UA85778C2 - Installation for depuration of combustion gases, out flowing from the coke oven - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the installations for depuration of combustion gases, out flowing from coke ovens or coke furnace batteries, and can be used in by-product coking industry. The installation for depuration of combustion gases, out flowing from the furnace battery 1, contains at least one coke oven 2, connected with the smoke flue 3 by means of bottom millstone 4, equipped with the chimney valve 5, located at the zone of adjoining of bottom millstone 4 to the smoke flue 3. The installation also contains the loop 6 for depuration of combustion gases, which comprises exhaust-heat boiler 7, smoke exhauster 8 with guiding device 9 and control valve 10, located at the zone of outlet of the mentioned loop 6, adjoining to the smoke flue 3. The inlet of the mentioned loop 6 for depuration of combustion gases is connected with the bottom millstone 4 at the zone of adjoining of bottom millstone 4 to the coke oven 2. The installation is also equipped with gas flue 13, which connects the outlet of loop 6 for depuration of combustion gases with the bottom millstone 4, and the inlet of gas flue 13 is connected with the loop 6 before control valve 10 along the course of movement of combustion gases, and the outlet of gas flue 13 is connected with bottom millstone 4 at the zone of adjoining of bottom millstone 4 to the smoke flue 3 before the chimney valve 5. The gas flue 13 is equipped with the flow control valve 14 of combustion gases. The technical result: optimization of hydraulic operating regime of the coke oven, high degree of depuration of combustion gases, efficient work of exhaust-heat boiler.

Description

for 9002C, the semi-coke is completely transformed into a coal charge and is, as a rule, 13-18 coke. hours However, in some cases, the coking period may

Part of the primary products of coking, but be increased and amount to from 18 to 30 hours. Namely, primary gas and resinous substances, in contact with the heated walls and vault of the coke-heating gas to heat the coke oven and, as well as with coke, undergo pyrolysis when the coking period changes. accordingly, the volume of flue gases leaving the coke

Gaseous products of coking are caught in the oven. will be used as raw materials for the chemical industry. combustion in vertical heating channels

Traditionally, the coking process is carried out in combustible gas tanks, in particular - blast furnace, coke coke ovens or in a coke battery, which contains or a mixture of coke and blast furnace gas, etc., forming at least one coke oven. Before the intake of flue gases containing nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide are produced by burning hard coal in a coke oven. Also, the flue gases of its preparation, namely, crushed and prepared contain finely dispersed carbon particles. The quantity for coking, which has a certain composition and the composition of the flue gases depends on the composition, which ensures obtaining the condition of many factors. The main ones are: the level of commercial coke, which allows to increase the product temperature in the heating channels and the conditions of activity of the coke ovens. burning of heating gas; tightness

In the coke oven, the coking process takes place in layers of the heating walls of the coking and heating chambers, and the temperature of the layers of the coke oven system gradually increases, the excess coefficient increases from the heated (above 10002С) air walls. coke oven to the middle of loading. Answer: For the effective implementation of the coke process, the composition of the layers (starting from the walls) of hydration in coke ovens requires a certain hydration changes in the following sequence: coke - semi-coke - total mode, which provides the necessary temperature - plastic state - dry charge - raw charge. The coke-temperature regime in each coke oven and bath is considered complete when all layers of coke are effectively burned by heating gas. will come together in the middle of the coke oven. Until the end of the coke- Yes, for a coke oven, the optimal hydraulics, as a result of shrinkage, the so-called mode is formed, is the mode that provides the upper "coke cake", divided in the middle part of the part of the coke oven, under the hatch of the inspection hole-gap, which runs parallel to the heater, a small excess of pressure (0.1-5Pa). Such as the walls of the coking chamber, and each half of the regime is ensured by the amount of thrust in the gas duct- "pie" is divided into more or less large roofs, located on both sides of the coke oven, pieces by cracks. at the level of 200-300Pa. Such rarefaction supports-

The coke obtained in the furnace is removed from it by coke regulators installed in the gas ducts, the co-ejector and enters the fire extinguisher, the best range of operation of which is provided at where the red-hot coke is cooled with water or rarefaction in a bed of 400-500Pa. inert gas ("wet" or "dry" method). In the process of operation of the coke oven hydraulic

For the compactness of the coking plant and the best, the mode is constantly changing. The change in the hydraulic use of heat coke ovens are combined in the ba- regime depends on many factors, in particular, the tareya, 37-100 coke ovens in each, with a total of coke oven loading with coking coal, them for all ovens by waste supply systems from masonry tightness the walls of the coke oven, from the flue gas, the coal supply, the removal of raw fuel, which is used for heating coke gas, and the removal of flue gases. coke oven, coking period, temperature

The coke oven contains a coking chamber, heated ambient conditions. So, for example, the large walls located on both sides when choosing coke gas with a calorific value - coking chambers, regenerators, exhaust system - "4000kcal/m? one volume of heating gases is necessary, which consists of gas ducts, melting gas, and when choosing blast furnace gas, heated on both sides of the coke oven, while the calorific value of which is equal to "900 kcal/mu, the gas ducts are adjacent to sunbed In the upper part, it is necessary to use a larger volume of heating - coking chambers provided for loading bulk gas in comparison with coke gas. Poles, the coking chamber is closed from the ends by removing the optimal hydraulic regime of the coke door. The length of the coking chambers, as a right-hand furnace leads to deterioration of the uniformity of the furnace, is 16 m, height 4-7 m, width 0.4-0.5 m. heating and, as a result, to the deterioration of the quality of goods

The heating of the coking chambers is carried out for early coke, as well as before the increase in the cost of incineration in vertical channels of commodity coke. In addition, a decrease in the dilution of coke, blast furnace, or a mixture of different fuels (thrust) leads to a decrease in the productivity of flue gases. The heating of the coking chambers is important for the coke oven, and the increase in rarefaction is important for the appearance of the charge for the coking process, since there are a lot of things from unevenness in the heating system, to increasing the degree of heating along the length and height of the coke chambers. depends on the quality of the obtained gas, the deterioration of the burning conditions of the heating coke, and the burning conditions and the composition of the heating gas and, as a result, to a sharp increase in the content of the gas cause the amount and composition of smoke pollutants in the flue gases. gases Therefore, maintaining optimal hydraulic

The coking period of one coal load of the coke oven mode at a given level does not necessarily depend on the width of the coking chamber, a condition of its operation. temperature in the heating walls, typically

Traditionally, the removal of flue gases from the coke oven, the condition of the stack, the temperature of the battery into the atmosphere is carried out through the stack, etc. trumpet language As a rule, the coke battery is connected Increasing the ambient temperature to the flue pipe with the help of a couch, which more often leads to a decrease in rarefaction in the connecting gas ducts located on both sides of the coke pipe, and when the temperature of the nose battery decreases. of the environment is increasing

The bed is a gas duct with a cross section due to rarefaction in the chimney. 2.5x2.5m to 4x4m. As a rule, the sunbed is located. At the same time, when the temperature decreases, the melon is underground, and in the area where the sunbed is adjacent to the flue gases, the rarefaction of the smoke pipe decreases. A damper is installed in the smoke pipe. However, the temperature of flue gases to regulate rarefaction in the recliner. in the chimney should not be lower than the temperature

Also, in the area where the gas ducts are adjacent to the bed, where condensation of flue gases occurs, regulators designed for regulating gases are installed, as a result of which water and other rarefaction in coke ovens are released, which are by-products that lead to rapid wear and tear of the coke oven. batteries seaming of the chimney stack. When using

The flue pipe is designed to create a flue gas cleaning circuit, the temperature of the native dilution for the purpose of flue gas removal is constant and is in the range of gases from a coke battery. The chimney is assembled no. 180-22026. from the foundation, plinth and trunk. The value of rarefaction that creates smoke

The inner surface of the chimney trunk is a pipe with a greater vacuum value, which is not protected by a brick lining. necessary for the efficient operation of the coke oven or

The installation for cleaning the flue gas coke battery is known. When calculating and designing the gases leaving the coke oven (see the patent for the design of the smoke pipe, there are criteria that

of Ukraine Me38732, IPC STOV 45/00, B23 15/00, are hidden during its construction, while the main publ. 15.05.2001|, which contains: the criterion is the ability of the smoke pipe to provide a) a coke oven connected to the smoke pipe for the removal of all flue gases from the coke oven with the help of a couch, work at the maximum permissible modes of coke-p) smoke pipe cleaning circuit of gases, which, when turned on at the maximum possible positive temperature, heats the boiler-utilizer and smoke extractor with the directional equipment of the environment in the region, in the city, while the entrance of the specified loop will be constructed with a smoke pipe. When flue gases continue, a control system is connected to the couch in the coking zone during periods of coking. innovation for flue gas cleaning should

The flue gases leaving the coke oven go to the flue gas cleaning circuit, which does not disturb the stable operation of the coke oven, including the recovery boiler and smoke extractor. Heat treatment takes place in the boiler or coke battery, as well as the heat treatment would ensure stable operation of the heat recovery boiler. Because of the collision of gases, as a result of which the rarefaction and, accordingly, the thrust of the flue gas is reduced; also in the boiler-utilizer pipes, higher than the permissible value, heat extraction from the cleaned flues often occurs, which leads, on the one hand, to an increase in pro-gases. sled in the coke oven and until its stability is disturbed

In the well-known installation, the couch, with the help of which works, and, on the other hand, can lead to separation of the coke oven connected to the smoke pipe, does not have a torch in the recovery boiler and its failure. means for regulating the flow of flue gases that, in view of the significant cost of chimney construction, enter the chimney. Also, in the construction of coke plants, a smoke feature of the well-known installation is that the outlet pipe, in a number of cases, is intended for the maintenance of the flue gas cleaning circuit connected to the heating of several fuel-burning aggregates at two points. At the same time, the stream of purified flues, as well as intended for the maintenance of other flue gases that leave the boiler-utilizer, installations from which it is necessary to remove other gases, which is divided into two streams of purified flues formed in the production process, for example, gases, one of which forms a counterflow in the bed for the removal of excess gases from the dry gas installation and the flow of untreated flue gases leaving the coke oven. Therefore, the rarefaction of the smoke pipe, as in a coke oven, and the second stream of purified smoke, as a rule, is greater than the value of the rarefaction, which gases are discharged into the atmosphere through the smoke pipe, necessary for the effective operation of the coke oven. rei

The disadvantage of the known installation is the difficulty of increasing the vacuum in the bed to the level of maintaining the optimal hydraulic mode of operation, the liquefaction in the smoke pipe leads to an additional coke oven, due to the fact that the vacuum in the bed is always equal to the vacuum in the chimney, flue gases. In order to remove the flue gases from the since there are no means for the couch in the known installation into the flue gas cleaning circuit, it is necessary to create an additional resistance to the flow of flue gases in it, which increases the vacuum in the couch before observing the vacuum in the couch, which leads to the tongue pipe. inefficient operation of the boiler-utilizer, because

In the process of operation of the well-known installation, when the vacuum in the recovery boiler increases, the pressure in the smoke pipe is constantly changing, there is a decrease in the cleaning efficiency, only it depends on the amount and temperature of the flue gases, as a result of unorganized residual gases, the temperature of the surrounding air circulation .

The main task of the claimed invention is an installation for cleaning flue gases leaving a coke oven (see "It is established to create an installation for cleaning flue gases and thermal neutralization and heat utilization of gases leaving a coke oven, which allows flue gases coke batteries" magazine "Coke and achieve optimization of the hydraulic operation mode of chemistry", Mo 12. 2003. pp. 36-39), which contains a coke oven. a) at least one coke oven, connected to the Also the object of the claimed invention is a smoke pipe with the help of a couch, equipped - the development of an installation that allows you to achieve a high , departing from the jack to the smoke pipe, coke battery. p) the flue gas cleaning circuit, which includes a heat recovery boiler, a smoke extractor with a guide ap- the development of an installation that allows to achieve a high rate and a control valve located in the efficiency zone of the heat recovery boiler. the outlet of the specified circuit, which is adjacent to The set problems are solved by the fact that in the smoke pipe, while the input of the specified circuit to the installation for cleaning flue gases, which discharges flue gases, is connected to the bed in the coke oven, which contains, the area of adjacency of the bed to coke oven. a) at least one coke oven connected to

In a well-known installation, flue gases are removed with the flue using a couch equipped in the flue gas cleaning circuit, from which they are then discharged into the flue through a damper placed in the area of the connection to the flue. When diverting the flue to the chimney, flue gases from the bed into the flue gas cleaning circuit) the flue gas cleaning circuit, which includes gases, part of the flue gases is recirculated, the recovery boiler, the smoke extractor with a guide apato part of the cleaned of flue gases with a flue pipe and a control valve placed in the zone would through a sliding door installed in the lounger, the outlet of the specified circuit, which is adjacent to the return to the cleaning circuit together with the flue pipe, while the inlet of the specified circuit is the gases that are removed from the coke oven. The flue gas cleaning volume connected to the bed in the recirculating flue gas must be mini-zone of the bed adjacent to the coke oven, small, no more than 2-595 of the volume neutralizes - according to the claimed invention, them gases under the conditions of energy saving. In this case, c) the installation is equipped with a gas duct that connects the damper, located in the area of adjacent to the couch, and the outlet of the flue gas cleaning circuit from the couch to the chimney, must always be partially closed, while the entrance of the gas duct is connected with in the specified position, i.e. in such a position, determined by the contour in front of the control valve, which will ensure the operation of the coke oven in the event of a movement of flue gases, and the exit of the gas flue due to a stoppage or breakdown of the boiler-utilizer or with a couch in the zone the adjacency of the couch to the smoke extractor, since the closed position of the damper of the pipe in front of the damper in the course of the movement of smoke causes an emergency stop of the boiler-utilizer or a breakdown of gases, while the gas duct equipped with a regulator of the smoke extractor leads to the stoppage of the coke flow of flue gases. ovens When the damper is partially opened, which ensures the recirculation of flue gases in the volume of 2-55, the flow of which is connected to the circuit of cleaning the vacuum in the couch exceeds the vacuum of the flue gases in front of the control valve. along the smoke pipe, which leads to establishing not the course of movement of flue gases, but the exit with a couch, ensures the optimal hydraulic mode of operation of the coke oven, ensures stable and efficient operation of the coke oven or coke battery and excludes skipping

The disadvantage of the known installation is that for the flue gases, bypassing the recovery boiler, a pipe is required for flue gas recirculation. This is achieved by transferring more than part of the flue gases from the flue gas cleaning circuit to the area of the lounger, which is located in front of the part of the lounger with the sliding door, by the amount of gas resistance. The resistance of the part of the sunbed with the shutter in the direction of the movement of flue gases, which is determined by the safety shutter according to the following dependences, is determined by means of a control valve, which: regulates the flow of flue gases that enter the flue

AR-E(M/29)p(T/273) 0) of the mouth pipe directly from the cleaning circuit

M -in/E (2) flue gases. The presence of a control valve that ensures the creation of resistance to the flow of gases, which

DR - resistance of the part of the sunbed with a sliding door; are hidden in the flue gas cleaning circuit in naya - the coefficient of resistance of the part of the couch from the straight line of the smoke pipe, and their removal in the direction of steam; descent, which provides the possibility of choice

M - the speed of flue gases in the couch in the zone of the optimal hydraulic operating mode of the device - the location of the damper, m/s; novelties for cleaning flue gases. d - acceleration of free fall, m/sg; Supply of flue gases to the sunbed in the reconciliation zone - density of flue gases, kg/m3; throwing it to the chimney in front of the shutter

B - gas consumption, m3/z; increases the amount of flue gases passing through

E - the cross-sectional area of the sunbed in the area of the sunbed in the area of the damper location in the smoke chute - the location of the damper, me; bu, which, according to formulas (1), (2), increases the resistance t is the temperature of the flue gases, K. of the part of the sunbed with a shutter at susceptible cold

It can be seen from the given dependences that the resistance is partial to the opening of the gate. The change in the direction of the movement of the smoke of a sunbed with a shutter depends on the amount of strange gases through the sunbed in the area of the shutter and the number of gases that pass through it. and an increase in the resistance in the specified zone leads to a decrease in the vacuum in the bed to the optimal In the process of operation of the coke battery 1, in kos values. The reduction of rarefaction in the bed also produces flue gases in furnaces 2, which are removed, leading to a decrease in the rarefaction in the circuit along the gas ducts 111 and 112 into the bed 4. Regulation of flue gas cleaning and, as a result, the increase of flue gases is carried out by means of boiler efficiency -utilizer. flue gas supply regulators 121 and 12". In the zone

The use of a flow regulator in the gas duct connecting the couch 4 to the flue gas cleaning circuit 6 allows you to regulate the amount of flue gases, the flue gases are removed and, thereby, to stabilize and support the cleaning circuit with the help of a smoke vacuum 8, rarefaction on the level required for the optic supplied by the guide apparatus 9. In the circuit of small operation of the coke battery. cleaning b flue gases enter the boiler

In Fig. - the device for cleaning the recycler 7 is shown, in which the thermal removal of smoke gases leaving the coke oven takes place. flue gas damage. After the boiler-utilizer

The installation for cleaning flue gases, one part of the cleaned flue gases is discharged from the coke battery 1, contains coke ovens into the flue pipe C through the regulating valve 2, which are connected to the flue pipe C by means of 10, and the other part of the purified flue gases - into the sunbed 4. The sunbed 4 is also equipped with a damper 5, outlet 13, in which a flow regulator 14 is installed, located in the area of the sunbed 4's connection to the flue gases. pipes 3. The amount of flue gases that pass through

The flue gas cleaning circuit 6 includes a gas duct 13, determined according to the following dependence: a heat exchanger 7, a smoke extractor 8 with a guide device, (3) volume 9 and a control valve 10. Where

Also, coke battery 1 contains two gas ducts B - the amount of flue gases that pass through 111 and 11", which are located on the sides of gas duct 13, m/h; coking battery 1. At the same time, gas ducts 111 and 112 Vi - the amount of flue gases that come from designated for the removal of flue gases, which are intended for the removal of flue gases, which are from bed 4 to the smoke pipe Z with an acceptable in the zone, under the condition of a non-emergency situation on the coke battery, the switching of flue gas ducts 11 and 112 to couch 4, set 1, in the event of a shutdown of the installation) stages, flue gas supply regulators 121 and 12". digging a gate 5.mz/h;

The guide device 9 of the smoke extractor 8 serves for Veg - the amount of flue gases that are recirculated to regulate the flow of flue gases through the boiler-bed 4, m3/h. recycler 7. Inlet of the flue gas cleaning circuit. From flue 13, flue gases enter the gas bed 4 connected to the gas bed 4 in the adjacency zone in front of the shutter 5 in the direction of the flow of flue gases. Bed 4 to coke ovens 2, and the outlet of the circuit for part of the cleaned flue gases that entered the cleaning would be connected to the flue pipe 3. In bed 4 from the flue 13, it is diverted through the gate 5 to the exit zone of the cleaning circuit 6 flue gases smoke pipe 3, and the other part of the cleaned flue gases is diverted into the cleaning circuit by a countercurrent flow.

Also, the installation for flue gas cleaning, passing 6 flue gases through the adjacency zone leaving the coke oven, is equipped with a flue gas duct 4 to coke ovens 2, which allows 13, which connects the outlet of the cleaning circuit 6 flue gas, to exclude the leakage of non-treated flue gases with a bed 4. At the same time, the gas flue 13 enters the smoke pipe 3, bypassing the boiler connected to the cleaning circuit 6 in front of the regulating valve 10 in the direction of movement of the flue gases, and the change of rarefaction in the bed 4 regulated by the outlet of the flue 13 connected to the bed 4 in the zone using the rarefaction control sensor 15, the adjacency of the bed 4 to the smoke pipe C in front of the one installed in the bed 4. When increasing with the resolver 5 in the direction of the movement of flue gases. in the sunbed 4 control sensor 15 vacuum

Also, the gas duct 13 is equipped with a regulator 14 that provides information to the control unit 16 about the flue gas flow. produces a control command for the regulation

The installation includes a control system whose valve 10 and regulator 14 for increasing the flow includes a rarefaction control sensor 15, which when flue gases through the gas duct 13 and support is not installed in the couch 4, and the control unit 16, the input of the running vacuum in the couch 4 for the supply of which is connected to the control sensor 15, and the output of the optimal hydraulic mode of operation of the coke control unit 16 is connected to the regulating valve of the battery 1. pan 10 and the flue gas flow regulator 14. Tests of the declared installation for checking

The installation for cleaning flue gases, which were carried out at the coke oven, works as follows. batteries at OJSC "ZAPOROJKOKS". The test results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

Table 1

Number of rarefaction in the bed, with rarefaction in the boiler - K.K.D. boiler-utilizer, and gas recirculation devices 595, Pa tilizers, Pa sus

Rarefaction | //MOvVY" recirculation 5 U r o -- |Ziv, which waste- . . . in a chimney with a coke-Technical Technical Technical Technical pipe, Power battery Prototype |solution that| Prototype |solution that| Prototype |solution that

From ' declared declared declared thousand m/h -1000 -020 left | 500 | 82 | 89,700 | forehead | 815 | 400 | -900 2 jur 50 | 84 | 89 ( and -600 | forehead | 610 | 400 | -00 | 5 | 86 | 89 |/

It can be seen from Table 1 that, depending on the change, it led to sub-optimal hydraulic dilution in the smoke pipe Z at the same pressure and unstable operation of the coke battery. those of the flue gases leaving the coke battery. Also, when using the technical solution 1, in the technical solution that is claimed, the solution that is claimed, the rarefaction, in which the pressure in the bed 4 corresponded to the optimal operation of the recovery boiler 7, in comparison with to the protovalue required to provide the effect decreases and is -500Pa. The changeable hydraulic mode of operation of coke liquefaction, in which the boiler-battery 1 works, while the nearest technology-utilizer 7, increases the reliability of its operation, and the night solution (prototype) of liquefaction in the bed also reduces the amount of suction and improves was significantly higher than the optimal value that the process of thermal treatment of flue gases leaving from coke battery 1.

Table 2

The number of The number of flue gases, which The number of flue gases, which

Quantity: removed from the cleaning circuit - smoke removed from the cleaning circuit, thousand m/h Dilution in the bed, Optimum

The rarefaction of gases, which is the fuel, what is the temperature, thousands of mU/hour, thousands of Pa with - are submitted to the (technical solution, the values of the flue gas | depart from (prototype) - and the boiler - the declared rarefaction of the pipe, Pa of coke I - n utiliser, Technical | in a sunbed, Pa battery, thousand z/ U In smoke U In smoke n ; m/h thousand m/h sunbed pipe sunbed pipe rototype of the proposed solution 800 1 100 | 20 | - | 120 | 18 | 102 | 815 | 400 | -400 sv0o | 80 | 715 | - | 95 | zo | 65 | -815 | 400 | -400 and svoo | 60 | 712 | - | 72 | 42 | zo | 815 | 400 | - 400

It can be seen from Table 2 that depending on the change in the number, it corresponds to the optimal value of the dilution of the flue gases leaving the coke battery in the bed for the operation of the coke battery. In the same case 1, with a constant rarefaction in the chimney, time, when using the closest technical which is higher than the optimal value, which resulted in the same level of -400Pa, which leads to inefficient operation of the coke battery.

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Computer layout A. Kryzhanivskyi Signature Circulation 28 approx.

Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine

State Department of Intellectual Property, str. Urytskogo, 45, Kyiv, MSP, 03680, Ukraine

SE "Ukrainian Institute of Industrial Property", str. Glazunova, 1, Kyiv - 42, 01601