UA63724A - Vibration unloader of frozen bulk materials - Google Patents

Abstract

A vibration unloader of frozen bulk materials includes a three-dimensional frame with guides, inside which two plates are mounted with the possibility of vertical displacement. The upper plate is equipped with lateral rollers interacting with the guides of the three-dimensional frame, and an inertial vibration exciter is mounted on the lower plate and its center of gravity is displaced in the plan relative to the point of intersection of central inertia axes of plate, and it is balanced relative to the indicated point by an additional mass.

Description

Description of the invention

The invention relates to vibrating devices for loosening and unloading frozen bulk materials from railway half-cars.

A known vibrating shock unloader of frozen bulk materials, which includes a guide frame installed on the upper strap of a semi-wagon and a working body mounted in it with the possibility of vertical movement in the form of a plate with pins and a loading plate with a vibration exciter connected to it by means of shock absorbers and buffer elements, which is characterized by the fact that each pin is installed with the possibility of 70 movement in the vertical plane relative to the plate, equipped with a buffer for interaction with the lower plane of the loading plate and a buffer pad for interaction with the upper plane of the plate, while each pin is spring-loaded relative to the plate and equipped with an auxiliary buffer for interaction with the bottom plane of the plate (

A.s. USSR Mo 1359229, cl. At 05 o'clock 67/24. Application 16.06.86, Publ. Bul. Mo 46, 1987).

The disadvantage of the known vibration unloader is the complexity of the design and, as a result, the difficulty of adjusting 12 to the optimal operating mode when loosening and unloading various frozen bulk materials.

The closest in terms of technical essence and achievable result (prototype) is the vibratory unloader of frozen materials, which consists of a spatial frame installed on the sides of a semi-wagon, in the middle of which, moving along the guides, a pin working body connected through elastic shock absorbers and buffers to the milking machine placed above it plate, which has side legs with elastic gaskets and an imbalanced biharmonic vibration exciter of vertically directed action, connected through wedge belts to a spring-loaded electric motor (E.A. Logvynenko, V.D. Silych-Balgabaeva Industrial tests of a vibratory unloader of frozen materials // Scientific Bulletin of NGAU , 2002.- Mo1,.- P. 38-41).

In this design, the center of gravity of the directional vibration exciter, the finishing plate and the opener with pins in the plan are combined at the point of intersection of the mutually perpendicular central axes of inertia of the vibrating opener, which ensures the vertical penetration of the pins into the frozen processed material. "

However, as the pins move, the resistance of the material to their penetration increases due to the taper of the pins, which contributes to their jamming and causes the loosening process to stop. There is a need to periodically pull out the pins from the processed material and re-insert them into the array, which leads to an increase in the processing time of the material and a simultaneous increase in energy costs for the loosening process. Ha

In addition, the vibration-impact mode of operation of the opener, which is ensured by the placement of elastic buffers with a gap on the finisher plate and opener, on the one hand increases the probability of pins sinking into the mass of material, and on the other hand, the realized dynamic impact force does not fit into the permissible norms of unloading a semi-car, in addition to this, the installation of an electric drive motor on the finishing plate significantly reduces the resource

From the operation of the vibration loosener due to the impact of shock loads on the stator winding and bearing assemblies of the electric motor.

The basis of the invention is the task of improving the design of the vibration unloader of frozen bulk materials, in which, due to the selection of the ratio of the masses of the upper and lower plates, taking into account the stiffness of the "elastic connections, and providing the pins with simultaneous circular oscillations relative to the longitudinal and transverse central axes of inertia in the plan and vertical oscillations along an axis perpendicular to them, their jamming in the processed material is eliminated, the level of resistance of the material is reduced and, due to this, the energy consumption of the loosening process is reduced, the reliability of the device is increased, and the time for unloading frozen materials from the semi-car is shortened.

The task is solved by the fact that the vibratory unloader of frozen bulk materials, which includes a spatial frame with guides, inside which two b plates are installed with the possibility of vertical movement, connected to each other by elastic shock absorbers, the lower one of which is equipped with loosening pins, with an electric motor installed on the upper plate connected by a flexible transmission to the vibrator, according to the invention, the upper plate is equipped with side rollers that interact with the guides of the spatial frame, and the inertial vibrator is installed on the lower plate and its center of gravity is shifted relative to the point of intersection of 20 central axes of inertia of the plate in the plan , and balanced with respect to the specified point with an additional mass, while the masses of the plates satisfy the condition: и» mi M. where: Mu is the mass of the upper plate;

M" is the mass of the lower plate, and, in the case of installing a single-shaft vibration exciter, the longitudinal axis of its unbalance shaft in the v" plane is compatible with the longitudinal central axis of inertia of the plate, and when installing a two-shaft vibration exciter, its center of gravity is shifted relative to the longitudinal and transverse central axes of inertia slabs to the calculated value, and the shafts of the vibration exciter are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear oscillations of the vibration unloader along the vertical central axis of inertia with the help of gear transmission.

In the proposed design of the vibratory loosener, the upper plate M 3, which is used as a counterweight and the lower plate with loosening pins M", are connected to each other by "soft" elastic connections and provide a far-resonant mode of operation of the vibratory loosener, provided that Mu » M ". The estimated value of the displacement of the vibration exciter "e" is determined on the basis of the calculation of the deformation of the elastic connections during oscillations by a value of 65, which does not exceed the working amplitude of the vibrations of the loosening pins in the vertical direction.

In order to balance the system relative to the point of intersection of the central axes of inertia O, an additional mass is placed on the plate M 5. With the appropriate selection of the mass ratios Mi and Mo, taking into account the stiffness of "soft" elastic connections, the amount of transverse dynamic forces transmitted by the upper plate M "4 to the guides tends to a minimum. For the same reason, the installation of the electric motor on the upper plate of M. is essential

Reduces the dynamic load on it.

The given design ensures the implementation of circular oscillations relative to the longitudinal central axis of inertia, circular oscillations relative to the transverse central axis of inertia, as well as vertical oscillations along the axis of the loosening pins, which significantly reduces the level of resistance of the material when the pins are embedded and eliminates their jamming, which in general reduces the level of energy indicators device, and also shortens the time /o unloading of materials from semi-cars.

The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings, where - in fig. 1 shows the general view of the vibration reliever; - in fig. 2 section A-A fig. 1, when using a single vibration exciter; - in fig. From section A-A fig. 1 when using a two-shaft vibration exciter. The vibratory unloader consists of 7/5 of the spatial guide frame 1, which can be located on a trestle (portal) along the railway track and equipped with a load-lifting device or rest directly on the side walls of the semi-car 2. The upper plate Z (mass M 3) is installed in the guides of the spatial frame 1 with the possibility of vertical movement using, for example, rollers 4. The lower plate 5 (mass M") is equipped with loosening pins 6 located in its lower part and is connected to the upper plate C by means of elastic shock absorbers 7. An inertial vibration exciter is placed on the lower plate 5 8, and on the upper Z - an electric motor 9, which are connected to each other by a flexible transmission 10. For the optimal mode of operation of the vibrator, it is necessary that the mass of the upper plate Z (Mi) be the same or greater than the mass of the lower plate Mo". A single-shaft or two-shaft vibration exciter 8 can be installed on the vibration unloader. In the case of installation of a single-shaft vibration exciter (Fig. 2), it is necessary that the longitudinal axis of its unbalanced shaft 11 be aligned (in plan) with the longitudinal axis about the central axis of inertia 12 of the vibration unloader, and the center of gravity of the vibration exciter О and must be shifted relative to the transverse central axis of inertia 13 by the amount "e". To balance the system relative to the point of intersection of the central axes of inertia O, an additional mass 14 is installed on the lower plate Mo.

In the case of installing a two-shaft vibration exciter (Fig. 3), its center of gravity Oi is shifted relative to the longitudinal 12 and transverse 13 central axes of inertia of the plate by the calculated value "te" and balanced by additional "g" with masses 14 and 15, and shafts 16 and 17 with interconnected by gear 18, which provides possible rectilinear oscillations of the vibrator along the vertical central axis of inertia 19. c

The vibrator works in this way. uh-

After installation of the vibration unloader on the semi-car 2 and switching on the vibration exciter 8, the spatial oscillations of the lower plate M" are realized, and therefore of the loosening pins 6. At the same time, there is a gradual penetration of the pins into the frozen material, as a result of: "o - circular vibrations relative to the longitudinal central axis of inertia 12; - circular oscillations relative to the transverse central axis of inertia 13, due to the displacement of the vertical component of the amplitude of the force, which is generated by the vibration exciter at the distance "e" from the same axis; - vertical oscillations along the axis 19 of the loosening pins b under the influence of the vertical component of the amplitude of the force generated by the vibrator 9. c As a result of the spatial oscillations of the loosening pins 6, their penetration into the processed material occurs with "rocking" in the horizontal plane relative to mutually perpendicular axes 12 and 13. ;" The estimated value of the displacement of the vibration exciter 9 "e" is determined from the calculation of the deformation of the elastic connections during oscillations by an amount that does not exceed the working amplitude of the oscillations of the loosening pins b by

Vertically. At the same time, the amount of transverse dynamic forces transmitted by the upper mass З (M 4)

Ge" of the guide frame 1 tends to a minimum with the appropriate selection of the mass ratio M; and M", taking into account the stiffness of the "soft" elastic connections 7. Therefore, the installation of the electric motor 9 on the upper plate M 4 significantly reduces the transfer of dynamic load to it. -I The proposed design of the vibrating loosener significantly reduces the resistance level of the material when loosening pins penetrate it, eliminates their jamming in the processed material, reduces the level of energy and indicators of vibration loosening, shortens the time of unloading frozen materials from the semi-car. with"

Claims (3)

The formula of the invention 1. Vibro unloader of frozen bulk materials, which includes a spatial frame with guides, inside which two plates are installed with the possibility of vertical movement, connected to each other by elastic shock absorbers, the lower one of which is equipped with loosening pins, an electric motor installed on the upper plate and connected flexible transmission with a vibration exciter, which is characterized by the fact that the upper plate is equipped with side rollers that interact with the guides of the space frame, and the inertial vibration exciter is installed on the lower plate and its center of gravity in the plan is shifted relative to the point of intersection of the central axes of inertia of the plate, and is balanced relative to the specified points with additional mass, while the masses of the plates satisfy the condition: Mi2M»e; where: M is the mass of the upper plate; because M. is the mass of the lower plate. 2. The vibration unloader according to claim 1, which differs in that the vibration exciter is installed single-shaft, and the longitudinal axis of its unbalanced shaft in plan is compatible with the longitudinal axis of inertia of the plate. 3. Vibro unloader according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the vibrator exciter is installed with two shafts, while its center of gravity is shifted relative to the longitudinal and transverse central axes of inertia of the plate by the calculated amount, and the shafts of the vibrator exciter are mounted with the possibility of rectilinear oscillations of the vibration unloader along the vertical central axis of inertia using gear transmission. « « с и- (ze) (Se) - with . and? (o) (95) -I name) p» 60 b5