US1065501A - Method of calculating and making unalterable records. - Google Patents

Description

C. A. BISHOP. METHOD OF CALCULATING AND MAKING UNALTERABLE RECORDS. APPLICATION FILED mm: 9, 1,910.

1,065,501. Patented June 24,1913.

- 5 SHEETS-SHEET 1. N i m I f Q W/KUDMM G. A. BISHOP. METHOD OF CALCULATING AND MAKING UNALTBBABLE RECORDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1910. 1,065,501 Patented June 24, 1918.

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C/arenoe/ 33911 at w G. A. BISHOP.

METHOD OF CALCULATING AND MAKING UNALTERABLE RECORDS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1910.

1,065,5Q1 Patented June 24; 1913.

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dGB TICKET fl Ill G. A. BISHOP.- mmnon or CALCULATING AND mxme UNALTEBABLB nnconns.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9, 1010. 1,065,501 Patented June 24,1913.

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METHOD OF CALCULATING AND MAKING UNALTERABLE RECORDS.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 9, 1910.

1,065,501, Patented June 24,1913.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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CLARENCE A. BISHOP, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

METHOD OF CALCULATING AND MAKING UNALTERABLE RECORDS,

Specification of Letters Patent. I

Patented June 24, 1913,

Application filed June 9, 1910. Serial No. 565,959.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it-known that I, CLARENCE A. BISHOP, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Method of Calculating and Making Unalterable Records, of which the following is a specification. I

This invention is a method of calculating and making unalterable records, and while it is particularly adapted for obtaining perlarly desirable I5: ascertain the labor cost on each job or o ration. In most factories this is quite'labo'rious and expensive, for the reasons, mainly, that the workmen are paid difierentrates of wages per hour, andthe time consumed in the different operations by the various workmen varies within wide limits.

- Various mechanical appliances and business systems have been devised and are in use for securing records on cards or otherwise from which the labor cost may be tabulated and computed, but there are many objections to the appliances heretofore proposed or now in use, among which are, par-1 ticularly, the cost of the machines used, the complicated character of the systems, and the expense attending the calculation-of the time and wages from the data obtained on the cards.

In practisingthe present invention an apparatus of low initial cost is employed, and

the method renders it perfectly feasible to secure in a simple manner an accurate and unalterable record of the labor cost on each job, or part thereof, such records bein made by the workmen and without loss 0 time, These recfayds disclose, upon mere inspeotion, the time an employee has worked, and his wages at a predetermined rate, thereby practicallyeliminating the expense and la bor now incident to determining the elapsed time and wages.

In the preferred way of practising the process I employ a record card on the face of which are provided two parallel columns of figures, one for indicating elapsed time in hours and fractions thereof, and the other; the

wages to be paid to the employee, at a given rate, for such elapsed time. On the reverse side of the card, termed the back, and directly under the column indicating the time, is a columnof figures denoting the hours of the day and fractions thereof, the figures on this scale running in an opposite direction to the figures of the time scale on the face of the card, the function of this scale being" to show the hour or fraction thereof 'when the employee began work. a

Each empioyee is supplied with record cards a?) the character described, the wage column on the face of which indicates the particular rate of wages per hour he is to receive. These cards may be given to him by the foreman or .timekeepe'r at thecommencement of a job, or operation, and by means of the time controlled mechanism ernplayed in practising the invention, the card is at proper. times suitably marked, stamped or punched, preferably with two holes or recesses, or by notching or otherwise cutting away parts of the card.-

roadly stated, the method consists in providin l a card of any desired shape having on t e face thereof a timescale and a rate scale, these scales beingstraight,- cir'-- cular, or otherwise, and in the preferred form of the card, there is alsoprovided, on the back thereof, a time scale, the units of which run in the opposite or reverse direction from those of the time scale on the face of the card; moreover, this card is also, preferably, provided with a notch, recess or other mark which forms a permanent index thereon; the said card is then positioned with reference toa' movable member, such as a marker, punch, carriage or guide,'and suitably punched, recessed, perforated or otherwise marked for the urpose of producing thereon an ind'exa apted to determine the position of the card for again punching or mar-king thesame at a subsequent period; in the form of card referred to wherein a time scale is employed on the back thereof, the said punching or marking operation, in addition to establishing an index, shows, also, on said scale the time at which the card was marked or punched, 2'. e. the time when the employee began to work; at a time subsequent to the first markin or punching operation, usually the time w en the employee stops work or completes a given job, the card is again positioned with its facial time and rate scales in cooperative relation with the movable member referred to above, 6. 6., the marker, punch,- carriage or guide, and again punched or otherwise marked; as will appear from the hereinafter description, the card, in one form of apparatus used in practising the invention, is reversed end to end and face to face before the second punching or marking is 'effected, whereas, in other types of apparatus employed, such reversal of the card is not necessary; the second punching'or marking having been effected, the elapsed time between the first and second of such operations may be read directly from'the time scale on the face of the card, and the wage or other charge corresponding to such time ma be directlv read on the rate scale.

It will thus be seen that the novel method embraces a series of operations, some of which are performed manually and others by mechanism of one type or other,'the salient' feature of which mechanism is a time train, and that the complete method is simple, expeditious, and eminently practical, and produces results not heretofore attainable in the art of calculating.

The method not only produces absolutely accurate and reliable calculations, .but, also, is available in producing unalterable records on time cards. I

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated a practical embodiment of a machine or apparatus which is adapted to be employed in practisingmy method, where- 1Il- Figure 1 is a plan view, partly in horizontalsection, illustrating a card positioned face uppermost in the machine, said card being positioned for the first punching or marking operation, the plane of the section through the machine being indicated by the dotted line 11 of Fig. 4. Fig. 1 is a plan view of the card punched by the machine when the'card is in the position of Fig. 1 but showing the back or reverse side of the card and the time scale on the back thereof. for the purpose of indicating the time at which work was commenced in a particular job'or piece of work. Fig. 2 is a view of the machine similar to Fig. 1, showing the card guide or holder advanced by the time mechanism to a certain position and beyond the position shown in said F ig. 1, the punched vention wherein a card of Figs. 1 and 1 being reinserted in the machine of Fig. 2 for the second punch-. ing or marking operation, said card at the second insertion into the machine being reversed end for end and face for face prior to said second punching or marking operation. Fig. 2 is a face view vof the cardv shown in Figs. 1, 1, and 2 after said card shall have undergone the punching -or marking operation, whereby the elapsed time and the value thereof are readable directly from the face of the card, at the punch ormark nearest the zero end the time scale on the back of the card indicating by the punches or marks the hours, or fractions thereof, when the work was begun on a particular job. Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine illustrated in Figs.-1 and 2, certain parts of said machine being broken away and shown in section. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section, partly in elevation, the plane of the section being indicated by the dotted line 44 of Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig: 5 is a plan view, partly in horizontal section, of the machine omitting the card, the plane of the section being indicated by the dotted line 55 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 66 of Fig. 4, illustrating a locking and releasing mechanism for a spring-actuated drum, the latter being adapted for returning the card guide or holder to a position for. beginning operation at the commencement of another days work. Fig.7 is a view of the reverse of another record card illustratin the punching thereof at the beginning of a ays work, say at 8 a. m. Fig. 8 :isa face view of the card shown in Fig. 7 after the same shall have been punched the first and second times by the machine, to show the elapsed time and the value thereof on the face of the card and on the back of the card the hours, and fractional parts thereof, when the 'work was begun on a particular job; the punchings or markings in Figs. 7 and 8 differing from the card shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in order tofurnish other examples of the records adapt: ed to be produced by my invention. Fig, 9 shows a particular form of premium card which may be used for calculating certain specific data;

According to the lpreferred form of my in-. l the markings are by punches mutilating the record cards and such punchings are performed by one machine, each employee is supplied with a record card, A, for each job upon which he is to work. The card may be composed of any material suitable for. the pu pose,- such'as paper, and it is of a desiredjorm and size, such as the substantially rectangular card shown in Figs. 1, '1", 2, 2", 7, 8 and 9, altl on 11 the shape of the card is not a matefi 1 factor, may be employed, such as circular cards.

for the'reas'on that other shapes 7 predetermined rate.

b The card is provided on its face with two scales, B, C, which are sifown as parallel and quite close to a side edge of the card, although the particular arrangement may be varied as desired, the scale, B, deslgnating the time in hours and fractions thereof, termed herein the elapsed. time scale, and the other scale, C,'designating wages at a The face of the record card is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 8, and the hack in Figs. 1, 2 and 7. As shown, the face of the card is provided with parallel .lines, a, a, intersected by cross lines, a, and

n thB'dlYlSlOIlS or spacesthus formed are the figures of the elapsed time scale, B, and

p the figures of the wage or ratescale, C. The

column of figures B, represent the time in hours and fractions thereof, each hour being divided into six equal rts, representing periods of .ten minutes, alt hough the special division of the hours is optional. The column of figures, C-,represent the value of the wages at a predetermined rate, and said figures are set opposite to the figures in the elapsed time scale, said figures of column, C, being divided to show the amounts in dollars and cents forevery ten minutes indicated in column, B.

In addition to the elapsed time scale, and the rate scale, the record card is shown as being provided on its face with appropriate data for identifying the workman, the particularfjob on which he is to be engaged, the shop order, the department number, the date, and other desirable facts; but-as these factors have no bearing on the invention and may be omitted, altered and varied within wide limits, I do not deem it necessary to refer more particularly thereto. able, although. not essential, features of the record card are, first, a permanent ide or index, D, and, second, a'time scale, on the back of the card, the latter being shown in Fi s. 1, 2 and 7;

he permanent guide. or index D, is shown as a notch in one corner of the card, the function of said-guide or index being to compel the workman to insert the card properly into the machine for the first punching or marking operation, the latter being pervformed to denote, first,-the time at which work was begun on the particular job, but, mainly, for the purpose of furnishing a guide for the proper insertion of the card, at the completion of'work on the job, in

' order that the second punching or marking pperation may be performed on the card, all

aswill hereinafter appear.

The time scale, E, on the back of the card, see Figs. 1, 2 and 7, is shown as being positioned below or opposite to these-ales, B, C, on the face, although the position of said time scale, E, is immaterial, forthe reason that it may be provided on any partof the card. as g. on the face thereof. The scale,

Other desir ,B, on the face, as will be seen by a c0mparison of Fig. 1 with Fig. 1, or Fig. 2 with 2, or Fig. 7 with 8.

Having described one form of record card suitable for carrying out my process, I will, next proceed to set forth a machine by which all the necessary markin or punching operations maybe performe u on such a card, the latter being manipulate in a particular manner, whereby unalterableand accurate records are adapted to be produced, such records being readable directly from the cards, and without the necessity of perform-v ing any calculations whatever by the bookkeeping or time-keeping departments of the factory, etc. I

Referring to'Figs. l, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the machine is shown as having a casing, F, within which is contained some of the operating mechanism. As shown,'the casing is oblong in shape in order to providefor the necessary travel of the cardholder or guide adapted to be moved at a certain rate-0f speed with reference to a marking or punching mechanism by a time train. The to ,f, of the casing is provided with a longitu inal slot, g, and in this slot travels two members, G, G, of the card guide or holder. Said members, G, G, are fastened atthe lower 7 ends 'to cross-heads, kph, respectively, and said cross-heads are fitted slidably on ide rods, H, see Figs. 3, 4 and 5. Three cross eads indicated at h, 121,10, are employed, and they are connected for simultaneous movement by racks, I, J. All the cross-heads are fitted. slidably on guide rods, H, the cross-head, It, occupying a position intermediate of'cross beads, 12., h. The series of cross-heads and racks, I,'J, connected therewith, constitute what may be termed a sliding carriage for members, G, G, of the card guide orholder. As shown rods, H, are secured at their ends in hangers, H, which are fastened to top, f, of the casing, said hangers operating to support the guide rods in fixed positions below the top and in parallel relation. Thefrods are shown in Fig. 4 as circular in cross section, and crossheads, h,'h, hF, are provided with circular openings so that they may slide upon the rods v i Member, G, of .the card guideor. holder is shown as consisting of a metal strip at taehedlrigidly at its lower end to cross-head, IL, and-passing upwardly through slot, The upper part of the member, G, is bent to produce an arm, 7', which extends part way across the top, 1, and at the free end of this arm there is provided an upstanding stud or lug, 9 the shape of which is shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 2. The upstanding stud or lug,,g corresponds in shape to the hole or recess which is produced in the record cardby the operation of a male die or punch, presently described, and while the male die and the upstanding lug; 9 may be of various shapes, said die and the lug or mechanism.

. It should be remarked that the distance between the inner edges of members, G, G, forming parts of the card guide or holder, is equalw to, or but sli htly exceeds that of, the length of the car A, along that edge thereof between the end edge, d, of the card and the edge, d, of notch, D, saidedge,

. d, of the notch being parallel to the edge, d;

of the card as shown.' It is apparent that card, A, prior to the first marking or punching operation, is adapted to be ositioned in a definite relation to members, G, of the card guide or holder,-and, accordingly the card cannot'be introduced into the machine except the notched corner, D, of the card engages with stud, g, of member, G. When introducing the card into the machine for the first operation; the workman is required to place said card face uppermost upon the top, f, of the casing and in a position for notch, D, to receive stud, g of member, G, the other end edge, d, of the card engaging with one edge of member, G, as clearly shown in Fig. 1. When sopositionedv the card lies. below the punching mechanism and it is adapted to be punched or recessed along that edge of said card having notch, D, whereby the punch or other mark'produced on the card will be adjacent to the scales with which said card is provided.

The mechanism shown in. the drawings for providing the indications on the card by two distinct operations and separated by an appreciable interval of time, embodies a punch occupying such-position with reference to the path of the card guide or'holder that said punch will operate to produce an aperture or recess in t e card when placed in proper position between the members of the card guide or holder and below said punching mechanism. A stand, K, is fixed to the top of the casing, F, and at apoint adjacent to slot, g-,'therein. Said stand is provided with a vertical bore or passage, is, havifig a shoulder, k, and within this bore -or passage operates a plunger, K, the\upper end of which is provided with a head\or pressure piece, k. The plunger .is lifted to a raised position by a spring, K incased within the bore or passage of the stand, the lower end of the spring being seated upon the internal shoulder, and the upper end of said spring acting against the head of said plunger. The plunger carries, or is provided at its lower end with, a male die, L, which is adapted to cooperate with a female die, L, the latter being secured to the top, f, preferably flush therewith, as shown in Fig. 4. The chambered part of stand, K, overhangs the female die and the path of the card holder or guide, there being a space provided between the female die and the male die when the latter is raised by the action of the sprin upon the plunger, whereby a card may e positioned between the male die and the female die. As heretofore described, the male die ma have any desired external contour, but pre erably said male die is triangular in cross section so as to conform to the triangular shape of stu'd, g, of member, G, of the card guide or holder. The female die is provided with an opening which conforms to theshape of the male die, and said femalev die is shown in Fig. 4 as having a passage for the escape of the material cut out of the cards by t e action of the cooperating dies. When the punchingmechanism operates upon a card, a tapering notch or recess is cut in an edge portion of said card, as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 7 and 8 of the drawings, the apex of the triangular notch or recess point-ing to at least one of the figures of the scale, B, indi cating elapsed time and one of the numbers: in scale, E, indicating'the time at which the operation on a particular job was commenced. The perforation or recess produced in the card by the operation of the punching mechanism has a definite relation to the scales provided on the faceand back of the card.

As shown in Fig. 4, the top, f, of the casin isprovided on its under side with a rein orcing rib, Z, extending from end to end of the top and adjacent to slot g.

The rack, I, forming a part of the car- 'riage for the members, G, G, of the card holder, is shown as-a. straight barsecured to the lower ed es of cross-heads, k, h, the lower edge 0 said bar, I, being provided wit-h gear teeth, said gear teeth extending continuously with respect to the bar, see Fig. 3. Said rack, I, 006 rates with a driving member, M, operate by'a time tra n of any suitable character. Said time train is indicated in dotted lines in Figs. 4 and 5 by reference characterN, and in additlon to imparting rotary motion to driving member, M. the time train operates the hour and minute hands, n, which traverse the clock dial, n, said dial and hands of the time clock being visible at the front side of casing, A, as clearly shown in the drawings. The rotation of driving member, M, by the time train imparts a steady uniform movement to the slidable carriage having members, G, G, of the card guide or holder. The operation of the time train upon driving member, M, imparts to the carriage having card guide members, G, G, a travel or' movement equal at least to the len thof a scale, B, C, or E, on the record car during a period equivalent to the full quota of working hours per day; in other words, for a period of eight hours the time train will move members, G, G, a distance equivalent to the length of the individual scales on the record card, assuming that said card is marked for an eight-hour working day.

Obviously the time train shoul not operate the card guide or holder during the noon or lunch hour, or half-hour, as the case may be, and provision should be made for returning the card guide or holder from an advanced position at the completion of the hours of a working day and prior to the commencement of another working day. For precluding movement of the card guide or holder during noon or luncheon period, or, in other words, to permit the card guide or holder to remain at rest during such time, it is preferred to interrupt the teeth of the driving member, M, and, as shown in Fig.

3, driving member, M, is mutilated by cutting out certain of the teeth. thus leaving a gap or space, m. \Vhen driving member, M, is rotated by a time train, its mutilated section, m, will be opposite to the teeth of rack, I, uponthe arrival of the noon hour or luncheon period, but as the luncheon period expires, other teeth of the driving member, M, will be automatically brought into engagement with the teeth of the rack, I, thus resuming the, operation of propelling the rack and card guide, it being manifest that the rack and card ,gpide will be at restwhen th6 ii1tltllfit6d part, halls brought ops posite to the tooth portion of rack, I. When the, time train turns member, M, fora distance required to move the en ti guide or holder the length of the card, it is desirable to preclude any further movement of said card guide or holder, such operations taking place at the end of the working day. For securing these results, driving gear, M, is

provided with another mutilated portion,

m, adapted to permit rack, I, to stop at the end of the day and thus arrest the continual travel of the card guide or holder.

The machine is equipped with means for automatically returning the card guide or holder from the advanced position which it occupies at the completion of a working day and prior to the beginningof another working day. Such mechanism is shown in Figs. 4;5 and 6 of the drawings, and may be described as follows: A vertical spindle,

0, depends from a hanger, 2, supported on the top, f, of the casing. Around -this spindle is coiled a s ring, P, which is incased within a drum,- one end of the spring being fastened to the spindle and the other end attached to the drum, see Fig. 6. The drum is free to rotate upon the spindle, and it is provided with a gear, q, and a ratchet, q. The drum is positioned for its gear, q, to mesh with the teeth of the rack, J, the latter being secured to cross-heads, h, h, h as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. With the ratchet,

pawl, R, the latter being similar i form to a bell crank, as shown in Fig. 6. The pawl is pivoted at its knee by a pin, 8, to a supporting member, S, fixedly secured to the lower end of spindle, O, and with said pawl enga es a spring, S, which is secured at one en to a stud, s, on the Supporting member, S. The heel of the pawl is shown as having a beveled face, 1", which is positioned in the path of a trip, R, secured to driving gear, M, at a point opposite to gap or s ace, m, of said gear, whereby the trip is a apted to operate on the beveledheel of the pawl for the purpose of turning said pawl against the tension of spring, Sr, and disenga 'ng the nose of said pawl from ratchet, q, 0 springactuated drum, Q.

It will be understood that the time train operates member, M, to impart traveling movement to the carriage having members, G, G, of the card guide; rack, J, partakes of this traveling movement of said carriage. The movement of the rack rotates drum, Q, for the reason that said rack meshes with gear, q, and the spring, P, thus placed under tension, the spring being precluded from unwinding when the carriage comes to a rest during the luncheon -or noon-hour by the engagement of pawl, R, with ratchet, 1 By the operation described the spring is placed under suflicient tension to return the carriage of the card guide or holder to a normal position at the end of a working day. When the driving member, M, is rotated the required distance by the time train, say within an hour or other predetermined time at the end of a working day, the trip, R, engages with a beveled heel of the pawl and said pawl is turned against the tension of spring, S, to a position wherein its nose is free from the ratchet of the drum. Spring, P, is now free from the restraint of the pawl and ratchet, and said spring acts "taining members, T, T.

insertion in the machine, I employ two re- Sa1d retaining members consist of rails positioned upon the top, f, adjacent to slot, g, therein. One rail, T, is secured directly to the top by suitable means, such as the screw, t. Said rail extends beneath the overhanging part of the punch mechanism and it is parallel to the slot, 9. Furthermore, said rail is shown as having angular ends, 't, upon which rest the other rail, T. Said rail T, is shown in Fig. as being fastened by a screw, t to the overhanging part of stand, K, the end portions of said rail, T, resting upon, or being secured to, the angular ends, t, of the rail, T. The record card should be inserted beneath the rail, T, and positioned for that side edge of the card having the notch, D, to engage with the rail T. Said rail, T, thus operates to arrest the inward movement of the card in one direction when said card is placed between members, G, G, of the card guide. The member, T, lies over an inserted card and it minimizes any tendency of the card to become displaced or manipulated by the hand of the workman when said card is inserted into the machine for a punching or marking operation.

The mode of operation is as follows: It is to be understood that the time train is in operation and that the carriage and members, G, G, of the card guide have been set in motion at the hour fixed for the beginning of the working day, e. 9., eight a. m., this setting operation at such predetermined time, after once determined upon, being acomplished automatically by the time train. YVhen a job, or operation thereon, is assigned to a Workman, the first thing to be done by himis to indicate on his record card a guide to be utilized when the work is completed for determining the elapsed time spent on the job. He does this by inserting his card, face upward, under rail, T. The triangular stud, g of guide member, G, enters the notch, D, in a corner of the card, said notched corner of the card engaging with one guide, G, while the other end edge of the card engages with the other lide, G. Furthermore, the end of the car containing the zero of the scales, B, C, is in contact with the guide, G, whereas the end of the card containing the zero end of scale, E, contacts with guide, G. The workman nowyoperates the punch mechanism by ,de' pressing plunger, K, and causing male die, L, to pass through the card and to cooperate with female die, L, thereby cutting a notch or recess, such as 10, in the edge portion of the card at one side thereof; said notch 10, taken in conjunction with the time scale, E, on the back of the card, indicates the time when the employee began work on a particular job. It will be understood that if the position of this card is immediately reversed in the machine, 1%.. before perceptible time has elapsed, by turn ing the card face downward and with the stud, 9 of member, G, entering the notch or recess 10, that the end of the card pro vided with the Zeros of the scales, lit. 0, and E on the face and reverse of said card will come directly under or be in the same vertical plane as the male die, L, so that the notch, D, will be under the punch. It will be apparent, however, that it any time elapses after the card has been positioned, as last described, it will be .ndicated or registered on the time spnles, l), E, on the face and back, respectively, of the card, by

operating the punching mechanism at thehowever, it is the duty of the workman to return to the machine and rcinsert the card therein for the second marking or punching operation. This is performed in the following way: The card is reversed, or turned end for end and face for face so that the time scale, E, on the back of the ca -i will be uppermost. The card is reinserhd into the machine by introducing it b 'nv the rail, T, and having its notched or punch-m edge to engage the rail T, with this important distinction, however, whereas in first punching operation the card was placed in position for the notch, D, to receive the stud, 9 of member, G, when the card is placed in the machine for the second punchmg operation, after having been reversed as described, the notch or recess 10 Wlll rc ceive the stud, g of member, *G. The card having been postioned with the stud, g". in engagement with the notch 10 and in caoperative relation to rails, T, T, the workman again operates the punching mechanism so as to produce a second perforation or I'c cess 11, in the same edge of the card which contains the recess, 10. In all cases the sec ond punch or recess, 11, in the form of card being described, is between notch or recess, D, and notch or recess, 10, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

It will be understood that subsequent to the withdrawal of the card from the machine for the first punching or marking operation, the card holder or guide and members, G, G, are moved relative to the punching mechanism by the operation of the time train, and this movement of the card guide takes place at a predetermined rate and irrespective of the card, that is, whether the card is in the machine or has been removed from the machine and is in possession of the workman. Should the card be placed in the machine for an appreciable length of time it will be found that said card will move with the card guide and members, G, G, in a direction for the value of scales, B, C, to decrease, assuming that the card is placed face uppermost and in the position required for the first marking or punching operation. Manifestly the card cannot be introduced in any other but theproper position between the guides, G, G, for the reason that stud, g, of member, G, must enter the notch, D, in the corner of the card; Any manipulation of the card, after having been placed in position for the first punching operation, cannot be performed by the workman for the reason that the guides, G G, preclude any movement of the card endwise, rail, T, precludes movement of the card sidewise in one direction, rail; T, precludes movement of the, card inan upward direction, and any movement of the card away from rail, T, will remove it from position below the punch.

The. foregoing operations "may be illustrated by an example, as foliows: We will assume that when the card is first placed in 3 the machine face upward, and punched, the recess will occupy the position indicated by 1Ov in Figs. 1 and 2, and,'accordingly', as wil be observed from the position of this recess on the time scale, E, on the backof 95 the card, he began work at nine o clock. Now, as previously stated, if this card is reversed end to endwith its face downward,

, and with the stud, 9 of guide, G, in said recess, and again punched after a certain 40 time has elapsed, say at three p. m., said.

second punch, or recess 11, will be so positioned with reference to scale, B, as to indicate thereon, reading from zero and without any calculation, that five hours have elapsed between the" two punches, figuring on the idle noon hour. Itwill be understood, of course, that in practically working. the machine, the employee would not immediatel reverse his card, as heretofore descri d, but having first punched the same he would remove the card from the machine and proceed with his work. Having completed the work he would then reinsert the card in the machine, reversed as described,

552'. e., face downward -with stud, 9?, of

guide member, G, within said recess, and then-operate the punch to produce the second recess therein. Ela sed time can then be read on scale, B, in t e same manner as described in the specific example above given, and the compensation or 'wages to which the employee is entitled for such elapsed time is directly indicated and may be read on wage scale, C. It will thus be observed that when the Workman hands in of any calculation whatsoever.

-mechanism is beveled so'that the recess 10 his punched card, his wages and elapsed time appear thereon without the necessity In Figs. 7 and 8 ofthe drawings I have shown the record card, A, having, scales, B, C, E, and notch, D, punched to secure readings differing from the readings afforded bythe scales on the card of Figai and 2. In the example shown in said Figs. 7 and'8, the workman is presumed to have begun his work on the job at 8 a. m. and 'to have com-f pleted the Work at 12 m., showing that he, has worked four hours on the job and is entitled to receive a compensation of 96 cents. The first step consists in inserting the card, face uppermost, into the machine, in register with guides, G, G, and operating the punch to producethe notch or recess 10 showing that he began work at 8 a. m. At. the completion of the work,'z'. e., at 12 m., the cardwas reversed,again inserted, face downward, into the machine, with the recess 10 in register with stud, 9 of member, G, and again punched, thus producing the recess 11. By reading the card fro-m the zero ends 'of scales, B, C, to the second punch 11,- it will be seen. that the workman devoted four hours to the work, and that" his compensation amounted to 96.

In the machine de'scribed, the" punch mechanism is stationary, while the card guide or holder is movable relative to the punching mechanism by the operation of the time tram; but it is manifest that the parts may be reversed, i. 6., by making the card guide or holder stationary and by imparting movement to the punching or other mechanism for marking the card.

As shown, the die, L, of the punching or 10 first produced inthe card will register with the stud, 9 of card guide or member, G, when the card is reversed and reinserted-- previous to the second punching operation. By beveling the punch as described, it will be apparent that the bevels of the recess punched on the face of the card. will be opposite to thatin thh recess punched on the back of the card, see Figs. 2 and 8, thereby affording a means for determining whether 116 or not the card has been reversed end to end, in the machine after the first punching, and that it occupied such reversed position at the time of the second punching. Referring to Fig. 9, this illustrates a form of card which may be used in the machine for the purposeof calculating the premium due an employee for accomplishing a given.

amount of work in less than a. specified period; 2'. 0., for expediting the work, known technically as a premium plan or difi'er-- ential piece work. This card isthe same as that heretofore described with the exception that the face thereof is provided an additional time scale, 13'," and, also, with an additional rate scale, C. The figures on these scales, however, run in the reverse direction from those on the other time and rate scales, and may be positioned at any desired place on the card, though preferably in parallel relation to and adjoining said other scales. An illustration of the manner of using this card for the purpose specified will be given. Let it be assumed that a work man has been assigned a job on which the employer has set a time limit of four hours and fifteenininuts; i. 0., that the workman will be paid his usual rate, say twenty four cents per hour, if the work is accomplished in the time specified, and will be paid at the same rate, also, if he takes additional time to complete the work. However, if he accomplishes the work in less than four hours and fifteen minutes, say in three hours and fifty minutes, he will be entitled to a premium forexpediting the work to the extent, under the assumed conditions, of 25 minutes; this premium being at the same rate as his usual wages and amount-ing, therefore, at the rate of 24 cents per hour, to 10 cents. So far as punching the first recess 10", and manipulating the premium card in the machine, are concerned, this is effected in exactly the. same way as with the czird shown in Figs. 1*- and 7; in other words, the function or operation of the machine is the same on a premium card, as it is on the plain wage card 'heretofore described. The position'of the second recess 11", however, indicates, in addition to the elapsed time and wages previously described, the time saved by the employee, and. the wage premium to which he is entitled therefor. As shown in Fig. 9, the recess 11 indicates the elapsed time of 3 hours and 50 minutes on the time scale, B, and the regular vage therefor of 92 cents on rate scale, C. It.also indicates on the auxiliary time scale, B, asaving of 25 minutes, 2'. e., an expediting of the work to the extent of 25 minutes and on the auxiliary rate scale, C, the premium therefor of 10 cents, making a total of 102 cents for the elapsed time of 3 hours and 50 minutes. I

It will be obvious that the ni'echanism and devices described may be employed for determining various data, such'as the cost of operating a telephone for a given period, or the cost of running a machine for a given period, this latter data being of especial value in estimating the depreciation in wear and tear of such machine. It may be used, also, for measuring units of power, time, energy,'etc. For whatever purpose used, however, the reading of the time scale, due to the punching and reversing of the record card in the manner heretofore described, is always from the zero mark on said scale, and the same is true in reading the wage scale. Such being the case, that all the units calculable on the machine, such as time, wages,

etc., are readable directly from the record cards.

It will be manifest that the principle of my invention may be embodied in a machine where the record, card employed, instead of being of the rectangular shape described, as

well as manipulated as described, may be of circular form, and caused to travel with the movable indicator in a circul: path; 2'. e., the card will travel in a circle, instead of longitudinally, in which case the time and rate scales on the record card would be concentric.

Manifestly, any one or two of the scales of the record card may be omitted. Should it be desired to calculate and obtain a recbrd of elapsed time only, scales, C and E, may be omitted, and the card be provided with scale, B, only, the card being punched and manipulated"substantially in the manner described. Should it be desired, on the other hand, to obtain a record of the value of the wages, scales, B and E, may be omitted, and the card be provided with scale, C, only, said card being manipulated and punched in the manner hereinbefore described; Furthermore, scale, E, may be omitted altogether, but its employment is advantageous for the reason that the punchings 10,- 11, indicate the time when the workman began.

A characteristic and distinguishing feature of my invention consists in employing a card provided with rate and time scales in connection with a card guide or holder and a punch or marking device in such a manner that the card, if allowed to remain in the machine when inserted for the first punching operation, will so manipulate or move the card. that the value of the scales will diminish, whereas if the card'is permitted to remain in the machine when reversed and inserted for the second punching operation,

the card will be so moved or manipulated that the values of the scales will be increased, thus in either instance depriving the workman of the value of his time and compensation and prompting him to attend to the work of punching and removing the card as expeditiously as possible. The advantage of this in connection with the first punching operation willbe apparent by an inspection of Figs. 1 and 1". When the card is inserted, face uppermost, the guide, G, is moved by the time train toward the punch, and as the value of the-scales, B, C, on'the card increases from the left handor zero end thereof, the card is moved by the guide toward the punch, and the longer that it remains unpunched in the machine, the lesser will be the value of the first punch with respect to the scales when the card is reversed, the member, 9, of guide, Gr, positioned in the first punch or recess, and th card punched or recessd a second. time to secure the reading. The workman thus has every indilcement to punch the card promptly when first inserted and to remove the punched card after the first operation. The

same is true in a general way with reference to the second operation. The card having been punched to produce the first recess, 10-

uired, therefore, to punch the card promptly 4 and remove it from the machine.

Obviously, it is not hecessary that thescales on the cards be required to pass under the marking or punching device. Furthermore, the markings or punching s at the first and second operations, respectively, are not required to be produced on the same edge of the card. Furthermore, the firstand sec; ond markings or punchings are not reqpired to be of the same character, for the reason that one operation may mutilate the card and the other operation ma markit with. ink.- Again, the positions 0 guides relative to the marking o-r punching device may be .varicd, so that the card maybe placed against one side of the card guide for one operation and against the opposite side of "the same guide for the second operation.

Furthermore, the cards may be inserted from one end of the machine for the first punching or marking operation, and from vthe other end of the machine for the second. operation. Furthermore, the guides maybe adapted to spring-back for allowing the card to enter the mac ine fr m the end, in which event the marking orp nching deviceshould be so constructed that it. cannot be operated when the guide is out of position.

The markings or punchingsof the card may be made by'recessing, depressing, ink ing, or cutting off a portion of the-card, or by aiiixing devices, metallic'oh otherwise, to the card -in cotiperative relation to thescale or scales thereon.

Having thus fully described the -invntion, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by'Letters Patent is..

1. In the. art ofcalcul ating. elapsed time, amounts, etc and making 'unalterable record's,t he method which consists 'in'positioning acard, provided with time and rate scales, face upward with reference to a' moving guide, then' punching or otherwise'marking .said card soas to produce. an index thereon for the pur ose of determinipg the position ofsaid-car for a subsequent marking or punching operation, then, at a subsescales, B, C, are chan ed, and

qiieht time, reversing the card end to .end or face to face and. positioning it' with the fioving guide, an then punchingflor otherwise marking it with reference to the scales two said punching or. marking operations is indicatedion said time scale and theamount represented'by said elapsed time is'direct-ly readable on the rate scalel.

2. In the art of'calculating elapsed time the method which consists in positioning a card, provided upon its face with time and and. punching or otherwise marking said card-so as to produce an indexqthfereon for saidcard for a subsequent marking or punching operation, .then, at a 'subsequent time, reversing the card and placing it in a position'determined by the said index, and punching or otherwise marking the card with reference't'o the scales so that the-time which elapsed between the, two sa'id punching'orj marking'opera'tionsfis indicated on by said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

3; In the art of calculating elapsed time, amounts, etc., andmaking unalterable records, the; method which consists in positioning a'card, provided upon its face with time and rate scales, face upward'with reference to a moving guide,.then punching. or otherwise marking said card so as to roduce an index thereon for the purpose -o' determining thepositionof said card for a subsequent marking or punching operation, then, at a subsequent time, reversing s'aid card and placing it; in a position wherein the said the movement of which corresponds to that of the first named guide, and then punching or otherwise marking it withrefere'ncc t0 and'the amount represented by said ela sed time is directly readable on the rate sca e.

4. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages. and making unalterable records, the method which consists in positioning and with a permanent index near, one end guide,'thenpunching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce asecond index thereon for the purpose of determining the ing .or punching operation, then, at a'subsequent time, reversing said card and placing 0nd index, a'ndthereafter' punching or othersaid indei; in coo erative relation with the.

rate scales, with reference toa moving'guide the purpose of determining the position of.

of said scales; so thatsaid perman'ent index is In cotiperative. relation with a 'movlng' it in a position determined by'the said sec-' so that thetim'e'which elapsedfbetween the.

and wages and making unalterable records,

said. time scaleand the wages represented V lndex is in cooperative relation with a guide 1 the scales so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations indicated on sald time scale' a card. provided with time and rate scales position of the card for a subsequent markwise marking the card with reference to the scales so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations is indicated on said time scale and the wages represented by said elapsed time is directly readable upon the rate scale.

5. In the art of calculating elapsed time,

amounts, etc, and making nnalterable records, the method which consists in posi tioning a card, provided with time and rate scales and with a permanent index near one end of said scales, so that its permanent index is in cooperative relation with a moving guide, then punching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the position of said card for a subsequent marking ,or punching operation, then, at a subsequent time, reversing said card and punching or otherwise marking it with reference to the scales, and at a point intermediate the permanent index and the index produced by the first punching or marking operation, so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or markin operations is indicated on said time sC'a e, and the amount represented by said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

,6. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages and making unalterable records, the method which consists in placing a card, provided upon its face with time and rate scales and upon its back with a time scale running in an opposite direction to said time scale on the face of the card, in cooperative relation to a moving guide and punching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the position of the card for a subsequent marking or punching operation and to indicate on the'scale 0n the back of the card the time of such punching -or marking, then, at a subsequent time, re-

versing said card and placing it in a position determined by the said index, and punching or otherwise marking the card with reference to the several scales so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations is indicated on said time scale and the wages represented by said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

7. In the art of calculating elapsed time,

amounts, etc., and making unalterable records, the method which consists in position-- ing a card, provided upon its face with co-.

operating time and rate scales, face upward with reference to a guide, then punching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the osition of said card for a subsequent marking or punching operation, then, at a subsequent time, reversing the card end to end and face to face and positioning it with the said index in (:0-

operative relation with the guide, and then punching or otherwise marking it with ref erence to the scales so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations is indicated on said time scale and the amount represented by said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

8. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages and making unalterablc records, the method which consists in positioning a card, provided upon its face with coiiperating time and rate scales, with reference to a guide and punching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the position of said card for a subsequent marking or punching operation, then, at a subsequent time, placing the card in aposition determined by the said index, and punching or otherwise marking the card with reference to the scales so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations is indicated on said time scale and the wages represented by said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

9. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages, the method which consists in placing a card, provided on its face with a time scale and a rate scale having their basic or zero marks at the same end of the card and having a time scale on the back of the card with its basic or zero mark at the other end of the card from that of the said time scale on the face of the card, in such relation to a movable guide that the end of said card having the zeros on the face thereof .is next to said guide, operating the guide at a predetermined speed to feed the card forward, punching a recess in said card for the purpose of forming a guide mark thereon, then, after the elapse of a period of time, reversing the card end for end with its face downward, and with the said recess in substantially the same position with reference to the movable guide as that occupied by the zeros of the scales on the face of the card during the aforesaid punching operation, and then punching a second recess in the card, whereby the said elapsed period of time and the wage compensation therefor may be read directly from the time and wage scales, respectively, on the face of the card, reading from the zero of said scales.

10. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages, the method which consists in placing a card, provided on its face with a time scale and a rate scale having their basic or zero marks at the same end of the card and having a time scale on the backcof the card with its basic or zero mark at the other end of the card from that of the said time scale on the face of the card, in such rela tion to a movable guide that the end of said card having the zeros on the face thereof the face of the card may be read, directly from said scale starting from zero.

Lis next to said guide, said card beiiig placed face, upward, operating the guide at a predetermined speed to feed the card forward,

placing a'mark on said card for the purpose offorming a guide, then, after the elapse of'a 'period of time reversing the cardeiid "for'end with its face downward, and with card durin' the aforesaid marking operation', and then placing a second market the card, whereby the-said elapsed period: of,

time and the employees compensation therefo'r may he read directly from the timescale ifldiwage Scale, respectively, on the fate" of a guide that the Zero end of the scale on the the card; reading from the zero of said scales.

. '11. In the art of calculating various units and fractions thereof, the method which consists-in placing a ct'rd, having a male of said units-on the face; thereof and asimilar'scale on the Back (if said card with its numerals or indications ruhnihg in an opposite direction from-those of the s aid'sc'ale on the face of the audit sixth relation to face of the card next to said guide, operatiiig the guide at a certain speed to advance the card, punching a recess in said card, then, after the elapse .of a period of time, re-

versing' the card; end for end and with its 'face downward and with the said recess occu ying substantially the same position with re erence to the movable guide as that occ-u-pied by the zero end of'the scale when the card was first punched, and then phnching a'second recess in the ears, whereby the feed of the card, during said elapsed period, and consequently the units on the scale on "12. In the art of calculating various units and fractions thereof, the method which consists in placing a .card, having a scale of said units on the face thereof and a similar scale on the back of said card with its 7 numerals or indications running in an opposite direction from those of the said scale oh the face of the card in such relation to a guide that the zero end of the scale on the face of the card is next to said guide, operating the guide at a certain speed toadvance the card, putting a mark on said card while so positioned, then, after the elapse of a period of. time, reversing the card, end for end and with its face downward and with the said mark'occupying substantially the same position with reference to the movable guide asthat occupied by the Zero end of thescale when the card wasfirst marked, and then putting a second mark on the card,

whereby the feed of the card, during said or marking operations is indicate time scale, and the wages represented by;

read directly from said scale starting ftom zero;

13. In the art of calculatin the process which consists in manually positioning a time and rate Scales, theti piiuqhing said card for the purposeof producing an index thereon, then, after an elapsed period oftime, again manually pusltiohihg the ctid with the said index in cuii erative relation with the movable guide whereby the move-- ment of the card by said muting hide is toward the opposite ends of said sea es, and then again punehing said hard with reference tothe scales. Y

14. In the art of calculating la 's'ed time, the method which eensists, it its tioiliiig a ard, provided with a time scale, with wit e'renee to a muvitig guide and punching'or otherwise marking saiu card so ti's t'o' )roduce an index thereon for the put-prise 0'- de tennining the pasitien of said card for a subsequent marking or panama" dpetiitliifi, then, at a subsequent time; {flat g the card in a position determined by-the said index, and punching or otherwise marking the card with reference to said-time scale so that the time which ela sed between the two said marking or punch ng tiplerations is iiidicated on said that scale.

15; In the m of calculating elapsed time i and wages and making iiiialterable tee-era's, the method which coiisis't's iii pdsitionihg a earn, pusvidd with time and rate scales, with referents it it lndvlii me-fiber and punching or otherwise mar ring said'card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the position of said card for a subsequent marking or punching operation, then, at a subsequenttime, reversing the card with reference to a moving member and bringing the said index into cooperative relation with said moving member, and punchingor otherwise marking the card with reference to the scales so that the time which elapsed between said 'unching 5 on the said elapsed time is directly readable on the rate scale.

16. In the aft of calculating elapsed time, amounts, etc., the method which consists in positioning a suitable card'in cooperative relation with a moving guide and'a suitable scale, then punching or otherwise marking said card so as to produce an index thereon for the purpose of determining the osition of said card for a subsequent mar ing or punching operation, and then, at a subsequent time, punching or otherwise marking the card at a oint ntermedmte the end of the card and tiie index produced by the first punching or marking operation, so that the time which elapsed between the two said punching or marking operations is measured between the second punching operation and the end of the card.

17. In the art of calculating, the method which consists in producing on a card an indicating mark, then, after the lapse of an appreciable interval of time placing the card in a position determined by said indicating mark and producing asecond indicating mark on said card, and effecting the calculation'by measuring the distance between the end of the card and the second of said indicating marks.

18. In the art of calculating, the method which consists in placing a card in a definite position with reference to a marking device and producing on said card an indicating mark, then, after the lapse of an appreciable interval of time, again placing the card in cooperative relation to the mark ing device, the position of the card at the second time it is brought-into cooperative relation to the marking device being determined by the indicatin mark thereon, and then effecting the calcudatibn by measuring the distance between the second indicating mark and the end of the card.

19. In the art of calculating, the method which consists in marking 'a. card, provided with a permanent guide,'at' one period of time and in a redetermined relation to the permanent guide thereon, then, after the lation by measuring the distance between the second mark and said permanent guide on the card.

20. In the art of calculating elapsed time and wages, the method which consists in placing a card, provided on one side with a time scale and a rate scale having their basic or zero marks at the same end of the card and having a time scale on the other side of the card with its basic or zero mark at the other end of the card from that of said first mentioned time scale, in such relation to a movable guide that the end of said card having the zeros on the two first mentioned scales is next to said guide, op erating the guide at a predetermined speed, punching a recess in said card for the purpose of forming a guide mark thereon, then,

afterthe lapse of a period of time, reversing said card end for end and with the recess in substantially the same position with the movable guide as that occupied by the zeros of the two first mentioned scales on the card during the aforesaid punching operation and then punching a second recess in the card, whereby the said elapsed period of time and the wage compensation therefor may be read directly from the time and wage scales, respectively, on the card, reading from the zero of said scales.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

CLARENCE A. BISHOP.

Witnesses:

J ASuII. GRIFFIN, H. I. BERNHARD.

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