US1164840A - Vitreous ware and metal and method of making same. - Google Patents

Description

R. G. MILLER.

VITREOUS WARE AND METAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME. APPLICATION FILED APR. I2, 19H.

1,164,840. Patented Dec. 21, 1915.

A T TORNEY:

ROBERT GRIFFEN MILLER, OF MOUNT HOLLY SPRINGS, PENNSYLVANIA.

VITREOUS WARE AND METAL AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME.

7 '0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ROBERT GRIEFEN MIL- LER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Mount Holly Springs, in the county of Cumberland, State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Vitreous Ware and Metal and Method of Making Same, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to structures combining vitreous ware and metal.

My object is to combine with a vitreous ware an alloy having heat resisting qualities, while the vitreous substance is in the plastic state and then burn the vitreous ware with the metal or portion thereof embedded therein. The heat required to burn the vitreous body will not injuriously affect the metal alloy. The fusing point of the alloy is approximately 2, 900 F., and the range of temperature within which it would be injuriously affected is between 2,700 F. and 2,900 F., while the heat required for burning the vitreous body is approximately 2,400 F. This leaves a margin of safety for the alloy of about 300 F. It is well known that the temperature at which the ordinary metals such as iron or steel would be injuriously affected is much below 2, l00 F. By forming an alloy however, that will stand a temperature without damage, of several hundred degrees above that necessary for burning vitreous ware I am able to combine the metal with the vitreous ware. That is, the metal or a portion thereof is embedded in vitreous ware while the latter is in the plastic state so that when the same is burned the metal alloy is entirely uninjured.

It is obvious that metal parts may be advantageously combined with vitreous ware for many purposes, for instance as a reinforcement for china receptacles, or as means.

for attaching other bodies thereto, such as an element of a hinge for a lid, or a pipe for a lavatory, or as an element for a support for various operating mechanisms, and my invention is especially useful for sanitary structures or structures relating to the electric art where insulation is a requirement.

Referring to the drawings merely as ex- Figure 1 is'an elevation in part section of the sanitary device showing a hinge element and also a supply pipe, secured in place before burning. vFig. 2 is a part sectional view of a Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 12, 1911.

sufficiently subjected as above stated,

Patented Dec. 21, 1915. Serial No. 620,600.

combination of an electric conductor and an insulating covering therefor and a metallic casing surrounding same. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of an electric switch embodying my invention.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

By a careful and thorough mixture of certain base metals when in the molten state, I am able to produce an extremely cheap alloy which is capable of being worked or wrought in any of the ways practically that iron or steel may be worked that is, it may be forged or cast or cut, and also it possesses a high degree ofconductivity for electric currents.

In molding a sanitary device such as is shown in Fig. 1, it is only necessary to mold the vitreous ware while in the plastic state into its proper form with the parts 4 and 5 of the metal alloy embedded in said vitreous ware. \Vhen the vitreous body 6 has become dry as in the ordinary treatment of china and other pottery, the same is placed in the kiln in the usual way and burnt, the heat to which the china or vitreous body is is several hundred degrees. below the fusing point of the metal alloy and therefore the metal parts are entirely unaffected by said burning.

In a similar way an electric conductor 7 composed of the metal alloy may be incased in a tube 8 of vitreous material such as china,w hile the same is in the plastic state, and this tube again may be placed or inserted in a surrounding tube 9 of the metal alloy to form a protecting armor for said insulating tube 80f china. The whole may then be burnt in the usual way in the kiln at the temperature to which vitreous ware is usually subjected without inany way injuring the conducting member 7 of metal afioy and the protecting covering 9 of metal a oy.

In a similar way the terminals 10- and 11 of the metallic alloy may be embedded in the base 12 of vitreous material when in the plastic state, the whole may be burnt in the usual way in a kiln without injuriously affecting the metallic terminals. amples of applications of my invention, 2

4 A suitable alloy for carrying out my inven- 1 tion comprises 65% nickel, 22% manganese this formula may be somewhat varied, or

other ingredientsadded, to meet diderent 7 2,400 there is no further expansion either of metal 'or,clay. There is a slight contraction of the clay due to escaping moisture and volatile substances. As the body cools the clay and metal form a coherent and practically integral mass.

it will be obvious that the above are merely instances of an almost unlimited application of the combination of a metal alloy having a high temperature point of fusion, with a vitreous body while the latter is in the plastic state and then subjecting the vitreous body to the usual temperature in burning" the same without affecting injuriously the metal.

Applicant is aware that spark plugs have been manufactured by combining platinum points with a vitreous body and other com binations of enamel and the precious metals have been employed, but it'willbe obvious that, due to the high cost of the precious metals their application to the uses and purposes herein specified are prohibited.

What I claim is j 1. The method which consists in. combining with a vitreous mass in the plastic state, abody of metal alloy having a co-eflicient of expansion and contraction, corresponding substantially to that of the vitreous substance and capable of withstanding, with-;

out injury, the burning heat of the vitreous mass, the body of metal alloy wholly or partly embedded in the vitreous mass, and the combined mass then subjected to a burning heat to harden the vitreous substance.

2. The method which consists in combin-' ing with a plastic mass of vitreous subbody of metal alloy, having a co-efiicient of expansion corresponding substantially to that at the vitreous substance, combined therewith, the vitreous substance burned hard about the metal body and the two bodies comprising a rigid coherent mass.

5. A body of burned vitreous substance and an element of alloy of nickel combined therewith, the vitreous body and the metal element comprising a rigid coherent mass.

6. A. body of burned vitreous substance and an element comprising substantially 65% nickel, 22% manganese and 13% iron combined therewith in a rigid coherent mass.

7. In a body of china clay and a body of metal alloy of the character described combined therewith,.the china clay burned hard about the metal body and the two bodies comprising arigid coherent mass.

8. The methodwhich consists in combining a body of metal alloy of the character described with a mass of china clay in the plastic state and hardening the plastic mass by burning.

ROBERT GRIFFEN MILLER.

Witnesses:

MAn HOEMANN,

HOWARD T. OKIE.

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