US1158765A - Screw-driver and other tool. - Google Patents

Description

E. L. AIKEN.

SCREW DRIVER AND OTHER TOOL.

APPLICATION FILED JAN 18 1,158,765. Patented Nov. 2, 1915.

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SCREW-DRIVER AND OTHER TOOL.

' Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented'Nov. 2, 1915.

Application filed January 18, 1915, Serial ll'o. 2,966.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD L. A a citizen'of the United States of Amer ca, and resident of Springfield, in the county of -Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Screw-Drivers and other Tools,.

shank or spindle will be forcibly rotatively. -moved when the member through which the power is applied is turned in one direction, such shank remaining passive and unafiected by the power member when the latter is reversely turned. r

The object of the present invention to provide-a tool having the ratchet 210131011 1 but in which, however, there 1s, instead of pawls and ratchet wheels, and parts cooperative therewith novel devices of dis similar and simplified character which are entirely-efficient, preferable to ratchet de vices, and 7 generally satisfactory and de sirable.

A further object of the invention is to. IPIiOVlClQ constructions and arrangements in the tool whereby the shank or work member thereof may, as elected, be turned forwardly or backwardly underthe forcible impulses, rotatively, of the handle or power memiber,th e relatively reversed movements of the power member being ineffective turning of the tool shank.

The invention is described in conjunction 7 portions of the invention are embodied, on i a larger scale for increased .clearness of illustration. Figs. 3' and dare cross sectional views .on lines 3-53 and .4l4, Fig. 1, respec- 'tively, as seen in the directionsindicated by the arrows shown in congunction with the section lines.

for the Fig. 5 is a side view of the lockingor binding members removed from their place of action in the tool; Fig. 6 is an end view showing constructions or. formations provided at the lower end of the handle or power member.

Similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all of the views.

I will proceed to describe the tool, here exemplified as a screw driver. exactly and specliically as the same has been constructed by me, it being understood that changes and departures from these constructions may be made within the scope of the invention and the purview of the claims without departure therefrom. H

Inthe drawings,.A represents the shank, spindle, or work member of the tool having atan intermediate portion thereof a fixed cylindrical or cup-shaped casing B, the same having the upwardly opening circular chamher a therein, and a circular cavity 7) of re duced diameter.

C and D represent approximately semispherical friction shoes normally loosely fitted in the circular cavity or chamber 6 in the casing B, one being somewhat wider than the other as shown in Figs. 3, d and 5; and these friction shoes or binding member-s are adapted to have separating move-' ments one relatively to the other for engagement against the wall in the casing which surrounds them. Z) I) represent fulcrum members between said shoes at points opposite the axis of the tool; In the present instance the adjacent inner edges of the shoes have vertical grooves or are shaped channels parallel with the axis of the device, within, and retained by which, are small-cylindrical blocks constituting the fulcrum members 6. The wider shoe C has a rabbet in its top opening to its narrow edge whereby a straight backing-up shoulalinement diametrically of the tool but the said lever bars may either of them,but

Gr represents the handle loosely encircling I the portion of the tool shank or spindle A above the cylindrical casing B ;j the'same having a retaining nut c on its upper end,

between which and'the internal shoulder at the bottom of the counterbore in thehandle a spring 9 is provided under compres-' sion; the handle is, therefore, capable of an endwise movement, as well as a rotatlve movement relatively to the spindle; and the V straddling engagement over either one or the other of the end portions of the lever bars which outwardly project beyond the edges of the shoes. The other oppositely located recess a in the annular flange of the handle isconsiderably wider than the recess 72, so

that while the handle, by reason of the straddling engagement which its recessed flange has with one of thelever bars 1s eflective, under the rotative movement of the handle in one direction, to swing such lever bar, the flange by reason of'the opposite recess being so wide will not affect, or be obstructed by, the opposite lever bar in the operation or use of the tool.

Assumingthe handle is adjusted with relation to the clutching devices as represented in Fig. 3, that iswith the narrow recessed portion of the flange in engagement with the lever bar which is shown uppermost, the

. turning of the handle in the direction of 4'0 the arrow will swing the lever bar in the corresponding direction with the result of edgewise engaging the shoe D and swinging it from the relatively lower one of the fulcrums b to its bind with the wall of the casing, and compel the shank of the screw driver to be turned in conjunction with the handle. There will be, by reason of the crowding action as between the two shoes in opposite directions, a binding action by the shoe C as well also as by the one D.

The rotative movement of the handle with its flange in a direction the reverse of the arrow shown in Fig. 3 relieves the frictional binding action of the device and the handle is free to be reversely turned for a half a rotation, or to any extent of rotative movement preparatory to the next working impulse by the again turning of the-handle in the direction of the aforementioned arrow.

The parts conditioned or adjusted'as represented in Fig. 3 are such as to afford a forward or right hand driving action of the V screw driver A or other work member; but by diametrically reversing the relations of the parts from those represented in Fig. 3,

that having the part of the annular flange J which is provided with a narrower recess h in engagement with the relatlvelylower' one F'of the leverbars, the screw driver or work member will then be in clutch forthe reverse or leftward turning of the handle I r or power member as desirable for an nn screwmg action.

vided with the recessed annular flange j to a position diametrically'opposite from one;

previously assumed is most easily and ,readily accomplished by the endwise drawing of particular one desiredof the lever H16 Shifting reversal of the handle pro i i Q The flange or wall m of the cup' or casing B is of a size, diametrically, to 'closely 'fit about and inclose the recess-provided flange j which is appurtenant to the handle, thereby lending an attractively simple and sightly aspect to the tool, and functionally servlceable to exclude dust, dirt or extraneous matter from entrance into the work ing parts of the device. r J i While the tool has been shown and described as one having the capability of reversal, whereby the work member may, as elected, be forwardly or reversely driven, for the maximum utility of the implement, the invention is not understood as necessarily, in all respects, limited to'its duplicated and reversible character; for the invention is susceptible of being embodied in a manifest way in a tool havingtheoapability of only a one way "rotative driving action. V

As obvious the work memberconstitnted by the shank or spindle A instead of being formed as a screw driver may be made as a tool of different character and the design of the power members or handle may be considerably modified from that shown, Without the exercise of further invention.

Iclaim: J 1. In a tool of the character described, in

combination, a tool shank having a fixed cylindrical casing, a pair of friction shoes in said casing, one of which is adapted to have a separating movement relatively to theother for a binding engagementagainst the wall of said casing, a fulcrum member between said shoes-whereby the one may have its separating movement from the other pivotally from said fulcrum, a lever bar on the one shoe, edgewise engaged" against a portion of such shoe and prevented from being swung in one direction and edgewise engaging and crowding the other shoe, and a handle member loosely connected with the tool shank, above the casing, for a rotative movement relatively thereto, and having an engagement with said lever bar.

2. In a tool of the character described, in combination, a tool shank having a fixed cylindrical casing, a pair of friction shoes in said casing, one of which is adapted to have a separating movement relatively to the other for a binding engagement against the wall of said casing, a fulcrum member between said shoes whereby the one may have its separating movement from the other pivotally from said fulcrum, a lever bar on the one shoe, having an engagement thereagainst whereby it is prevented from being swung in one direction but capable of swinging in the opposite direction and edgewise engaging the other shoe, and a handle member loosely connected with the tool shank above the casing, for a rotative movement relatively thereto, and having a portion of annular form rovided with a recess therein adapted to fit and engage the said lever bar.

3. In a tool of the character described, in combination, a tool shank having a fixed cylindrical casing, a pair of friction shoes in said casing, one of which is adapted to have a separating movement relatively to the other for a binding engagement with the wall of said casin oppositely located lever bars pivoted on the one shoe, edgewise engaged against such shoe and prevented from being swung in one direction but capable of swinging in the opposite direction and edgewise engaging the other shoe, and a handle member loosely connected with the tool shank above the casing, for a rotative movement relatively thereto, and havin an annular flange formed with a recess at one of its sides to fit and engage one of the lever members and having at its'opposite side a recess wider than the lever bar, such handle member being diametrically reversible on the tool shank whereby the narrow flange may have engagement with either of the lever bars.

l. In a tool of the character described, in combination, a tool shank having a fixed cylindrical casing, a pair of friction shoes in said casing, one of which is adapted to have a separating movement relatively to the other for a binding engagement against the wall of said casing, located at separated points, fulcrum members between Said shoes whereby the one shoe may have its separating movementfrom the other pivotally from either fulcrum, lever bars pivoted on the one shoe, and prevented from being swung in. one direction relatively to such shoe, but free to swing in the opposite direction for a crowding action against the other shoe, and a handle member loosely connected with the tool shank, above the casing, for a rotative and also a sidewise movement relatively thereto, and having an annular flange provided with opposite recesses one of which of the width of, and to fit either of, said shoes, and the other of which recesses is wider than said shoes.

5. In a tool of thecharacter described, in combination, a tool shank having a fixed cylindrical casing, a pair of friction shoes of approximately hemi-cylindrical form in said casing, one of which is adapted to have a separating movement relatively to the other for a binding engagement with the wall of said casing, and one of said shoes having a rabbet in its top opening to its inner edge, fulcrum members between said shoes at points opposite the axis of the tool, lever bars oppositely located, set within the rabbet of the shoe and pivoted thereto, the wall of the rabbet being capable of swinging toward and edgewise engaging the other shoe, a handle member loosely connected with the tool shank above the casing, fora rotative movement relatively thereto, and having an annular flange formed with a recess at one of its sides to fit and engage one ofthe lever members and having at its opposite side a recess wider than the lever bar, such handle member being diametrically reversible on the tool shank whereby the narrow flange recess may have engagement with either of the lever bars.

Signed by me at Springfield, Mass, in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

EDWARD L. AIKEN.

Witnesses:

G. R. DRIsooLL, WM. S. BnLLows;

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, I). G.

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