US1167755A - Apparatus and process for oxidizing phosphorus. - Google Patents

Description

l. H-E CHENBLEIKNER. APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR OXIDIZING PHOSPHORUS.

APPLICATION FILED Movie. 1914.

1, 16?,755. Immwq Jan. 1 1, 1916.

wit meow/o: vwe wioz INGENUIN HEGHENBLEIKNER, 01? CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA.

APPARATUS AND PROCESS roe OXIDIZING PHOSPHORUS.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. ill, 1916,

Application filed November 6, 1914. Serial No. 870,625.

1 '0 all whom it may cbnjcem lie it known that'I, INcuNUrN HECHEN- BLEIKNER, a subject of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Charlotte, in the county of Mecklenburg and State of North Carolina, have invented new and useful Improvements in Apparatus and Processes for ()Xidizing Phosphorus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the manufacture of phosphorus pentoxid andit is particularly applicable in the production of phosphorus from phosphatic material such as phosphate rock. In the production of phosphorus from such a phosphatic material, the phosphatic material. together witha suitable flux and a carbonaceous material is heated to a very high temperature in an electric furnace, the effect being to drive off oxidizable gases including phosphorus and the phosphorus gas is afterward oxidized to phosphorus pentoxid. These gases which pass from the furnace have a very high temperature and are also capable of developing a further amount of heat by their oxidation.

My invention resides in the novel process and also in the novel apparatus to be de-.

scribed hereinafter.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a process and apparatus which will operate to utilize the heat contained in these gases or developed by their oxidation so as to preheat a charge or portion of the charge before it is fed into the furnace.

A further object of the invention is to provide a process and apparatus which will operate to insure a thorough heating of all parts of the charge before it passes into the furnace.

A further object of the invention is to provide a process andapparatus which will insure a thorough oxidation of the oxidizable gases as they pass through the charge.

Further objects of the invention Wlll appear hereinafter.

The invention consists in those features of pended claims.

In the drawings the figure is a side elevation in partial section through the preprovided with an up-take 4: which is pref erably in the form of an elbow in order to facilltate the practising of my invention.

The furnace is supplied with a phosphate rock preferably in the form of calcium phosphate, a suitable flux such as silica, and a carbonaceous material such ascarbon, charcoal or coke. The reaction which takes place in the furnace is substantially as follows From an inspection of this formula, it is apparent that oxidizable gases pass out of the furnace in the form of carbon monoxid and phosphorus. Furthermore, these gases are at a very high temperature.

According to my process and apparatus, I employ the sensible heat and the calorific power of these gases to raise the temperature of the incoming charge which is to be introduced into the furnace, and I preferably exclude from the charge which is heated by the gases, the carbonaceous material so as to prevent its combustion and to insure its being delivered into the furnace.

According to my invention I prefer to provide means for holding a charge of material exclusive of the carbonaceous material and arranged so as to pass the gases through the mass of this charge, and also arranged so that the charge progresses slowly toward the furnace ina continuous stream. I pass the gases in a current through this charge and agitate the charge so as to effect a thorough heating thereof.

The holder for the charge referred to is preferably in the form of a duct 9 which is preferably slightly inclined and which cons the elbow, and through these air or oxygen the tubular .duct-in position.

The elbow 3 is preferretractory of suitable luclnl. ably similarly constructed out of |ire-l.)'rick and metal.

I provide means for feeding the phosphatie material and the flux or. silicious ma upwardly through the elbow and"through the duct. This is preferably accomplished by rotating the duct onits longitudinal axis. For this purpose the weight of the duct is preferably taken on a suitable frame 12. the upper part of said frame being provided with rollers 10 receiving rings 10 on the exterior of the duct; These rollers arc prefcrably [lunged and form a cradle to hold The duct is also provided with an encircling gear wheel ll with. which meshes a pinion 11, said pinion being driven by any suitable gearing 11". The interior of the duct is preferably provided with longitudinal ribs 13 formed in the lire-brick.v The charge being in a finely divided state as this duct rotates, the material is being constantly carried up on theascemling side of the duct and falls back toward the bottom. In this way a very thorough mixture of the cl arge ta ltcs place and a thorough heating by the gases pass ing through the duct. Such an arrangement as this will operate to extract a large portion of the sensible heat of these gases, but I prefer also to utilize the'calorific power of the gases so 'as to. benefit by. the heat developed and also burn the phosphorus toits pentoxid (P 0 For this purpose. I prefer to provide inlet openings 7 which are preferably in the upper side of passes inwardly: the inward draft at this point is caused bythe velocity of the gases passing outwardly from the elbow. The tan-bonaceous material is preferably fed into the furnace through the upper side of the .elbow through the medium of a suitable charging hopper 6. In other words, I provide means for separately or independently feeding the carbonaceous material to the furnace in such a way that it is not passed through the duct 9. Although the charge in the duct is pref: erably in a finely divided state, 'it is pref crably as free from dust as possible, but in order-to remove all the dust possible after the gases pass from the duct, I prefer to provide a dust collector of any suitable type, such as indicated at 15. The dust collector illustrated is of a simple upright cylindrical form. the middle of the (lust chamber within the same. being provided with a balile wall 17 which directs'the current of gases downwardly so that they pass under the loweredge of the ballle plate and upwardly on the opposite side. The momentum of the dust in the downwardly directed current causes the dustto collect at the bottom of the chamber. The upper side of the dustcolleetor can be provided with a suitable outlet pipe 19 which may connect with a suitable exhaust fan 20 which delivers the exhaust gases through a suitable pipe 21.

' It is understood that I may employ any suitable type of dust collectors. the one illustrated being simply by way of example.

As the gases pass through the duct. they mix with the oxygen or air which is admitted by the air inlets 7 so that the carbon ,monoxid' and the phosphorus in the gases become oxidized according to the following form u l asaid mass as it progresses toward the fur mice to pro-heat the same, and separately feeding the carbonaceous material into the furnacef 2. The process of'manufacturing phos- 'phoric acid which consists in heating together in a furnace phosphatic material, a silicious flux and a carbonaceous material, feeding and conducting a stream of the phosphatic material and the. flux toward the furnace. passing the gases from the furnace through said strean'i as it progresses toward the furnace to pre-heat the same, and separately feeding the :arbonaceous material into the furnace.

3. The process of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists in 'heating together in a furnace phosphatic.material, a flux and a carbonaceous material to drive off phosphorus gas and carbon monoxid gas. feet ing and conducting a stream of the phosphatic material and the flux toward the furnace. passing said phosphorus gas through said stream'and admitting air to said stream to effect a further oxidation of the phosphorus and the carbon monoxid while passing in said stream, and thereby pie-heating the material in said stream.

4. The process'of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists in heating together in a furnace phosphatic material, a silicious flux and a carbonaceous material to produce phosphorus gas and carbon monoxid, leading said phosphorus gas and said monoxid in a current from the furnace, feeding and conducting a stream of. the phosphatic material and the flux in a divided condition toward the furnace, revolving the said stream to effect its gradual progress toward the furnace, and introducing oxygen into said stream to oxidize the phosphorus to phosphorus pentoxid, and to oxidize therarbon monoxid to carbon dioxid-within the stream, and thereby pre-heating the materialn in the stream before it passes into the furnace.

5. The process of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists in heating together ina furnace phosphatic material, a silicious flux and a carbonaceous material to produce phosphorus gas and carbon m.on oxid, leading said phosphorus gas and said monoxid in a current from the furnace, feed ing and conducting a stream of the phos phatic material and the flux through said current toward the furnace, revolving the said stream to effect its gradual progress toward the furnace, and introducing oxygen into said stream to oxidize the phosphorus to phosphorus pentoxid, and to oxidize the carbon monoxid to carbon dioxid Within the stream, and thereby preheating the column before it passes into the furnace, and feeding a carbonaceous material into the furnace. 1

6. In an apparatus for producing phos phoric acid, in combination, afurnace for heating together a phosphatic material, a

'flux and a carbonaceous material, a duct through which gases'from the furnace pass, means for feeding the phosphatic material and the flux to the furnace through said duct, said furnace having an inlet opening for admitting said carbonaceous material to the furnace hearth without passing the same through said duct.

7. In an apparatus for producing phosphoric acid, in combination, a furnace for heating together phosphatic material, a flux and a carbonaceous material to form phosphorusgas and carbon monoxid gas, a duct for conducting the phosphatic material and the flux into the furnace andthrough which the said gases-pass, said duct constituting means for effecting the oxidation of said phosphorus and said carbon monoxidwithin said duct and thereby preheat the material in said duct as it passes to'said furnace.

8'. In anvapparatus for producing phosphoric acid, in combination, a furnace for heating together phosphatic material, a flux and a carbonaceous material to .form phosphorus gas and carbon monoxid gas, a duct for conducting the phosphatic material and the flux into the furnace and through'which the said gases pass, said duct constituting means for effecting the oxidation of said phosphorus and said carbon monoxid within said duct and thereby pre-heat the material in said duct as it passes to said furnace, and means for rotating said duct to produce a thorough heating and mixture of the contents of said duct. 1

In an apparatus for producing phosphoricacid, in combination, a furnace for heating together phosphat-ic material, a flux and a carbonaceous material to form phosphorus gas and carbon monoxid a duct for conducting the phosphatic material and the flux into the furnace and through which the said gases pass, said duct constituting means for effecting the'oxidation of said phosphorus and said carbon monoxid within said duct and thereby pre-heat the material in said duct as it passes to said furnace, and means for admitting oxygen to said duct to effect the oxidation of said phosphorus gas and said carbon monoxid within said duct to pre-heat the material in said'duct, and means for rotating said duct to produce a thorough heating andanixture of thecontents thereof.

10. In an apparatus for producing phosphoric acid, a furnace for heating together phosphatic material, a flux, and a carbonaceous material, and thereby driving ofi' oxidizable gases including phosphorus, means for holding a mass of the flux and the phosphatic material in a finely divided state and arranged so that the said oxidizable gases pass from the'furnace through said mass,

means for admitting air to effect the oxidation of the oxidizable gases while passing through said mass, and a filter arranged to receive the oxidized gases to remove the particles of dust carried thereby.

11. The process of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists in heating together in a furnace phosphatic material, a

flux, and a carbonaceous material todrive off oxidizable gases including phosphorus, preparing a charge for the furnace exclusive of the carbonaceous material, passing the gases from said furnace through said charge and thereby effecting the oxidation of the phosphorus in the gases as they pass through said charge to pre-heat the charge before it enters the furnace, and feeding carbonaceous material into the furnace.

12. The process of manufacturing phosphorlc acid which consists in heating together 1n a furnace phosphatic material, a flux, and a carbonaceous material to drive off oxidizable gases including phosphorus, preparing acharge for the furnace exclusive of the carbonaceous material, passing the gases from said furnace through said charge and effecting the oxidation of the a phosphorus in the gases as they pass through said charge to preheat the charge before it enters the furnace, agitating the charge while the gases are passing through the same, and feedingcarbonaceous material into the furnace.

18. The process of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists 1n heating togetherin a furnace phosphatic material, a

enters the furnace, and feeding carbonaceous I material into the furnace.

14:. The process of manufacturing phosphoric acid which consists in heating together in a furnace phosphatic material, a flux and a carbonaceous material to drive off oxidizable gases including phosphorus, preparing a charge for the furnace including the flux and the phosphatic material, passing the gases from said furnace through ofi oxidizable gases including phosphorus,

preparing a charge for the furnace including the flux and the phosphatic material in a finely divided state, passing the gases from said furnace through said charge, admitting oxygen to effect the oxidation of the phosphorus gases as they pass through said charge to preheat the charge before it enters the furnace, filtering the dust from the gases after they pass from the charge, and feeding carbonaceous material into the furnace.

In testimony whereof I hay 1e hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

INGENUIN HEGHENBLEIKNER- lVitnesses: V. H. MARTIN, Jr., '13. Q. MARSHALL.

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