UA66822U - Method for reclamation of organic wastes - eco-pyro-genesis - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for reclamation of organic wastes – eco-pyro-genesis – relates to ecologically safe non-waste thermal utilization of organic household wastes and can be used in municipal economy for regeneration of organic solid wastes with production of alternative fuel as synthesis-gas and liquid fuel of light fractions. The introduction of new temperature modes and new sequence of operations that combine two different processes such as process of multi-circuit pyrolysis without access of oxygen and process of gasification with restricted access of oxygen at mixing flows of those makes it possible to provide ecologically safe reclamation of the total solid household wastes, without harm for environment, and to obtain valuable outflow products without dioxins.

Claims (1)

( (51) МПК (2011.01) КИ Е23С 5/027 (2006.01) М Стос 1/00 ДЕРЖАВНА СЛУЖБА видається під ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ - й : ВЛАСНОСТІ о П И С виснуальнсть УКРАЇНИ ДО ПАТЕНТУ патенту НА КОРИСНУ МОДЕЛЬ нЛляМШЛМНЛООВООНВЦ ТТ ЮІЕИКККІІИІІІІІОООТІТЬЬОООЬЬИЕІШШШШШШОЛІО.О ООЛІООИООВВОВООЛОВЛЛІЕИТОКОЛИЛОЬИХОХВОИСТЛООХХЬТТЬТЬИТНЬТЬТЬОСХХІХОТЛТИТТООХЗООТОВОООООВВЛОЛОВТИИОТОТИОТОИТНЯ» ( 54) METHOD OF DISPOSAL OF ORGANIC WASTE - ECOPYROGENESIS 1 2 (21) i2g01105242 from the calculated one, and with Me150 - increase, (22) 04.26.2011 starting from the last contour, and if the value (24) 01.25.2012 Me150 has not changed, then decrease number of con- (46) 01.25.2012, Byul.Mo 2, 2012 rounds by equalizing the temperatures of neighboring (72) MARKINA LYUDMYLA MYKOLAIVNA, RYZHKOV contours, starting from the temperature of the first con- SERHIY SERGIYOVYCH, RUDYUK MYKOLA VASY- tour, which differs by the fact that organic municipal waste is preliminarily divided into dry and liquid (73) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF KORABLEG, dry is fed into the reactor torus of pyrolysis with a temperature BUILDING NAMED AFTER ADMIRAL MAKAROV, MAR- 1000-1100 "С at the calculated temperature of per- KINA LYUDMYLA MYKOLAIVNA, SERHIY RYZHKOV of the circuit 450-550 "С, which decreases in each SERGIYOVYCH, RUDYUK MYKOLA VASYLOVYCH next circuit by 100 -120 "С or more- (57) The method of disposal of organic household waste is separated at 85-100 "С, while wet food waste - ecopyrogenesis, which includes pyrolysis of waste into waste is mixed with a hot solid carbon reactor without access to air, obtaining a solid residue (pyrocarbon), which comes from the reactor carbon residue and the multi-component pyrolysis steamer, and is fed to the gas generator for the two-gas mixture, its further cooling in multi-zone gasification, and the output hot generator is to the loop circulation cooling system with gas from the gas generator is fed into the reactor with the estimated number of circuits and pyrolysis temperature, where it is mixed with the vapor-gas mixture of the coolers, the selection of heavy liquid fraction and shu and together with it passes through a multi-circuit cir- receiving on the final circuit of the liquid fraction from the culation system, the initial products formed without the specified molecular weight lead to con- dioxins, such as synthesis gas, are fed to the gastur- - the role of molecular weight values M liquid fraction, bin or gas-piston power plant, the liquid gas obtained on the final circuit of the cooling system of light fractions is supplied to the diesel engines of the Mavzion, at M»150 the temperature of the coolers of garbage trucks, and the ash after gasification is supplied to each circuit, starting from the first, reducing production line of asphalt concrete mixtures. SI SI. (se) The useful model belongs to the field of ecological phase is separated with the help of settling into 8 safe waste-free thermal utilization of organic light hydrocarbons and a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons and optical household waste and can be used di, this mixture is used as a wetting in. in the communal economy for the regeneration of ordin for granulation. Features that coincide with the production of domestic solid waste with essential features of the claimed method: alternative fuel in the form of synthesis gas and - pyrolysis without access to air; liquid fuel of light fractions. - obtaining a multi-component steam-gas mixture "Known "Method of utilization of waste polymer mixture and solid carbon residue; -From materials" (see author's certificate of the USSR Mo1201294 MKI 4 - further cooling of the steam-gas mixture, b STO 1/00, publ. 12.30.85. Bul. Me48)|, which included its division into components in the form of liquid and gaseous pyrolysis without air access at the temperature of a similar fraction. 400-980 70 with obtaining a multicomponent vapor. - their waste and one-stage cooling of the fine fraction, and the solid carbon residue of the sub-component steam-gas mixture, which is not treated and granulated together with the wetting oven of the deep decomposition of the components with a liquid, then the granules are dried, while rare hydrocarbons and dioxins to molecular mass of no more than 200. It should be noted that the starting products of heavy hydrocarbons formed during such processes include high-molecular toxic heavy pyrolysis of dry organic waste, but they do not provide hydrocarbons and are especially dangerous for the environment due to the decomposition of dioxins, which can form an environment dioxins that can cause albeit in small amounts. Rational - irreparable damage to the environment. he method of disposal of wet food waste. The source of dioxin formation is the chemical process is the gasification method, (see the book by L.K. Kollerov. Ha- during the thermal disposal of organic waste, including zomotornye installations. Mashgiz. Gosudarstvennoe including the well-known pyrolysis technology. scientific - technical publishing house mashinostroiy - the closest in technical essence to zatelnyi literature! M - L. 1951. 237 C). But the given method has a significant drawback, it does not provide waste. patent for the invention of Ukraine Mo 52840 of a stable process at high humidity of raw materials - IPC 7 g230 5/027, C100 1/00, publ. 15.01.03. as well as deep decomposition of heavy fractions Bul. Mo 1), which includes the pyrolysis of waste in a hydrocarbon reactor, in addition, in its generator gas without access to air at a temperature of 400-980 72 s, a large amount of heavy hydrocarbons was detected by obtaining a solid carbon residue and ba- (resin) and dioxins that pollute the environment gas-component steam-gas mixture, its subsequent environment, which is the main reason for narrowing- cooling in the multi-circuit circulation suction area of application of this technology. And the cooling system with the estimated amount of dioxin - in relatively small doses (concentrations and temperatures of coolers, selection of scales) is a highly effective poison, it affects almost all the beds of the liquid fraction and obtaining the final form of living matter - from bacteria to the warm-blood circuit of the liquid fraction with the specified molecular them, then the use of gasification of household waste. It is prohibited to carry out control of the molecular weight values. Thus, the known method of mass M of the liquid fraction obtained on the final can ensure environmentally safe disposal of the circuit of the cooling system, at a temperature of M»150, of the total volume of solid household waste, as well as the rature of coolers of each circuit, starting to obtain raw products without dioxins from the first, reduce from the calculated maximum. The useful model is based on the task of 50 7C, and with Me150 - increase it by 50 C, improve the method of organic waste utilization starting from the last circuit, and if the value - ecopyrogenesis in full volume by introducing Me150 has not changed, then reduce the number of con- new temperature regimes and new sequences by equalizing the temperatures of adjacent those operations that combine two different processes: pro- contours, starting from the temperature of the first con- multi-circuit pyrolysis without access to oxygen and tour . Signs that coincide with the essential features of the gasification process with limited access to oxygen, the method that is claimed: when mixing their streams and due to this ensure - pyrolysis of waste in a reactor without access to the environmentally safe disposal of all waste; volume of solid household waste, without harming - obtaining solid carbon residue and the environment, as well as obtaining a multicomponent steam-gas mixture; valuable starting products without dioxins. - its further cooling in a multi-circuit The set task is solved by the fact that the circulation system of cooling based on the calculation of the utilization of organic waste - ecopyrogenesis, by the number of circuits and cooling temperatures, which includes the pyrolysis of waste in a reactor without precoolers; pu air, obtaining a solid carbon residue - selection of a heavy liquid fraction and obtaining a multi-component vapor-gas mixture, the final circuit of a liquid fraction with the indicated molecular mass; culation cooling system with calculations - control of the values of the molecular mass M of the liquid - the number of circuits and the temperatures of the coolers, which fraction obtained on the final circuit of the system - selection of the heavy liquid fraction and obtaining at the ends of the cooling, at M»150 the temperature of the cooling circuit of the liquid fractions with the specified molecular weight of each circuit, starting from the first, by molecular weight, control the molecular values - reduce from the calculated, and at Me150 - from the molecular weight M of the liquid fraction obtained on the last circuit, and if the final circuit of the cooling system, if the value of M"e150 has not changed, then the temperature of the coolers of each circuit is reduced by M"150 - the number of circuits by equalizing the temperature, starting from the first one, is reduced from the calculations of neighboring circuits, starting from the temperature of the current, and at M" e150 - increase, starting from the first contour. The reasons that prevent the last circuit, and if the value of M"150 does not obtain the necessary technical result: has changed, then reduce the number of circuits by - the known method does not solve the problem of utilization of hom temperature equalization of neighboring circuits, solid household waste (SWW) in full starting from temperature of the first circuit, with no emissions of dioxins into the environment, which, according to the proposal, organic household because it does not ensure the disposal of food waste is pre-divided into dry and wet, divs, the volume of which reaches up to 50 95 of the total kilo- dry fed into the pyrolysis reactor with the bone temperature of solid household waste, while moisture 1000-1100 "С at the calculated temperature, the hardness of food waste can reach up to 60 95 and the contour of 450-550 "С, which decreases every more. In addition, the temperature regimes both in the reactive next circuit at 100-120 "C or the booster, and in the multi-circuit circulation system are set at 85-100 C, while the wet food of the known method effectively provides liquid waste is mixed with hot solid carbon residue (pyrocarbon), which comes from the pyrolysis reactor, it enters, for example, four pyrolysis units, and is fed to the gas generator for a two-stage gasification system with the appropriate temperatures of the zone gasification, and the output hot generator of stages, (450; 350; 230; 130)" p. Considering that the dark gas from the gas generator is fed into the reactor, the condensation temperature of TCDD is 2507, then in pyrolysis, where it is mixed with the steam-gas mixture, its steam-gas component will be condensed and together with it, it passes through a multi-circuit third circuit with a temperature of 230 "С , and the encapsulation system, and the initial products formed without further and on the fourth, at the same time condensed dioxins, such as synthesis - gas, are fed to the gas turbine- dioxin component together with liquid heavy frabin power plant, liquid fuel of light fractions of hydrocarbons will be returned to the reactor, where it is fed into the diesel engines of garbage trucks, and the ash will be subjected to repeated destruction, the process after gasification is fed to the production line, circulation on each of the circuits will continue until dioxin and, accordingly, heavy carbon Revealing the cause-and-effect relationship, hydrogen will not be decomposed into lighter components with, among the essential features of the claimed method, correspondingly lower toxicity. Thus, and the technical result that is achieved, it is necessary to note the following: part of exposure (from several minutes to several Signs: "... organic household waste (across hours) of this high molecular weight component is divided into dry and wet, dry is fed into and - dioxin in a given temperature regime pyrolysis reactor with a temperature of 1000-1100 "C until its complete decomposition. to the calculated temperature of the first circuit 450- Signs: "...wet food waste is mixed with 550"C, which decreases in each subsequent hot solid carbon residue (pyrocar- circuit at 100-120 "C or increases by 85- bonom) that enters from the pyrolysis reactor, and according to 100 2С...", the experimentally set temperature is fed into the gas generator for two-zone gasification, and the thermal boundaries ensure deep decomposition of the output hot generator gas from the gas generator - not only heavy hydrocarbons, but also dioxins into the ecotor is fed into the pyrolysis reactor, where it is mixed in a logically safe mode with the steam-gas mixture and passes along with it It is known that high temperature (1000-1500 C) and initial products without dioxins, such as synthesis gas, the residence time of dioxins (not less than 2 seconds) are fed to a gas turbine power plant, liquid at this temperature without access to oxygen. But combustible light fractions are fed into diesel engines to ensure the given conditions on industrial equipment - garbage trucks, and ash after gasification is fed into the no problematic, since when the temperature increases - the line for the production of asphalt concrete mixtures" tours sharply increases the pressure in the reactor, accordingly, they provide environmentally safe thermal waste - it is necessary to remove a part of the steam-gas mixture, which contains the zation of the entire volume of solid household waste, for heavy hydrocarbons and dioxins, from the reactor, and due to the mixing of the streams of initial products, this operation on the one hand does not always invest - two processes, on the one hand the introduction of high-energy at a given time, and on the other hand, does not provide an eco-energetic additive (pyrocarbon) to low caloric safety for the environment. generator gas from the admixture, which is declared, which is represented by the resin temperatures and dioxins are introduced into the reactor, multiple parameters ensure effective decomposing of circuit circulation pyrolysis (CCP) where heavy particles of not only heavy hydrocarbons, but also components of resins and dioxins will fall on the circuits and dioxins, respectively, in a given temperature range, will be decomposed into light fractions and due to this ratur with unlimited time of action. The basis of this will be ecologically safe raw products - the principle of recirculation of heavy wastes, which can be used by the consumer for components with high molecular weight and direct purpose without additional modifications, a higher temperature of condensation to the formation, which can be used by the consumer, ensures waste-free production. ration of lighter components with molecular weight. For example, the element chlorine represents dioxins, and in the energy-saving mode it is completely a gas with a molecular weight of 35, and any disposal of the entire volume of the organic part of solid compounds of chlorine with the formation of dioxins leads to household waste due to the combination of two children to an increase in the molecular weight of the new different processes: the BCP process without access of oxygen from the component and in accordance with the increase in temperature - optimal temperature regimes, and its condensation processes, for example, dioxin 2,3,7,8 ces of gasification with limited access of oxygen, which - tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8 - TCDD), which ensures the decomposition of not only heavy carbon- formed from chlorine, is a solid substance of levodones, but also dioxins. In addition, in the combined molecular weight of 321.8, accordingly, its temperature is involved in the process of thermal utilization of a solid melting temperature of 303-305 C, and the temperature of the carbon residue (pyrocarbon) and generator condensation is about 250 "C. At a temperature of 600 °C, the gas, which contains heavy resins and dioxygen, begins to decompose, and with exposure for more than 3 seconds, at the output of two combined processes at a temperature of up to 1000 °C, the results are completely ecologically safe, without dioxins falls. Thus, when liquid fuel, mixed combustible gas and ash are formed in the reactor. with a temperature of 1000-1100 "С, such a component The essence of a useful model is explained by the scheme where: as TCDD in the process of multi-circuit circulation - the drawing shows a block diagram of process water, including heavy resins, in which the temperature of the ecopyrogenesis process during the disposal of the condensation temperature above 450 "C, condenses in the ganic part of solid household waste in the form of a liquid fraction (M1 ) flow into reactor 3, where the flows are marked with arrows: they are subjected to reheating and, accordingly, B - supply of dry raw materials; additional decomposition. The molecular weight of M, MI, M2, M3 - the output of the steam-gas mixture of heavy components is within the range of 2500 fractions to 10000 in a multi-circuit circulation system. With repeated heating and the formation of secondary matter; of the PGS, it again enters the ML in the flow M - the output of the vapor-gas mixture of light fractions of the circuit 9, while the lighter components, to the output condenser; which were formed after reheating and have М1, М2, МЗ3, М4 - return to the condensing reactor - the condensation temperature is less than 450 "С, non-condensed heavy liquid fractions, including those that condense in the first circuit and pass (flow of condensed various types of dioxins from the 4th circuit (MI) into the second circuit of 10 with the cooling temperature of the multi-circuit circulation system; temperature is 350 "C, their molecular weight decreases C - the output of a solid residue (pyrocarbon) after up to 1500-2000, the process of condensation and return multi-circuit circulation pyrolysis; heavy liquid fractions and dioxins (flow M2) in the reactor - VV - supply of wet raw materials; torus 3. The third circuit 11 (stream M2) receives GH- generator gas with resin impurities and dioc- components with a condensation temperature of more than 100 degrees Celsius; 230 C and, accordingly, with a molecular weight of 300-Z - ash after gasification; 700. For example, taking into account that the temperature of CH - synthesis - gas, the mixture of pyrolysis and generator-condensation of TCDD is 250 "C with the molecular weight of nitrogen gas; mass 321.8, then its steam-gas component will be DP - diesel fuel. condense on the third circuit 11 The method of ecopyrogenesis is carried out in an installation at 230 "C and flows into the reactor Z (flow M3), and the flow, the block diagram of which is shown in the drawing. - heavy components (stream M4), the circulation process is divided into two streams: stream (B) of dry waste 1, in each of the circuits will continue until high-molecular thermoplastics are included until dioxin and heavy hydrocarbons decompose into polymers and stream (BB) wet 2, which includes lighter components with correspondingly lower current - food waste and others. Disposal is carried out on a large scale. After the 4th circuit 12, we obtain the PGS in two interconnected lines, on the first line light fractions (ML flow) with a temperature below 130 "С and a molecular weight of non-dry waste in a hermetic reactor Z without more than 150, which will ensure the complete decomposition of not too much air at the temperature range of 1000 heavy fractions of hydrocarbons, but also of all dioxins, 1100 C. At the same time, organic waste that was formed during both pyrolysis and gasification decomposes with the formation of volatile components of vapor-gas-solid household waste. Next, the light fractions of the coal mixture (PGS) 4 heavy fractions and carbonic hydrogen (ML), without any impurities of residual dioxins (pyrocarbon) (C) 5. And on the second line, the wet is fed to the output condenser 13 from the temperature - the waste is fed in a two-zone gas generator (with GHG cooling to 35 "С, which provides con- 23) 6 for gasification in case of lack of oxygen. In the production and separation of all light liquid fractions - the gasification process in the gas generator 6, diesel fuel (DP) 14 and synthesis gas (SG) 15 are formed, which are ash (3) 7 and hot generator gas (GH) 8 with the same directly reach their consumers. temperature of 600 "C, which is fed to the BCI line and Thus, the proposed method is eco-pyro- mixed with PGS 4, and hot pyrocarbon (C) 5 from genesis allows in an environmentally safe and energy- temperature of 1000 "C from the BCP line is mixed with in the gas-saving mode, completely dispose of all organic waste 2 and feed the volume of the organic part of solid household waste to the gas generator 6 for further gasification. The addition of hot fuel due to the optimization of the temperature regimes of carbon 5, which has the characteristics of coke, to the moisture multi-circuit circulation pyrolysis and denatured waste 2 provides an increase in the energy supply of the pyrolysis process without access to oxygen and the leakage of waste as raw materials for gasification and, accordingly, gasification with limited access to oxygen, with its stable combustion in the absence of oxygen, in this process, hot gasification is involved in the gasification process, which reduces the probability of carbon residue formation, and dioxins are involved in the pyrolysis process. A mixture of PGS 4 with a temperature of 600- is a generator gas with heavy resins and dioxy-800 C, which contains components of heavy fractions, sons, and at the output they receive liquid fuel of the lungs together with generator gas 8, which contains fractions, ash and mixed combustible synthesis -gas without heavy tar and partially dioxins, (flow M) of excess dioxins, which are further used to the first cooling circuit 9 with tempe- consumers in an environmentally safe mode. by 450 "S. At the same time, dioxins and heavy carbon