UA26664U - Machine for applying mineral fertilizers with centrifugal broadcasting working element - Google Patents

Abstract

A machine for applying mineral fertilizers comprises a frame with a device for connecting thereof with a mounting system of a tractor and whereon a tank made as a combination of a four-angle prism and two truncated pyramids arranged by a lesser base thereof downwards which are bottoms thereof equipped with regulating shutters for dosed fertilizer delivery is fixed. Under the tank scattering disks are arranged, those are kinematically connected to a rotary actuator mechanism, for example, a hydraulic motor or a pinion gear kinematically connected to a rear power take-off of the tractor. On each disk blades are fixed by two, each of which has the length corresponding to the diameter of the disk and consists of two functional parts, in particular of a accelerating one and a gripping one. The gripping part is arranged close to the centre of the disk and has in the plane a shape of a logarithmic spiral of a variable height increasing according to the length of a plate as it remotes from the centre of the disk, arranged vertically and has a bent of the upper edge in the direction of rotation of the disk. The boost parts of the blades are made with an incline varying according to length thereof from the vertical plane and increasing towards the periphery of the disk, and diametrically opposed blades on each of the disks have an opposite incline from the vertical plane.

Description

Description of the invention

The useful model refers to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular, to the working 2 bodies of mineral fertilizer spreaders, and can be used in machines for scattering solid mineral fertilizers or other loose substances and materials on the surface of the soil and for sowing seeds of agricultural crops by a spreading method.

A centrifugal machine for applying mineral fertilizers is known, which includes a frame, a dispenser, at least one disk with blades, equipped with a drive mechanism in a rotary motion, two devices for forming flows of 70 fertilizers and two directing them to the surface of the disk. The dispenser for forming the flow of fertilizers is made in the form of two oblong holes in the bottom of the hopper, the width of which changes as it moves away from the axis of rotation of the disk. A damper is installed above the dispenser, which is made in the form of two triangular plates of matching shape, fixed at one end to the hopper with a hinge and equipped with a lever mechanism for their rotation | see patent

Ukraine Mo51419 from class АО1С17/00 published on November 15, 2002 in Byul.Mo111. 12 The main disadvantage of this machine is that when regulating the dosage of fertilizers with flaps, not only the size, but also the shape of the oblong holes changes, and this causes uneven delivery of fertilizers to the disc according to its diameter, which, in turn, causes uneven application of fertilizers into the soil. That is, the known machine has an unimproved mechanism for regulating the size of the fertilizer flow.

This shortcoming is eliminated in a machine for spreading mineral fertilizers with a disc working body, which contains a hopper, made in the form of a combination of quadrangular prisms and a truncated pyramid, set with a smaller base downwards, which is its bottom, and a spreading disc equipped with a mechanism for driving it into a rotational movement, for example, a hydraulic motor. The hopper is equipped with a dispenser made in the form of four disks, which are mounted with the possibility of independent movement relative to each other and relative to the bottom of the hopper in the vertical plane. Each disk has one or two segmental holes, the size of which is regulated by angular rotation of the disks relative to the axis of their rotation. In this way, regulation of the fertilizer flow is carried out by changing the position of the discs in two directions: vertical and angular | see US patent Mo4609153 from the class АО1С17/00, 19/00 published on 02.09.86|.

The main disadvantage of this machine is the complexity of the design of the dosing device, which reduces the reliability of such a device, causes difficulty in regulating the flow of goods, and increases the cost of the dosing device. M

There is also a well-known Widden machine for applying mineral fertilizers, which contains a hopper, made in the form of a combination of quadrilateral prisms and a truncated pyramid, installed with a smaller base downwards, which is its bottom, and a dispersing disc equipped with a mechanism for driving it into a rotational movement, for example, a , hydraulic motor. The hopper is equipped with a dispenser made in the form of a disc with two segmental holes, which can be overlapped by a disc valve that has the same corresponding holes. To reduce the likelihood

Due to the impregnation of fertilizers between the dosing disk and the valve, it is equipped with a pressure spring. The holes in the dosing disc are quadrangular in shape with rectilinear sector edges and arcs along the diameter of the hole (see Great Britain patent Mo2114414 from class АО1С17/00 published on 08/24/83 1.

The main drawback of this machine is that due to the imperfection of the shape of the holes in the metering disk, "an uneven flow of fertilizers is formed within the scattering sector, especially at small doses of their introduction." With 70 The closest in essence and the effect that is achieved, and which is taken as a prototype, is a machine for applying mineral fertilizers with a centrifugal dispersing body, which includes a frame with a device for its

From" the connection with the hitching system of the tractor and on which the hopper is fixed, which is made in the form of a combination of a quadrangular prism and one or two truncated pyramids, installed with a smaller base downwards, which are its bottoms, equipped with regulating valves for dosed supply of fertilizers, and under which there are dispersing discs with vanes, which are kinematically connected to the mechanism that drives them into rotational motion, for example, a hydraulic motor or a gear transmission connected to the rear power take-off shaft

Gee! tractor, and the indicated flaps with dosing holes forming adjustable windows, in order to increase the uniformity of fertilizer distribution on the soil surface, have the side edges of the dosing windows in the form of a logarithmic b spiral with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing discs, while the edges

Gee! 20 of each dosing window are made of different curvature. See patent of Ukraine Mo2733 from the class АО1С17/00 published on 12/26/94. in Bul. Mo5-11.

T» The main drawback of this machine for applying mineral fertilizers is the instability of the fertilizer distribution parameters on the soil surface. This disadvantage is due to the fact that when adjusting the dose of mineral fertilizers, which is determined by the size of the dosing windows, the size of the angle of the spreading sector changes, since the position of the beginning and end of the spreading sector changes, i.e., the main parameter that determines the quality of fertilizer distribution by working width and width of capture.

The second disadvantage of this machine for applying mineral fertilizers is the difficulty of choosing the mode of soil fertilization, which depends on the size of the dosing windows, that is, the position of the regulating valve. The tractor operator changes the mode. Therefore, he should clearly indicate the angle of return of the flap. But this angle is difficult to measure and establish. The lack of elements for a clear (measurable) return and fixing of the flap in the selected state is a drawback of the known dosing body of the known machine.

The useful model is based on the task of stabilizing the parameters of fertilizer distribution regardless of the application dose by stabilizing the parameters of the spreading sector, in particular, its beginning and end, by changing the orientation of the edges of the dosing windows in the flaps. because the solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that in the machine for applying mineral fertilizers, which includes a frame with a device for its connection with the hitching system of the tractor and on which a hopper is fixed, which is made in the form of a combination of a quadrangular prism and one or two truncated pyramids, installed a smaller base to the bottom, which are its bottoms, equipped with regulating valves for metered supply of fertilizers, and under which there are dispersing discs with blades, which are kinematically connected to the mechanism for driving them into a rotational movement, for example, a hydraulic motor or a gear transmission connected to the rear selection shaft power of the tractor, and the specified flaps with dosing holes forming adjustable windows have the side edges of the dosing windows in the form of a logarithmic spiral with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing discs, while the edges of each dosing window are made of different curvature, according to the invention, dosing windows in the upper flap are limited from the ends edges and have the form of a logarithmic spiral with the direction of winding, opposite to the direction of rotation of the spreading disk, ensures the beginning and end of the formation of the fertilizer spreading sector with a spreading radius angle of 1809, in the direction that coincides with the trajectory of the absolute movement of fertilizers on the surface of the spreading disk, while all other the edges of the dosing windows coincide with the dosing holes in the lower flap, and also, on each of the two flaps, holes are made for fixing their angle of return.

The essence of the useful model is explained together with illustrative material, which depicts the following:

Fig. 1 - scheme of the proposed machine for applying mineral fertilizers, side view; the same, top view Fig. 3 - the design of the upper flap, plan view; Fig. 4 - construction of the lower flap, plan view.

The machine for applying mineral fertilizers contains a hopper 1 with a feeding device 2, non-return valves C and 4, which are located under the bottom of the hopper 1. Valves C and 4 have dosing holes that form adjustable windows 5, under which a spreading disk 6 with vanes 7 is installed. which is kinematically connected to the mechanism 8 of its drive in rotational motion.

The side edges 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the dosing windows 5 are made in the form of a logarithmic spiral with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing disk 6, while the edges 8, 9, 10 and 11 of each dosing window 5 are made of different curvature.

Dosing windows 5 in the upper flaps C are limited from the end edges 12 and 13 and have the form of a logarithmic c) spiral with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing disk 6. If the imaginary line of the logarithmic spiral is extended, it will end in the center of the upper flap 3. These end edges 12 and 13 of dosing windows 5, due to their specified limitation, ensure the beginning and end of the formation of sector "I

From fertilizer spreading with a spreading radius angle of 1802, in the direction that coincides with the trajectory of the absolute movement of fertilizers on the surface of the spreading disc 6. The specified spreading angle is optimal. If it does not reach 1802, then the width of the fertilizer application band will decrease. And if this angle is greater than 1802, then (Te) the uneven application of fertilizers will be observed at the edges of the strip, since it is these edges that undergo double application of fertilizers.

All other edges 14 and 15 of the dosing windows 5 coincide with the dosing windows 5 in the lower flap 4, as well as on

Each of the two flaps C and 4 has holes 16 and 17 for fixing their angle of return. Ge

Therefore, holes 16 on the upper flap C allow fixing the angle of change of the beginning and end of the fertilizer spreading sector, which is equal to 1802, and holes 17, together with hole 18 on the lower flap 4, allow fixing the size of the windows 5.

The further essence of the useful model is explained together with the principle of operation of the proposed machine for applying mineral fertilizers. Fertilizers from the hopper 1 with the help of the feeding device 2, through the dosing windows 5 in the upper flaps Z h with spiral side edges 8, 9, 10 and 11 are fed by two currents to the dispersing disc 6, which rotates and scatters mineral fertilizers on the soil surface .

If it is necessary to change the beginning and end of the fertilizer spreading sector, the angular position of the flap З is changed by turning it accordingly and fixing it in the new state through holes 16. If it is necessary to change the dose of fertilizer introduction, change the angular position of the lower flap 4 by turning it accordingly and fixing it in new about the state through holes 17 and 18.

Due to the fact that the side edges 8, 9, 10 and 11 of the dosing windows 5 are made in the form of a logarithmic spiral b" of different curvature, with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing disk 6, two

Fu 50 uniform in thickness stream of fertilizers, moving along the working surface of the latter, combine and form one solid, uniform in thickness fertilizer distribution sector with a distribution radius angle of 1809. in the direction that coincides with the trajectory of the absolute movement of fertilizers on the surface of the spreading disc 6, the value of the angle of the spreading sector does not change and is equal to 1809. 59 As a result, the uniformity of the distribution of fertilizers on the surface of the soil increases. c The essential difference of the claimed object from previously known ones is that in the machine for applying mineral fertilizers to the upper flaps З, the edges 12 and 13 of the dosing windows 5 are limited in the direction that coincides with the trajectory of the absolute movement of fertilizers along the surface of the dispersing disc 6, and the flaps C and 4 are provided with holes 16, 17 and 18 for fixing them in a given state. These differences, in aggregate, allow 60 to obtain an unchanged value of the angle of the spreading sector and to adhere to its size 1809, and in this way to stabilize the parameters of fertilizer distribution regardless of the dose of their introduction. None of the known machines for applying mineral fertilizers can have the specified properties, since the dosing windows of their shutters cannot stabilize the beginning and end of the spreading sector.

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the prototype, include the following:

- stabilization of fertilizer distribution parameters on the soil surface due to the appropriate limitation of the edges of the dosing windows on the upper flaps; - the convenience of adjusting the fertilizer delivery area on the disk, as well as adjusting the size of the dosing windows

Measurement of the presence of holes in the flaps for fixing their angle of return.

The social effect of the introduction of a useful model, in comparison with the use of a prototype, is obtained due to the uniformity of soil fertilization, which, in turn, allows to increase the yield of agricultural crops.

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention A machine for applying mineral fertilizers, which includes a frame with a device for connecting it to the hitching system of a tractor and on which a hopper is fixed, which is made in the form of a combination of a quadrangular prism and one or two truncated pyramids, installed with a smaller base downwards, which are its bottoms, equipped with regulating valves for metered supply of fertilizers, and under which are located scattering discs with blades, which are kinematically connected to the mechanism for driving them into a rotational movement, for example, a hydraulic motor or a gear transmission connected to the rear power take-off shaft of the tractor, and the indicated valves with dosing openings forming adjustable windows, have side edges of the dosing windows in the form of a logarithmic spiral with the winding direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the dispersing discs, while the edges of each dosing window are made of different curvature, which differs in that the dosing windows in the upper flap are limited from the end edges and have the shape of lo arithmetic spiral with the direction of winding, opposite to the direction of rotation of the spreading disk, which provides the beginning and end of the formation of the fertilizer spreading sector with a spreading radius angle of 1802, in the direction that coincides with the trajectory of the absolute movement of fertilizers p along the surface of the spreading disk, while all other edges of the dosing windows coincide with the dosing holes in the lower flap, and each of the two flaps has holes for fixing their angle of return. shi « (Se) (Se) (Se) p - and? name) (o) (o) (o) c» 60 b5