US1008273A - System for distillation. - Google Patents

Description

J. m. w; KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

1,008,273 APPLIOATIOK FILED MAY 20, 1907. NOV. 7,

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I I Inventor: MW A/M m w by fi wLmaem, I

J. M. W. KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOB. DISTILLATION.

APPLIOATIONTILED MAY 20, 1907.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

J. M. W, KITCHEN. SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 20,- 1907.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

entar:

Patented Nov 3,1911.

J. M. W. KITCHEN.

SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATiQN. APPLIUATION FILED MAY 20, 1907.

Patented Nov. 7,1911.

Attest:

To all whom it may concern;

UNIT-ED STATES PATENT, curios.

' JOSEPH MOSES was!) KITCHEN, or EAST ORANGE, NEWJERSEY.

SYSTEM FOR DISTILLATION.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented NOV. 7, 1911.

Application flled'may 20, 1907. ierlallq'o. 374,654.

gases produced in .the distilling process; to reduce the cost of repairs; to economize 1n the amount of land occupied by the distilling plant; to utilize to the fullest extent the value of the fixed gases necessarily produced in the distilling process through the combined application oi'xtlieforce of the explosion of the gas and the heat generated by the explosion of the gas; and to utilize-regeneratively the heat carried from the stills by the variousdistillates.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 representsa vertical side elevational view of a system containing my invention, it being partly in section and aving parts broken away. Fi 2 is an elevational view'of the reverse si e of the' system shown in Fig. 1,

, parts bein brokenaway and parts being in section. ig. 3 is a plan view of the same system, partly in section, on the line 33 Fig. 1, and.parts being broken away. Fig.

4 is a vertical elevation of the same system,

partly in' section on; the line-44 Fig. 1, and arts being brokenawayu Fig. ,5 is a detail sectional view of an automatic heat regulator drawn on alarger scale. Fig. 6 is a front view of the regulator shown in The reference characters represent the Same parts in all the figures, and indicate asfollows-z 5 v A is an air heating eco'nomizer.

A are air tubes;

A is'an outlet for water of condensation.

' B are compression itanks.

Bis a safety valve. 7 C 1s acombustion chamber.-

G 'is the wall of the building amusing Q the system.

.' C is the roof of the building.

C, C, and G are heat diluting and gas 7 admixing compartments.

e object of the invention, which is of D is a device for admitting air for reducing the temperature of hot gases.

D is an automatic device for further regulatingthe temperature of gases. A 1 D are emergency dampers for the exit of hot gases.

D are gasapertures or passages.

* D isan air slide.

gases. ous one; to prevent the incrustation of coke T in the stills; to reduce the amount of fixed grate air forcombustion.

' bustion.

D' -is a handle for actuating the slide D". E is an internal combustion engine.

E is a discharge pipe for exhaust engine F is an engine for pumping water. F is a force pump.

G is a grate.

Gr are air twyers for introducing under- G 'are over-fire apertures for air for itomare conduits forvolatilized va ors.

I is a condenser for the first distillate. I is a condenser for the second distillate. I is a condenser for a third distillate.

J is an economizer for cooling tarry resi- 30 due and for producing steam.

L- is "a rotary blower. .L are warm air condults. 'L? is a conduit for compressed air.

3' is'a tar. conduit. K is a waste gas stack. K is a chimney flue.

L is a damper for controlling over-fire air introduction.

. L is a damper for controlling the intro- 90 ,duction of air underneath the grate G.

M indicates a fan motor.

: M is an induction fan for inducing a draft.

are connecting and ;inter-communicating oil pi es.

N are eating pipes. N" are headers. O is an oil tank.

A O -isapip'e for'conveying" oil to thestill S.

O is an automatic, valve. O3 is anoil supply pipe.

is a P p r Qmpressingst am"5 .1 5. "mniifimyiv 'f. ,i.

Q are air diluting. Passages 'fOr ad unct control of gas temperatures. t a v Q are air apertures. Q? are slides for the air diluter Q. R is a shaft. f f I R is a spiral thermostat. v

M is a rotary pump for pumping crude oil. I Y

R is a motor arm. i

R is an anti-friction wheel. R is a lid.

R is a counter-weight.

R is a hinge shaft.

R is a handle for actuating the emergency dampers D S is the primary still for producing naphtha products. r

S is a secondary still.

S is the third still.

S are intermediate gas passages.

T is a tar cleaning tank.

T are explosion and vapor outlets.

U is a steam main.

U is a waste steam conduit.

U are outlets from the steam main.

U are the steam conduits leading from the condensers and the economizer J.

V is a water pipe. I

V is a by-pass pipe forwarmed water.

W represents masonry walls.

X are distillate outlets.

Y is acoal car.

Z is an overflow pipe for tar residue.

The principles applied to this distilling system are: first: to secure a relatively perfect and complete combustion of the fuel.

used. Second: to dilute the heat of the gaseous products of combustion with air after combustion has been perfected, for reducing the temperature of the gases efiecting the distilling process to a point (say about 700 degrees ,F.) that will prevent the formation of coke incrustations in the stills.

Third: to apply the heat thus diluted or reduced to the oil progressively, gradually losing the heat of the gases to the oil and surfaces in counter-currents.

progressively heating the oil; the oil and the heating gases bemg brought appositely in contact with the intermediary heating Fourth: when applying the counter-current principle, to

use the'vertical counter-current; the heating draft, mechanically produced, throughout the whole system, from and including the furnace, and extending through all the heating and intermediate gas conveying cavit es of the system. Seventh: to provide for each stilla separate condenser, and to ec'onomize the heat of each, distillate by forming steam in each individual condenser. Eighth: to utilize the steam thus generated by produeing it at a low pressure and giving it a strong expansive pressure through mechani- Looeme cal compression, by'the intense force of gas explosion, and then to use the steam thus mechanically compressed in those places in which it can be advantageously utilized.

The furnace here shown is designed to use fine coal dust; and is hand fired. There are several furnaces in the system, so that the grate which pertains to either of the furnaces may be cleaned while the other grates may continue to burn fuel producing heat enough to keep up a continuous distillation in the system. Each furnace has a controlled air supply, both above and below the fuel mass. (See dampers L and L which control the admission of air through the apertures G and G 'As I economize heat in many ways in this system, I save much of the heat of radiation and some hydro-carbon vapors, by inclosing the system in a building C}, and by making the roof of this building impervious to the upward exit of warm air and volatilized gases; and also by making the roof C of thin metallic sheeting, much of the suns heat can be transmitted tl'irough the roof. Heated air and also ill smelling hydrocarbon vapors that would otherwise contaminate the atmosphere of the neighbor hood, are thus collected and held in the concavity below the roof of the building. I draw air and hydrocarbon vapors for combustion from an upper level near the apex of the roof of the building, through the air conductor U, by means of the rotary fan L. I also use the heat of waste steam and of water of condensation to heat air for combustion, by drawing air through the piping A which runs vertically through the economizer A, into which waste steam is introduced at a high level; and in which water of condensation collects in the lower part of the economizer. As air is drawn from below upwardthrough the economizer A, it

is primarily heated in its travel by the water of condensation, and then is further heated by the exhaust steam in the upper part of the economizer. The air thusheated along with the warmed air from the top of the building is passed by the fan L through the conduit L to the various furnaces. Any superfluity of waste steam that is not condensed in .the economizer A is discharged through the pipe U Fig. 3 into the upperpart of the combustion chamber C, helping to dilute the temperature of the heating gases, and adding to the sum total of the heat absorbed in the stills of the system.

Any waste gas from the engine E is also economized in the same way by being dis-- charged into the conduit U from the engine E through the pipeE which is broken for clearness. As the gases rise in the combustionchamber C they arediluted with air through the tubes D iust'before the gases are passed through the apertures D. The

entrance of air through the tubes D is controlled by the'air slide D" actuated by the handle D. In order to prevent too high a temperature in the heating gases, and also.

to get a proper admixture ofthe gases with air, the superimposed compartments C, C and C, are provided, and which are divided from each other by masonry arches or bafiles covered with ashes which prevents direct upward convection of heat. The gases having to pass through the apertures D" successively from one side of the compartments to the other, the gases and air are well admixed before they. reach the top of'the still S To obviate any oversight on the part of the attendants, the automatic temperature regulator or thermostat D is provided (see Fig. 5). By means of the spiral R the shaft R is rotated by increases of temperature, and if the temperature becomes too high the arm R pushes the Wheel R against the lid R allowing cool air to enter the compartment C. The lid R is hinged on the shaft R, and each lid has a counter weight It". Slight pressure is all that is necessary for the action of the spiral R to open the lids and allow cool air to enter. As a further prevention from overheating the oil in the battery of stills in the system, I provide the emergency "dampers D at the top of the compartment. C. These can be manipulated by hand, and if the temperature of the gases is too'high, the gases can find exit through the apertures controlled by thedampers D at the top of the compartment C.

The induced draft acting through the system is effected by the induction fan M actuated by the steam turbine-motor M;

The induction fan M draws the gases through the system and through the chimney flue K and expels them through the gas stack K. There are two such fans and stacks for the system. I use, for a further control of the temperature acting on each still of the battery after the gases'have passed the still S air introduced through the passages Q and air apertures Q which are controlled by the slides Q The air coming from the heating cavity of one still can thus have its temperature reduced if necessary in its travel upward through an intermediate space between each \still and before being applied to the next still of the battery. The travel of the gases under the influence of the induction fans is as follows: After passing from the furnace and through the compartments C", G and C,they pass into the cavity containing the still S at the.

top of the cavity, and pass down to the bottom of that cavity; then upthrough an intermediate gas passage S into the top of the cavity containing the still S and downward through that cavity, and soon until they have passed through all the stilLcavities in the system, and are finally expelled I of combustion in the furnaces proportionately to the extent of the heating surface provided in the battery of stills, all the heat generated in the furnaces or introduced above the furnaces, can be utilized by having it absorbed into the oil in the travel of divided currents of the oil through the several stills in contra-current to the travel of the heating ases.

I utilize t e heat of the several distillates driven off from the several stills, by carrying each distillate through a separ'ate condenser. I is the condenser for the still S, I is the condenser for the still S and I is the condenser for the still S Cold water for condensing is forced by the pump F actuated by the engine F through the watermain V into the bottom of each condenser and also into the bottom of the economizer J which cools the residual tarry product overflowing from the still S through the pipe Z. There are valved connections V connecting the several condensers, and the tar cooler J ,so arranged that some of the warmed water in any condenser may be conve ed to the next one. Inasmuch as the distil ate carrying 0d heat from each successive still carries a greater amount of heat than that from the preceding still, it is evident that water of a pro ressively increasing temperature will con ense distillates of progressively increased temperatures. The vapor of each distillate is introduced at the top of the special condenser provided for it and passes downward through vertically l disposed piping in contra-current to the condensing water that travels upward in each condenser, which water is gradually heated in its upward travel; and before arriving at the top begins to emit steam. The resid- E. This engine uses as fuel the fixed gases that are produced in the system. Previously this fixed gas has usuallybeen burned under the stills; but I first utilize its explosive force to exhaust the steamfrom the condensers and the economizer U, and to mechanically give great pressure to the steam and then use the heat of the explosion as an ad unct means of heatingthe stills. The

mechanically compressed steam is forced into the storage tank B under a high working pressure, from which tank it may be further treatment in the production of lubricating oils and paraflin.

The drawings here presented indicate the application of my invention to the primary distillation of crude oil only; but the same principles may be applied to further processes in connection with the treatment of petroleum oils in securing their purification from sulfur compounds, and in other distilling and refining processes. This method of distillation can also be used in connection with'the treatment of products other than petroleum oils.

What I claim as new is:

' 1. in a distilling system, the combination of (l) a plurality or battery of stills, (2) a furnace for producing heating gases for said stills, (3) means for reducing the heating gases to a temperature that will not cause coke incrustation in said stills, and (4) means for the mechanical induction of a draft through said battery or plurality of stills and said furnace, said draft drawing heating gases through said furnace and progressively through said battery of stills and over the heating surfaces of said stills to and for delivering said gases into the waste stack of said system.

2. In a distilling system, the combination.

of a battery of stills, (2) a furnace for generating heating gases for the direct heating of said stills with saidgases, (3) means for inducing a draft through said system, first through said furnace and then drawing the gases generated in said furnace successively over each of the stills in said system, said batteryiof stills being arranged between said furnace and said induction means, said stills being located separately in individual heating cavities and comprising vertically disposed tubing connecting at the top and communicating with a chamber head for the disengagement of distilled vapors, and connected at the bottom with means for'conveying oil into said vertically disposed tubing, (4:) an oil reservoir for supplying oil continuously to said stills, (5) piping for the conveyance of oil, connecting said reservoir with the still of said system requiring the application of the least heat, and providing for the flow of said oil from said reservoir tothe bottom of said last named still, said piping providing for conveying an overflow from the top of each still to the bottom of another still and thus on in series through all the stills of said system, and (6) means for regulating the degree of heat applied to each still and for progressively losing heat to each still from the gases generated insaid furnace, for securing successive fractionates from the several stills of the system. i

3. In a distilling system, the combination with a plurality or series of stills, of (l) a furnace for producing heat for heating the stills of said systcm with the hot gases generated in said furnace, (2) means for conveying said heat to said plurality of stills and for losing said heat in the travel of the heating gases through absorption of said heat in decreasing amounts to each successive still, each of said stills providing heating surfaces for the fractional volatilization of a separate distillate from each still, condensers for each still, comprising means for producing steam from the condensation of the distillates passed, into each offsaid' condensers, and (4) means for conveying the steam produced in all of said condensers to a place for use in said system.

4. in a distilling system, the combination with a still producing oil distillates and fixed gases, of (1) an internal combustion engine for generating power from the fixed gases produced in said system, (2) a pump actuated by said internal combustion engine for the mechanical compression of the steam generated insaid system, (3) means for producing from the condensation of dis tillates and conveying steam to said pump and for utilizing said steam after it has been mechanically compressed by said pump in the motors connected with said system and for combustion processes and heating in saidsystem, l) means for conserving the waste heat of said engine'in heating air for combustion and in improving the combustion process for heat generation and for heat application to said still, and (5) means for collecting and conveying to said engine for explosive use in said engine the fixed gases produced in said still.

5. In a distilling system, the combination with a heating furnace and a battery of stills, of (1) means for producing steam from distillates, (2) an economizer, said economlzer being constructed and disposed to receive exhaust shsam or superfluous steam in the upper levels of said economizer, and for holding a body of water of condensation in the lower part of said economizcr, and having vertically disposed tubes for conveying air through said tubes in an upward travel, first through said water of condensation, and secondthrough said steam, and for 6. means for conveying .any superfiuity of steam from said economizer into the combustion chamber of said furnace.

6. In a distilling system, the combination with the stills of said system of (1 a furnace comprising a combustion cham er, (2)

contracted orifices or apertures for the mission of gaseous products from said chamber, r (3) air inlets for conveying cold air and admixing said cold air with hot aseous products of combustion at or about w ere the gaseous products leave said chamber, (4) means for controlling the admission of .air thus introduced, said means being mechanically and automatically actuated, (5) other means for controlling the temperature of the gases apsystem,

plied in said system, after primary application of said heat, (6) means for diverting and entirely preventing the contact of too hot gases with the heating surfaces of said (7) means for controlling the amount of heat desirable to be applied to each of the stills comprised in said system,

and 8) said stills.

7. n a distilling apparatus, the combina- 3 tion of (1) means for developing heating gases for distilling, (2) means for reducing the temperature of the heating gases generated after their production, to a temperature that will not cause coke incrustation in the stills of said apparatus before a plying said heat to the surface of a still, (3 a battery of stills, (4) means for app yin the diluted heat successively to the units 0 said battery of stills with the application of a lessened degree of heat to each successive still,

and (5) means located between each still and its successor for controlling the temperature applied to each successive still.

8. In a distilling system, the combinationof (1) a furnace for generating heating gases for heating a battery of stills, (2) said attery of stills, (3) means for inducing a draft through Silld furnace and over the heating surfaces of the stills of said battery, (4-) means for securing a proper temperature in the heating gases generated in said furnace before said gases have contact with said battery of stills to prevent the formation of coke incrustations in said stills and for the application of appropriate degrees exhaust steam and water of condensation and for using said warmed air economically in combustion processes and heating in said system, (8) means for utilizing the heat of radiation in said system for securing economy in combustion in said furnace, and (9) means for securing a continuous supply of oil to said stills and a continuous dlstillation of said oil in said system. a

9. In a distilling system, the combination of a furnace, a still, and a draft inducer, said still having means for passing heating gasesfrom said furnace in a current from the top to the bottom of said still and for passing a fluid for distillation from a low level to a high level in said still in counter-current to the travel Tof the gases through said still, said draft inducer being for the creation of an induced draft through said furnace and over the heating surfaces of said still by inducing a plunging draft over the heating surfaces of said still.

10. In a distilling system, the combination of (1) a plurallty of stills for the sucresidue from said tank at a low lever,

means in said tank for conveying water .therethrough from a low level to a high level in counter-current to the flow of tarry residue through said tank and for forming steam by the conveyance of the heat of said tarry residue to said water, and (4) means for uniting said steam with other steam formed in said system and for conveying said steam to place for use in said system, said tank being separate and apart from the condensers of said system.

11. In a distilling system, the combina tion of a battery of stills comprising means for the repeated distillation of a distillable substance and for the successive creation of distillates of progressively increasing specific gravities, (2) a battery of condensers providing a separate condenser for each of the stills in said battery of stills,

said condensers being constructed and disposed to receive vaporized distillates at a high level of said condensers and for conveying said vapors in -a downward travel through said condensers and for conveying the condensed vapors -out through a low level exit of said condensers, means for drawing partially warmedwater from a relatively high level of one condenser and for forcing said water into the bottom of the condenser next in the series of said bat-' tery of condensers, for condensing a distiland having exits for the emission of steam at or near the top of said condenser, and (4) means for uniting the steam formed in all of said condensers and for conveying said steam to a place of use.

12. In a distilling system the combination of (1) an oil still for refining oil, (2) means comprising a furnace and com bustion chamber for effecting a substantially complete combustion of fuel for heating said still, said means also comprising means for air feeding the fuel. through and above the fuel mass, (3) means for reducing the temperature of the hot gaseous products of combustion after the combustion of the gases, but before said gases have contact with the heating surfaces of said still, to a degree that will not cause burning of the oil and consequent incrustation with coke from the burned oil in said still, of the surfaces of said still, said last named means being separate and apart from the air feeding means effecting combustion, and (4) means for applying the reduced heat of the gases to said still.

13. In a distilling system, the combination of (1) a still for distilling and refining oil, (2) a furnace comprising a combustion chamber for generating hot gaseous products of combustion for heating said still, and (8) means for automatically reducin g the temperature of the gaseous products of combustion to a temperature desirable to be applied to said still, said means comprising a mechanism operating automatically for admixing cool air with said gaseous products of combustion after said gaseous products of combustion are completely formed, but before the gaseous products of combustion are applied to said still, said mechanism comprising means for actuating the mechanism through the expansion by heat of parts of said named mechanism.

14. In a distilling system, the combina-' tion of (1) a still, (2) means for generating hot gaseous products of combustionfor heating said still, (3) means for automatically mixing cool air with the burned gaseous products of combustion from said first mosses 15. The combination of (1) means for generating a combustible gas, (2) means for accurately burning the gas with a definite amount of air mechanically admixed with the gas, (3) means for accurately diluting the gaseous products of combustion with a cool gas to secure a temperature in the.

burned gases that when applied to a still for distilling hydro-carbon oils will not carbonize the oils in said still, and (a said still for distilling the oil, said still being heated by said gases of reduced temperature.

16. The combination of (1) a still for distilling hydro-carbon oil, sald still being constructed and disposed for the vertical counter-current travelof the heating gases and the oil to be heated, the gases traveling downwardly over the heating surfaces of the still, and the oil traveling upwardly in the still, (2) a furnace for generating heat. for heating the stills, (3) means for securing the complete combustion of the fuel used in said furnace through a posi- .tive. control of the air used in burning said fuel, (5) means for accurately diluting the gaseous products of combustion from said' furnace with a cool, gas and for applying said gas controlled in temperature to said still for heating said still.

17. The combination with a still of .(1) means for generating a combustible gas, (2) means for securing a substantially complete burning of the gas with accurately supplied amounts of air mechanically ad it mixed with the gas, (3) means for accurately and automatically diluting the gas eous products of combustion with cool air for controlling the temperature of the gas applied to said still, and l) means for in ducing a mechanically produced draft of the heating gases controlled in temperature over the heating surfaces of the still.

Signed at New Yorlull. 1C, this 17th day of May 1907.

' JOSEPH MOSES WARD KITCHEN.

Witnesses:

Gno. L. WHEELOCK,

GERTRUDE W. MAII'LING.

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