions, and an armature mounted in suitable relation to said extensions.

17. A pair of electromagnets having cores, a series of permanent magnets having soft iron polar extensions connecting the like poles or" said permanent magnets to ends of said cores, and an armature located adjacent to those ends of the cores to Which the extensions are connected.

18. A pair of electromagnets having cores,

a permanent magnet having a soft iron eX- tension from one pole joined to an end of one of said cores and a separate soft iron extension from the other pole joined to an endof the other of said cores, the remaining ends of said cores being magnetically separated, and an armature located adjacent to said extensions.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day of June, A. D. 191.5.

C. E. BEACH.

Vvitnesses CLARK PooL, M. L. THOMAS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

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