UA64092A - A method for the production of biogas and intermediate product for obtaining an ecologically pure fertilizer and a plant for realizing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for the production of biogas and intermediate product for obtaining an ecologically pure fertilizer involves reducing the solid inclusions of wastes, loading into the bioreactor, keeping humidity of wastes, loading a mixture of waste into the bioreactor, keeping physicochemical characteristics of the process in the bioreactor, separation of the mixture, returning the liquid fraction to the bioreactor, isolating the biogas of the foam, discharge of the fermented mixture. A liquid phase of feces being incorporated into the mixture, and the mixture of household wastes of vegetable and animal origin to fermentation being loaded into the battery of one-phase reactors in the continuous-discrete mode, keeping physicochemical characteristics of the process in each bioreactor, the biogas being cleaned of hydrogen sulphide, and the fermented mass being discharged. A plant for the production of biogas and intermediate product for obtaining an ecologically pure fertilizer contains bioreactor, biogas suction zone, loading zone, the apparatus for delivery of organic wastes to the bioreactor and their removing therefrom, hermetic cover ofthe bioreactor body with a system for biogas selection and cleaning, the apparatus for mixing the mixture in the bioreactor, the apparatus for drain-out of small particles and accompanying gases.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to methods of obtaining biogas and fertilizer during the processing of solid organic household waste.

Known patent of Ukraine Mo10868 "Method of anaerobic processing of agricultural waste into biogas", IPC

C 05 E 3/00, publication 12.29.99, Bull. Mo8, patent owner "ALTEK" Limited Liability Company,

Ltd.

This method includes crushing solid inclusions of organic waste to the size of Zmm, loading into a 70 bioreactor, maintaining the humidity of the waste submitted for processing by introducing liquid to its humidity not lower than 8695 at a temperature not lower than 26"C, loading the waste mixture into the bioreactor, maintaining physical and technical characteristics of the process in the bioreactor at a temperature not lower than 35"C, separation of the mixture containing biogas in the liquid fraction, from which the liquid fraction is returned to the bioreactor, and biogas is extracted from the remaining foam, discharge of the fermented mixture, which is an intermediate product for obtaining 72 environmentally friendly fertilizer. In this method, only agricultural waste is used, and for obtaining biogas, a wide range of solid organic household waste and liquid municipal waste (feces) is not taken into account. The use of a two-phase (two-stage) system: an acid tank and a methane tank leads to the complication of the fermentation process, the pumping of the mixture using electric pumps from the acid tank to the methane tank, firstly, does not ensure complete sealing, and secondly, it costs electricity, which is not always economical expedient

Known USSR patent Mo539519 "Installation for composting waste and sludge", IPC СОБ5Е9/02, publication 15.12.76, Byul. Mo46, the patent owner is a foreigner, Josef Richard Kälin (Switzerland).

This device contains a bioreactor in which there is a biogas suction zone, a loading zone located on the side surface of the bioreactor, an unloading zone, a device for feeding organic waste into the bioreactor and removing it from them. In this prototype plant, mainly solid, untreated waste and sludge are used. In the upper zone, a relatively weak pre-treatment takes place to stimulate the process of biological decomposition. In the middle zone, maximum biological activity takes place, characterized by a temperature of 75-85". Here, maximum air flows are necessary to ensure the process. In the lowest zone, weak processing takes place, since biological decomposition is already completed. Practically no liquid form of waste is used, for example, sewage (feces), which limits the possibilities of the installation to increase the production of biogas.

The task of this invention is "A method of producing biogas and an intermediate product for obtaining ecologically clean fertilizer and an installation for this" by using a mixture of solid organic waste with liquid "And city sewage (faeces) to obtain biogas when using for this purpose a battery of bioreactors of a special design, in which the physico-chemical process of fermentation takes place under conditions optimal for this type of waste, to ensure high-quality processing of a mixture of solid organic household waste with liquid urban sewage (faeces) in batteries of bioreactors that are interconnected by functioning systems, which makes it possible to depending on the volume of processed waste, create a plant of the required capacity. "

The essence of the invention is the method of production of biogas and an intermediate product for obtaining ecologically clean Z 50 fertilizer. The following is known. Includes grinding of solid waste inclusions to the size of Zmm. c Loading into the bioreactor. Maintaining the humidity of waste submitted for processing by introduction

From" liquid to its humidity not lower than 86905 and temperature not lower than 26"C. Loading the waste mixture into the bioreactor.

Maintenance of the physicochemical characteristics of the process in the bioreactor at a temperature not lower than 35"7C. Separation of the mixture containing biogas in the liquid fraction, from which the liquid fraction is returned to the bioreactor, and biogas is separated from the remaining foam. Discharge of the fermented mixture. The following is novelty. When maintaining the humidity of a mixture of household waste of vegetable and animal origin submitted for processing, "g" of the liquid phase of feces is introduced into the mixture until the humidity of the mixture 9095 is reached at a temperature of 457C. The maintenance of the physicochemical characteristics of the process is carried out at a temperature not lower than 45 "WITH. Loading waste from household waste of vegetable and animal origin for fermentation is carried out in a battery of single-phase bioreactors in (Te) 20 continuous-discrete mode through a collector. Maintenance of the physicochemical characteristics of the process in each bioreactor is carried out in the temperature range of 45-557C. When the mixture is separated in the form of a gas-liquid-carrier-foam system in the liquid fraction after separation from gas-liquid-carrier-foam, the biogas remaining after them is purified from hydrogen sulfide. Fermented mass is released in the form of an intermediate product for obtaining environmentally friendly fertilizer. 29 Technical result. When mixing crushed solid household organic waste with urban wastewater (faeces) brings the moisture content of the mixture to 9095, which in anaerobic fermentation has a moisture level at which the physicochemical characteristics of the process are ensured. For this purpose, the temperature of the mixture is maintained at 457°C. When the mixture is separated in the form of a gas - liquid - carrier - foam system in the liquid fraction after separation from the gas - liquid - carrier - foam system, the biogas left after them undergoes purification from hydrogen sulfide.

The essence of the invention of the installation is as follows. The following is known. Contains a bioreactor in which there is a biogas suction zone. The loading zone is located on the side surface of the bioreactor. Unloading area.

A device for feeding organic waste into the bioreactor and removing it. The following is a novelty. The housing cover of each bioreactor is hermetically installed and equipped with a system for the selection and purification of biogas. A device for mixing the mixture in a bioreactor, which has tiers of propellers, and the upper tier of propellers is equipped with a rock-destroying device in the form of a set of chain destroyers fixed at one end. A device for the selection and purification of biogas, which includes a biogas preparation device, a device for cleaning small particles and associated gases located between the skimmer and the biogas preparation device. The following is known.

Device for mixing the substrate in a bioreactor, patent of Ukraine Мо30928 А, MPK СО2Е11/04, 3/28, "Method of anaerobic fermentation of organic waste and installation for its implementation", publication 15.12.2000, Byul.

Mo7 2000, patent holder Kharkiv State Polytechnic University.

Technical result. The mixing device, equipped with a crust-destroying device in the form of a set of chain breakers, which makes it possible to eliminate the crust on the surface of the mixture, which is formed during the biochemical process, without additional devices, while stirring, accelerates anaerobic fermentation throughout the entire capacity of the bioreactor. Systems for the selection and purification of biogas in the system of batteries of bioreactors make it possible, depending on the volume of processed organic waste, to create systems of installations of a certain capacity, flexible in management and supply. The system of selection and purification from small particles and accompanying gases, which gives a high-quality output of biogas, increasing the content of methane in it.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings: Fig. 1 Scheme of the installation; Fig. 2. Technological diagram of bioreactor operation; Fig. 3. Bioreactor: general view.

The method consists of the following operations. Preparation of a mixture of shredded solid household waste with liquid urban sewage (feces) for fermentation. Loading of the prepared mixture with a moisture content of 9090 and heated to a temperature of 45"C. Fermentation of the mixture in a bioreactor at a temperature of up to 557C. Cleaning of biogas from small particles and associated gases. Selection of biogas from bioreactors through the gas pipeline system. Shipment of the liquid fraction of the fermented mixture in the form of an intermediate product to obtain environmentally friendly fertilizer.

The method is carried out as follows. Fig.1. Domestic solid organic shredded waste and city sewage (feces) enter the preparation node pos. 3z. 1, where Fig. 2 they are mixed in the vessel pos. 2, through the electric pump pos. 3. At the same time, the valve pos. 4 and the pipeline pos. 5 are heated by an electric boiler or a gas boiler М pos. b. Through the open valves of pos. 7, the prepared mixture enters the collector of pos. 8. Open latch po3z.9. makes it possible to fill the bioreactor pos. 10. on 2/3 of the volume. For an effective fermentation process in the bioreactor, a mixing device in the form of tiers of propellers, item 3z.11 with chain shredders item 12 is used. The capacity of the bioreactor body is heated using an electric boiler or a gas boiler according to 3z.13. To clean biogas from foam, use vessel item 14, where liquid from biogas is separated, and the collected liquid is returned through a pipe back to the bioreactor. Then the biogas is cleaned of small particles and hydrogen sulfide in the vessel pos. 15, passing through a soda solution, after which the biogas b" enters the biogas preparation device pos. 1b6, where the biogas undergoes gasification, after which it enters the collecting pipe of Fig. 1, pos. .17, then to the compressor section pos. 18 and to the transported gas pipeline pos. 19. Each bioreactor, after completion of the fermentation of the mixture, carries out the shipment of the liquid fraction of the fermented mixture in the form of an intermediate product for obtaining ecologically clean fertilizer through the valve pos. 20. A lifting and unloading device item 21 is used to operate the bioreactor.

Example. Used bioreactors with a capacity of 10,000m? are filled to 2/3 of the volume, i.e. 6666.7 m3, with a mixture with a moisture content of 90905. The composition of the mixture includes 99.395% of the liquid fraction of city sewage (feces), and 0.795% of crushed "solid organic household waste". The nature of the components of the mixture is taken as an example of city data

Kherson During 1.5-2 months at a temperature in the bioreactor up to 557C during anaerobic fermentation, about 186,648m of biogas and 6,500t of liquid intermediate product for obtaining ecological and clean fertilizer are formed from the mixture. "» The device is assembled. Fig. 3. The illustrated structure of the capacity of the bioreactor item 10, which consists of a heating jacket according to item 3z. 22, which is lined on the outside with a heat-sealing layer item 23, the jacket is heated by an electric boiler or a gas boiler according to item 3z. 13. The filling of the bioreactor is carried out through a valve pos. 9, and (o) discharge of the spent mixture - through the valve pos. 20. Inside the vessel there is a 1" mixing device pos. 24, consisting of tiers of propellers pos. 11 with chain breakers pos. 12 attached to the propeller at one end. Propellers fixed on the pivot axis po3.25, the lower part of which (c) is installed in the middle of the bottom of the vessel on the support-rotation bearing pos. 2b6, and the upper part so 50 is built into the unit for turning the axis po3z.27 with a hydraulic drive, installed in the lower part cover pos. 28 of the bioreactor. Above the cover, removable devices-vessels are installed, connected to each other by a bolted connection to) for separating liquid from biogas pos. 14, cleaning biogas from hydrogen sulfide item 15 and biogas preparation device item 16.

The device works like this. Include an electric boiler (or gas boiler) item 13 for heating the bioreactor item 10. Through the electric timer (not shown), four times a day, the mixing device item 24 is connected using the turning unit item 3.27, which allows biochemical processes in the reactor to proceed more efficiently. The prepared mixture is filled through the valve pos. 9, located in the upper side of the bioreactor, into the vessel by 2/3 of the volume. In the process of anaerobic fermentation, biogas is released, which undergoes purification from the liquid fraction in the device pos. 14, from small particles and hydrogen sulfide - in the device pos. 15 and undergoes 60 purification in the preparation device pos. 16. At the end of the biochemical processes, the processed mixture is shipped through the latch item 20. After that, the mixture processing cycle is repeated again.

Claims (2)

The formula of the invention b5 1. The method of production of biogas and an intermediate product for obtaining an environmentally friendly fertilizer, which includes crushing solid inclusions of waste up to a size of 3 mm, loading into a bioreactor, maintaining the humidity of waste submitted for processing by introducing liquid to a humidity of at least 86 95 at a temperature of no below 26"C, loading the waste mixture into the bioreactor, maintaining the physicochemical characteristics of the process in the bioreactor at a temperature not lower than 35"C, separating the mixture containing biogas in the liquid fraction, from which the liquid fraction is returned to the bioreactor, and from the foam, which is left, biogas is separated, discharge of the fermented mixture, which differs in that when maintaining the humidity of the mixture of household waste of plant and animal origin, which is submitted for processing, the liquid phase of feces is introduced into the mixture until the humidity of the mixture reaches 90 95 at a temperature of 45"C, maintenance physicochemical characteristics of the process are carried out at 7/0 at a temperature not lower than 45"C, loading the mixture with waste of vegetable and animal origin for fermentation is carried out in a battery of single-phase reactors in a continuous-discrete mode through a collector, maintenance of the physico-chemical characteristics of the process in each bioreactor is carried out in the temperature range of 45-557C, when the mixture is separated in the form of a gas - liquid - carrier system - foam in the liquid fraction after separation from the gas - liquid - carrier - foam system, the biogas remaining after them undergoes purification from 7/5 hydrogen sulfide, the fermented mass is released as an intermediate product for obtaining environmentally friendly fertilizer. 2. Installation for the production of biogas and an intermediate product for obtaining an environmentally friendly fertilizer, containing a bioreactor in which there is a biogas suction zone, a loading zone located on the side surface of the bioreactor, an unloading zone, a device for feeding organic waste into the bioreactor and removing it from it , which is distinguished by the fact that the cover of each bioreactor is hermetically installed and equipped with a system for the selection and purification of biogas, a device for mixing the mixture in the bioreactor, which has tiers of propellers, and the upper tier of propellers is equipped with a cork-destroying device in the form of a set of chain destroyers fixed at one end, a device for cleaning from small particles and associated gases, located between the skimmer and the biogas preparation device. « c to F «c) « (Se) - and? (o) sh" ("c) se) Ko) 60 b5