UA82036C2 - Method for intensification of gaseous fuel burning - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for intensification of burning gaseous fuel relates to power engineering, transportation of natural gas, metallurgical industry, branches of industry with utilization of organic industrial and domestic wastes, and can be used in installations operating on hydrocarbon gaseous fuel. The method includes formation on electrodes of electric discharge that forms electric high-voltage field that affects process of burning. At that gaseous fuel of fuel-air mix in process of injection undergo effect of electric varying high-voltage field of silent discharge with following catalytic treatment. At that treatment of gaseous fuel or fuel-air mix takes place with previous adding oxygen-containing additives, this leads to increase of content of oxygen-containing radicals at burning. One uses as well silent discharge with variable power and voltage for generation of radicals of hydrocarbons formed under effect of electric high-voltage field is kept at value from 2 to 20 kV. Besides that for generation of radicals of hydrocarbons one uses gas discharge with increased frequency and variable power. As result decrease of energy of activation of endothermic process of decomposition of hydrocarbons of gaseous fuel is provided due to previous formation of hydrocarbon radicals, hydrogen atoms, oxygen-including radicals, ions and ion-radicals in flow of gaseous fuel just before stage of burning fuel-air mix and during pre-flame treatment of gaseous fuel-air mix to burning.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to power engineering, natural gas transportation, metallurgical industry, branches of industry 2 for the utilization of organic industrial and household waste, that is, it can be used in installations that operate on hydrocarbon gaseous fuel.

There is a known method of intensifying the combustion of gaseous fuel in burners with preliminary mixing of air and fuel (see V.A. Speisher Gas combustion at electric power stations and in industry. - M.:

energy 1967 - 252 p.). In premixing burners, gaseous fuel is mixed with air in 70 special devices - mixers, after which the mixture is ignited at the exit from the burner. Stabilization of the flame is ensured by means of tunnels, diaphragms, non-streamlined bodies or other devices. Burners for premixing gaseous fuel with air have a high thermal intensity of the combustion zone.

Disadvantages - the use of only thermal activation of combustion, lack of synthesis of ions and radicals before the combustion process, which leads to an increase in fuel consumption and products of incomplete combustion. 12 A known method of intensifying the combustion of gaseous fuel using ozone | see a.s. Mo1453120

USSR MKI" E 23 O 21/00; E 23 C 11/00. Fuel combustion method (G.S. Stolyarenko et al.)). The method consists in supplying part of the air to the ozonator, where ozone is synthesized in the amount of 1/500 - 1,250 in relation to the fuel, then the ozone-air mixture is treated with a flow of an inorganic alkaline absorbent with a solution pH of about 10 11 to obtain oxygen-containing radicals from ozone. Air consumption is maintained at the level of the excess air coefficient of 1.15 - 1.2. The flow of ozone - radical steam-air mixture, as an oxidizer, is fed into the combustion zone.

Disadvantages - the multi-stage technology of the synthesis of oxygen-containing radicals obtained after the stages of ozonation of solutions; impact on ozonized solutions by an alkaline solution; the difficulty of maintaining optimal pH values (decrease in pH below 10 leads to the penetration of ozone into the combustion zone without the formation of radicals and the formation of unwanted nitrogen oxides; at a pH of more than 11, the destruction of ozone and assimilation of radicals at a high rate). p. 29 A known method of intensifying the combustion of gaseous fuel using a strong electromagnetic (U field | see patent Mo 2079786 Russia, MKI 9 E 23 O 14/24 Method of intensification of burning of the flame in the furnace of a boiler plant / Dudshev V. D. Mo 95109989/06 statement 06/14/1995, published 05/20/1997, Bulletin Mo 14.). The essence of the method consists in the formation of a strong electromagnetic field from a controlled high-voltage converter "co" (in terms of voltage and frequency), while high-voltage potentials are supplied through a nozzle isolated from the furnace and the ground and to the heating surfaces, which are also electrically isolated from the combustion chamber. As a result of the action "of the electropolar torch of the flame, additional ionization occurs; ions, radicals of fuel and oxidizer interact better, move with ionized air into the combustion zone. "Fresh" electrons from the needles placed on the surface of the heat-receiving surface are additionally introduced into the flame torch, as a result of which the number of centers of initiation of the combustion process increases. co

Disadvantages - high energy costs for creating an electromagnetic field, because the effect is manifested at increased current and voltage power; high temperatures in the combustion zone significantly affect the stability of the electromagnetic field, which can cause an arc discharge and a drop in process efficiency. The creation of an electromagnetic field requires electromagnetic stabilization of the discharge, requires high accuracy in regulation. « 20 The closest in terms of technical essence to the proposed method is the method of intensification of combustion of gaseous fuel, which is implemented in the device for preparing the oxidizer for fuel combustion | see stalemate.

Ukraine Mo 52845, MKY? Eg23С11/00, publ. 15.10.2003, Bull. Moi, 2003) by creating a constant electric voltage of 20-25 kV on the electrodes from an electric discharge that creates an electric high-voltage field that affects the combustion process. Under the action of an electric field, active particles are formed from the oxygen in the air, which are evenly distributed across the cross section of the oxidizer flow. Ltd. Disadvantages - the need to use high voltage direct current up to 25 kV (the specific energy consumption for the synthesis of ions and radical ions from oxygen and water vapor contained in the air increases); this method io) only increases the oxidizing capacity of blowing, but does not ensure a decrease in the activation energy of the endothermic hydrocarbon decomposition process of gaseous fuel, which leads to a limitation in the economy of gaseous 5p fuel, which does not exceed 2-395; the ecological effect of reducing the toxicity of flue gases is also low - 20 - so Zoo.

The basis of the invention is the task of ensuring a reduction in the activation energy of the endothermic process of decomposition of gaseous fuel hydrocarbons due to the preliminary formation of hydrocarbon radicals, oxygen-containing radicals, hydrogen atoms, ions and ion-radicals in the flow of gaseous fuel immediately before the stage of combustion of the fuel-air mixture, as well as during the period of pre-flame preparation of the fuel-air mixture for combustion.

GF) The task is solved by the fact that in the method of intensifying the combustion of gaseous fuel, by the formation of an electric discharge on the electrodes, which creates an electric high-voltage field that affects the combustion process. According to the invention, gaseous fuel or a fuel-air mixture in the injection process is exposed to an alternating high-voltage electrical field of a silent discharge with subsequent catalytic treatment, which leads to an increase in the content of hydrocarbon radicals and hydrogen atoms during combustion.

At the same time, the processing of gaseous fuel and (or) the fuel-air mixture takes place with the preliminary addition of oxygen-containing additives, which leads to an increase in the content of oxygen-containing radicals during combustion.

In addition, on electrodes covered with a dielectric with catalysts applied to them, an electric discharge of a certain type is created - a silent discharge.

And they also use an electric discharge (quiet discharge) of variable power, and the voltage for generating hydrocarbon radicals, which are formed under the action of a high-voltage electric field, is maintained from 2 to 2 kV.

In addition, a gas discharge of increased frequency and variable power is used to generate hydrocarbon radicals.

A comparative analysis with the prototype allows us to conclude that the proposed technical solution differs from the prototype in supplying fuel or a fuel-air mixture to the electric discharge, introducing oxygen-containing additives, reducing the discharge voltage, using the process of electro-catalytic influence on the fuel-air mixture during the generation of hydrocarbon radicals, ions and ion-radicals of hydrocarbons, /o oxygen-containing radicals and hydrogen atoms. This leads to the optimization of the pre-flame preparation of fuel and (or) the fuel-air mixture for combustion in conditions of low energy costs, since the energy costs do not exceed 2.5-3,596 of the obtained energy effect according to the proposed method; to the reduction of the thermal component of the activation energy, which leads to a reduction in fuel consumption for maintaining the combustion reaction and to savings of gaseous fuel of 11.8 and more percent, which is much more compared to the prototype.

The method of intensification of burning is as follows.

The method in its essence consists of physical, electrical and thermochemical stages. Dosing of gaseous fuel and air, injection of fuel and air and mixing of gaseous fuel and air, formation of a gaseous fuel-air mixture, which is fed for combustion, is carried out. Intensification of the combustion process according to the prototype using a high-voltage electric field refers to stage 2 of air injection. Intensification according to the claimed method refers to fuel injection, the formation of a fuel-air mixture, namely to the preparation of a fuel-air mixture for combustion.

The proposed technical solution is explained by the drawing: in Fig. - installation diagram.

Technological diagram in Fig. contains: 1 - cylinder with gaseous fuel; 2 - generator of radicals, ions and radical ions; C - a current source, an ion-radical generator; 4 - apparatus for dosing oxygen-containing compounds; 5 - blower; 6 - flow regulators; 7 - burner; 8 - zone of electronic catalysis; 9 - zone of heating the coolant. (8)

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

Gaseous hydrocarbons from cylinder 1 go to generator 2, where it passes through the discharge zone. To create a discharge, a voltage from 2 to 20 kV is applied to generator 2 from the current source C. Air is supplied with the blower 5 to the apparatus 2 and to the burner 7. Distribution of flows and metered mixing is carried out by regulators 6. To saturate with oxygen-containing compounds, the flow of gaseous fuel passes completely or partially through the apparatus 4. The gas flow is directed to the burner 7 for combustion, which structurally combined with the zone of electronic catalysis. After establishing a stationary combustion mode, the specific fuel consumption for heating the coolant (water) is determined for each experiment. Comparative fuel consumption c was measured with the same volume of coolant and the same difference in heating temperatures depending on the heating time c.

Tables 1-4 show experimental data on the intensification of the combustion of gaseous fuels when using various factors that were used to create a method of burning gaseous fuels. « with Table 1 no) " Electronic catalysis using methane without adding oxygen-containing compounds 4

Co., Ltd. Fuel economy, 61112071: co. Table 2

Oe 20 Electronic catalysis using methane with the addition of oxygen-containing compounds (water or hydrogen peroxide solution)

F parameter 59 Fuel economy 1201 vya11 10113

F)

KkZz Table Z

Electronic catalysis using propane-butane without the addition of oxygen-containing compounds

Fuel economy, З6Г111-01138011101ю b5

Table 4

Electronic catalysis using propane-butane with the addition of oxygen-containing compounds (water or hydrogen peroxide solution)

Parameter Without the use of a catalyst With the use of a catalyst

Eunomia fuel, 46111161

As can be seen from the table. 1-4 when using methane as a fuel, the fuel economy when using a catalyst in the pre-flame preparation of gaseous fuel or a fuel-air mixture is 11.8905.

When using oxygen-containing additives before supplying fuel to the electric discharge (silent discharge), the fuel economy is 13.595. When using a propane-butane mixture as fuel, the fuel economy is 1095 and 15.4905, respectively.

When using a gas discharge with a supply of high-frequency voltage to the electrodes, the fuel economy reached 15.2 - 19.696. Thus, the proposed method of intensifying the combustion process of gaseous hydrocarbons leads to fuel savings due to the generation of radicals, ions and radical ions in the fuel preparation zone.

The proposed technical solution allows to create a technology of intensification of gaseous fuel combustion for operating boilers of any capacity. The implementation of the technical solution does not require changes or rebuilding of the boiler furnaces, the burner designs are subject to change; electrical equipment for creating an electric silent or gas discharge is standard; catalysts that are applied to electrodes and (or) dielectrics of high and low voltage electrodes are publicly available.

An experimental sample in the form of a bench installation was manufactured and tested by the applicants. Ha 7 o

Claims (5)

The formula of the invention 1. The method of intensifying the combustion of gaseous fuel, which includes the formation of an electric discharge on the electrodes, which creates a high-voltage electric field that affects the combustion process, which is characterized by the fact that gaseous fuel or a fuel-air mixture during the injection process is exposed to the influence of an electric variable of a high-voltage silent discharge field with subsequent catalytic treatment. at 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs in that the processing of gaseous fuel or fuel-air mixture is carried out with the prior addition of oxygen-containing additives. with C. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, which differs in that co-catalysts are applied to electrodes covered with a dielectric. 4. The method according to any of claims 1-3, which differs in that the voltage for generating hydrocarbon radicals formed under the action of a high-voltage electric field is maintained from 2 to 20 kV. 5. The method according to any of the previous clauses, which differs in that a gas discharge of increased frequency and variable power is used to generate radicals "70 hydrocarbons. - and? so ko o o (42) ko 60 b5