UA159970U - Krasnodar-type rice map with sprinklers on the checks - Google Patents

Abstract

Krasnodar-type rice map with sprinklers on the checks consists of a distribution irrigation canal, map irrigator, outlet structure, map drainage and discharge canals, main discharge canal. On rice checks, shallow sprinklers are arranged along their two sides, which are connected on one side through a water outlet structure to the map sprinkler, and on the opposite side - through a discharge structure to the map drainage and discharge canal.

Description

The utility model belongs to the field of rice cultivation and can be used in the construction and reconstruction of rice irrigation systems.

A widely known design is a wide-front map-check, which consists of an irrigation and drainage-discharge network, hydraulic structures and map-checks. The irrigation network includes a distribution channel, a one-way or two-way irrigator-discharge. The function of supplying and draining water to and from the map-check is performed by the same channel - the irrigator-discharge, which is made in an earthen channel with a depth of 0.7-1.0 m. The irrigator-discharge also plays a partial draining role. Such an irrigation map is not divided into separate checks, but is one or two checks with an area of 10-25 hectares each. Water from the higher-order distributor through the water outlet structure is fed into the irrigator-discharge, and then through an unbanked edge is fed along its entire length to the surface of the check. The irrigator-discharge also ends with a water outlet. If it is closed, the channel works as an irrigator, if it is open, as a dehumidifier.

The drainage function on check maps is performed by map drainage channels, which are made in a recess in the earthen channel, but do not drain surface water from the check.

The disadvantage of check maps is the need to perform large volumes of planning work when constructing rice systems with such maps, as there is a need to plan the entire check map under one mark, the area of which can be 10 hectares or more, and the long duration of flooding and emptying of such checks.

The closest in design and parameters are the Krasnodar-type maps, which contain an irrigation and drainage network in the form of open channels, usually in an earthen channel, hydraulic structures and devices, as well as irrigation checks of different areas and different altitudes. The irrigation network serves to supply irrigation water to the checks and consists of a distribution irrigation channel, a map irrigator of one- or two-way command made in an embankment or in reinforced concrete trays, and water outlet structures. The drainage network is designed to divert drainage and waste water outside the rice system, ensuring the drainage rate outside the growing season at the required level, which eliminates secondary salinization of soils and creates a washing water regime and favorable conditions for the development of rice and related crops of rice crop rotation. The drainage network includes the main discharge channel, double-sided drainage and discharge channels, and water-regulating structures. The disadvantages of such maps are the complexity of water regime management, the long period of their filling and discharge of water, the difference in water levels in adjacent checks, which leads to flooding of checks located below and worsens the ecological and reclamation regime on them. In addition, on these maps it is not possible to achieve water discharge from the entire area when carrying out technological discharges, and there is also uneven drying of their surface before harvesting. Along the card irrigator, drying occurs quite slowly, in addition, soil salinization is observed along this channel, which negatively affects the yield of rice and related crops.

The utility model is aimed at improving the management of the water regime of rice fields, namely ensuring rapid flooding of the fields and complete discharge of water from their entire area, uniform drying, and prevention of flooding from the side of the field irrigator.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a Krasnodar-type rice paddy with discharge irrigators on the checks, which consists of a distribution irrigation canal, a card irrigator, a water outlet structure, card drainage and discharge channels, and a main discharge channel, according to the utility model, shallow discharge irrigators are arranged on the rice pads along their two sides, which are connected on one side through a water outlet structure to the card irrigator, and on the opposite side through a discharge structure to the card drainage and discharge channel.

Thanks to the installation of shallow (up to 0.4...0.5 m) discharge irrigators on the rice paddy fields, their flooding occurs quickly and evenly over the area, complete emptying during technological water discharges, quick and uniform drainage, and interception of the filtration flow from the paddy field side, which leads to waterlogging and salinization of a strip up to 15 m wide along this channel.

Fig. 1 shows a structural diagram of a Krasnodar-type irrigation map with discharge sprinklers on rice fields, Fig. 2 shows a cross-section along 1-1.

The Krasnodar-type rice map with discharge irrigators on the checks includes: distribution irrigation canal 1, discharge irrigator 2, water outlet structure C from the distribution canal to the discharge irrigator, discharge irrigator 4, main discharge canal 5, regulating structure 6, discharge irrigator 7, water outlet 8 from the discharge irrigator to the discharge irrigator, discharge structure 9 from the discharge irrigator to the discharge irrigator,

a rice paddy 10 to create and retain a certain layer of water on it, surrounded on both sides by an earthen mound 11.

The principle of operation of the constructive scheme of the Krasnodar type rice paddy with discharge irrigators on the checks is as follows: when growing flooded rice, water from the distribution irrigation canal 1 is supplied through the water outlet structure C from the distribution canal to the card irrigator 2, from which through the water outlet 8 from the card irrigator to the discharge irrigator it is supplied to the check irrigator-discharge 7, from which, overflowing through the edge, it enters the surface of the check 10. In this case, the regulating structures 6 and the discharge structures 9 from the discharge irrigators to the card drainage-discharge channel are closed during the period of maintaining the water layer on the cards-checks. The water outlets 8 from the card irrigator to the discharge irrigators are open until the required technological water levels are established on the surface of the rice checks 10. After the necessary water layer is created on each of the checks, the structures 8 are closed. In cases where it is necessary to carry out technological discharges of water from the checks during the growing season and after the end of the irrigation season and for quick discharge of water and uniform drying of the checks to ensure mechanized harvesting of rice, the regulating structures b and discharge structures 9 from the discharge irrigator to the card drainage and discharge channel 4 are opened and the checks 10 are emptied and gradually dry out. The discharge irrigator 7 in this case accelerates the discharge of water from the entire check area, works for a certain time as a shallow drain, ensures the interception of filtration waters from the card irrigator 2 and, thereby, prevents flooding and salinization of part of the checks, ensures quick and uniform drainage of both the checks and the rice card as a whole, the main discharge channel 5 serves as a water receiver.

The installation of discharge sprinklers on the checks contributes to the prompt discharge of water from the checks, ensures a more intensive and uniform autumn drying of the checks and maintenance of mineralized groundwater at the optimal depth during the inter-vegetation period, which allows for the creation of an optimal water-air and salt regime of the soil on each of the checks practically across the area of all checks. Thanks to this, it is possible to harvest rice in shorter and earlier terms, to obtain a higher yield of rice and other crops of crop rotation.

Sources of information: about 1. V.B. Zaitsev. Rice irrigation system: Book. - M.: "Kolos", 1975. - 352 p. (p. 225-259). 2. Patent for utility model Mo 36395, "Irrigation card-check with intra-card drainage in rice systems", EO2V 13/00, Bull. Mo 20, 2008.

Claims (1)

UTILITY MODEL FORMULA Krasnodar-type rice paddy with discharge irrigators on the ridges, consisting of a distribution irrigation canal, a ridge irrigator, a water outlet structure, ridge drainage and discharge channels, and a main discharge channel, which is characterized in that shallow discharge irrigators are arranged on the ridges along their two sides, which are connected on one side through a water outlet structure to the ridge irrigator, and on the opposite side through a discharge structure to the ridge drainage and discharge channel.