UA122656U - FLEXIBLE FLOW TECHNOLOGICAL LINE FOR TREATMENT OF FORESTRY AND PROCESSING OF VEGETABLE AND VEGETABLE WASTE IN SOLID BIOFUEL - Google Patents

Abstract

Flexible production line for clearing and processing of plant and wood waste into solid biofuel contains installed in the course of the technological process and related means of clearing, transportation of raw materials, a mixer of raw materials with a binder, the associated screw conveyor device for forming briquettes, which is connected to a tubular element mounted along the line, a cylindrical thermal insulation chamber for heat treatment of formed briquettes with inlet and outlet openings for connection pipelines located respectively at the lower and upper portions thereof, as well as the recuperator connected to the above-mentioned chamber, the table for receiving and packing briquettes and the means of production of firewood. The linear microwave unit is equipped with wave-type sections and slow-motion systems in series. As a second electrodynamic microwave system, a two-periodic design of the deceleration system, folded into a cylinder, is used. The output of the waste storage module is made in the form of guides, which are interconnected with the formation of a closed container with an output window located in a horizontal plane along the width of the grasp of the receiving window press.

Description

The proposed useful model belongs to the clearing of forest cuttings and the processing of plant and wood waste into fuel briquettes and firewood for industry and domestic needs, for example, in boiler houses of any capacity, as well as in households with solid fuel boilers of a closed type and a chimney system of direct output.

The closest in terms of technical essence is the method of obtaining and using fuel blanks from wood |(|1)Y, which includes collecting wood waste, packaging, compaction, forming and knitting. Bundles or rolls of a certain size are transported to places of use, where they are burned without additional processing.

The disadvantage of the known method of obtaining and using fuel blanks from wood is the low productivity of collecting wood waste, as well as the low efficiency of using fuel blanks.

A well-known installation for the production of briquettes from plant waste (2). It contains a housing with a loading hopper, a conical chamber with a pressing device that narrows in the direction of the outlet channel, a forming sleeve, a thermal chamber and a mechanism for dividing into measuring segments. Two mirror-mounted drive screws are fixed on the walls of the loading hopper. The pressing device (screw) is made with a variable cross-section diameter, which decreases towards the outlet channel, and ends with a detachable part. The heat treatment chamber is installed coaxially with the outlet channel and the conical chamber to its middle part and contains several annular heating elements. The mechanism for dividing into measuring segments is installed at the outlet of the exhaust channel and is made in the form of a limiter installed on the guide, which is fixed at the outlet of the exhaust channel.

The disadvantage of this installation is its significant energy consumption. The requirements for the moisture content of the raw materials used for the production of briquettes are quite high (4-12 95); in most cases, this requires preliminary drying of raw materials. In addition, the use of several ring heaters with a capacity of 2 kW for heat treatment of briquettes and the presence of two screws with autonomous drives in the loading hopper lead to additional energy consumption.

The disadvantage of this installation is also the fact that it often requires replacement of the rapidly wearing forming sleeve and the replaceable part of the auger, which are subjected to high pressure (100-200 MPa) and high temperature (up to 350 "С) during the briquette formation process.

Also known is the installation for the production of fuel briquettes (3), which contains a preparation chamber blown by gas heated to a temperature of 300-500 "С, with an auger installed in it, which is connected to a loading hopper. A dosing auger is placed inside the latter. The loading hopper is connected to a cylindrical-conical body, which houses a bearing unit, a shaft on which a pressing screw is fixed.

The disadvantage of this installation is its high energy consumption, which is caused by the presence of a preparation chamber that is blown by gas heated to a high temperature. In addition to the pressing two-way auger, the installation is equipped with two more augers, which increases its energy efficiency.

The disadvantage of this installation is also that it is impossible to obtain fuel briquettes of a stable shape with its help: in the process of pressing along the cylindrical part of the body, individual fragments of raw materials only stick together and intertwine. In the future, such a fuel briquette is easily destroyed during transportation, loading and storage.

The line for the production of fuel briquettes (4) is the closest in essence to the proposed one, which contains a raw material mixer with a binder, a device for forming briquettes connected to it by a screw conveyor, installed during the course of the technological process and connected to each other by means of transportation. which is connected to a tubular element installed along the line, a cylindrical heat-insulating chamber for heat treatment of formed briquettes with inlet and outlet openings for connecting pipelines located in its lower and upper parts, respectively, as well as a recuperator connected to the above-mentioned chamber, a table for receiving and packing briquettes. In addition, the line is equipped with a cooler installed after the heat treatment chamber, which contains a sequentially installed vacuum cleaner and a pacifier with a rarefaction system, each of which has its own pump; thermal chamber for drying briquettes connected to the heat supply pipeline. With the help of a screw conveyor, the mixture formed in the mixer is lifted to the device for forming briquettes; the latter is made in the form of a bunker with a power hydraulic installation and a pressing sleeve. The heat treatment chamber of the formed briquettes is connected to a heat generator designed to burn mainly produced fuel briquettes. The tubular element is installed inside the heat treatment chamber covered with a protective casing, on the inner surface of which a heat insulator is fixed.

The disadvantage of this line for the production of fuel briquettes is its complexity. Indeed, the well-known line is equipped with a hopper with a power hydraulic installation with a pressing sleeve for pressing portions of raw materials into a tubular element; two thermal chambers, a vacuum cleaner and a tranquilizer. In the first thermal chamber, the briquettes are treated with hot air, the temperature of which is close to 450 "C. As a result, a layer of carbon is formed on the surface of the briquette, and inside, closer to the center, there is hydrated biomass. After the first thermal chamber, the briquettes are cooled due to the evaporation of water in the vacuum, and further - in the pacifier, each of which is equipped with a pump.

Next, the briquettes need final drying in the second thermal chamber. Thus, the famous line differs in its complexity.

The basis of the useful model is the task of improving the method of obtaining solid fuel from plant and wood waste when clearing forest cuts by introducing the operations of grinding and pressing wood waste, cutting the trunk and splitting logs into firewood, which allows to increase the productivity of collection and the efficiency of waste use.

The set task is solved by the fact that the flexible flow technological line for clearing woodcuts and processing plant and wood waste into solid biofuel contains means of clearing woodcuts, transportation of raw materials, mixer of raw materials with binder, a device for forming briquettes connected to it by a screw conveyor, which is connected to a tubular element installed along the line, a cylindrical heat-insulating chamber for heat treatment of formed briquettes with inlet and outlet openings for connecting pipelines located, respectively, in its lower and upper parts, as well as a recuperator connected with the above-mentioned chamber, a table for receiving and packing briquettes and means of firewood production, according to a useful model, a linear microwave unit is equipped with series-connected sections of the waveguide type and retarding systems, as the second electrodynamic system of microwaves, a two-dimensional periodic structure of retarders is used of the system, folded into a cylinder, the output from the waste storage module is made in the form of guides, which are connected to each other to form a closed container with an output window located in a horizontal plane along the width of the receiving window of the press.

The proposed flexible flow processing line for clearing forest cuts, processing non-liquid wood into solid biofuel consists of the front and rear articulated parts of the running frame on which the cab is mounted, an engine with gas and electric generators, a rotary manipulator with a grab and a body in the form of a waste storage container.

The machine is equipped with a rotary traction winch with a cable up to 100 m long and checkers.

The front part of the running frame is equipped with outriggers.

The rotary traction winch is placed on a rotary platform, and the rotary manipulator has a rotary stand. The power take-off shaft and three-point linkage are mounted on the rear of the chassis. A line for the production of firewood and a line for the production of briquettes are mounted on the frame, which is hung on a three-point hitch scheme. Conveyors for the flow of plant and wood waste are installed on one and the other side of the running frame. The line for the production of firewood consists of a module for transverse cutting of wood and a module for splitting wood.

The module for cross-cutting wood consists of a saw blade, a feed frame with a tray for a trunk of non-liquid wood and guides. The wood splitting module consists of a hydraulic cylinder, a slider and a knife.

The line for the production of briquettes consists of a raw material grinding module, a waste storage module and a pressing module in a line for the production of fuel briquettes, which contains a raw material mixer with a binder connected to it, installed during the technological process and connected to each other by means of transportation by a screw conveyor, a device for forming briquettes, which is connected to a tubular element installed along the line, a cylindrical heat-insulating chamber for heat treatment of formed briquettes with inlet and outlet openings for connecting pipelines located, respectively, in its lower and upper parts, as well as a recuperator connected to the above-mentioned chamber , a table for receiving and packing briquettes, according to a useful model, the mixer is equipped with a moisture meter and a water sprayer connected to it, as well as a valve at its outlet, and is placed above the cylindrical chamber of the screw conveyor, the shaft of which is fixed in bearings, the device for forming briquettes is made in vyg on the side of the forming head with a conical opening that tapers towards the tubular element and is fixed on the outer surface of the screw conveyor chamber near its free end, the heat treatment chamber of formed briquettes is a linear microwave unit that contains a conductive metal working chamber with microwaves placed along it - generators. The microwave unit consists of sequentially connected sections of the waveguide type and retarding systems, which provide a superposition of the temperature distribution along the cross-section of the materials, which meets the requirements of the technological process.

The proposed method provides uniform heating in the entire volume and relieves internal thermal stresses during the polymerization reaction. Volumetric nature of heating leads to the completeness of the polymerization reaction and high strength characteristics of the obtained briquettes.

The ends of the chamber have inlet and outlet holes for the passage of briquettes, and in the inlet hole a tubular element is hermetically fixed, which is placed in the lower part of the working chamber, and above the outlet hole on its outer surface a movable valve preventing the leakage of microwave energy is fixed, the heat insulator is fixed on the outer the surface of the working chamber, in addition, the recuperator is connected to pipelines that are connected to the working chamber through external tubes, fixed in the inlet and outlet holes for connecting pipelines, inside the pipeline connected to the outlet hole, a content control sensor is installed vapors in the air, while a mechanism for dividing briquettes into measured segments is additionally introduced into the line, which is installed behind the exit opening for the passage of briquettes in front of the table for receiving and packing briquettes.

Due to the fact that the mixer is equipped with a hygrometer and a water sprayer connected to it, as well as a valve at its outlet, control and regulation of the humidity of raw materials with a binder in the range of 15-20 95 is ensured in order for the forming and drying process to take place most efficiently fuel briquettes (5). Placement of the mixer above the cylindrical chamber of the screw conveyor, the shaft of which is fixed in bearings, contributes to the fact that the raw material falls to the chamber by self-shifting, which simplifies the construction of the line. The screw conveyor and the device connected to it for forming briquettes, made in the form of a forming head with a conical opening, which narrows towards the tubular element, and is fixed on the outer surface of the chamber of the screw conveyor, as well as the location of the tubular element along the line and its connection with a forming head provides simple formation of fuel briquettes.

Due to the fact that the heat treatment chamber of the formed briquettes is a microwave oven with the above structural features, uniform drying of the fuel briquettes along their thickness is ensured. Indeed, the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field penetrates deep layers

From briquettes that are drained; moisture, which is contained in sufficient quantity in the briquette material and has a high reactive component of the dielectric constant, absorbs electromagnetic energy and converts it into heat. A higher pressure of water vapor is formed inside the briquette, and its drying is carried out from the inside out. The distribution of temperature over the volume of the briquette is uniform in nature, and this ensures its uniform drying. Forced circulation of warm air and removal of steam from the working chamber is carried out with the help of a recuperator, which is connected to the inlet and outlet openings for connecting pipelines. And the sensor for monitoring the steam content, located inside the pipeline, which is connected to the outlet, makes it possible to determine the end of the briquette drying cycle. To prevent the leakage of microwave energy into the surrounding space through the inlet and outlet holes for passing briquettes, a tubular element is hermetically fixed in the inlet hole, which is located in the lower part of the working chamber (the inlet hole is always closed by a briquette during the operation of microwave energy generators); the outlet during briquette drying is closed by a safety valve. In addition, the pipelines that connect the recuperator with the working chamber are connected using external tubes. To prevent the leakage of thermal energy outside the working chamber, a heat insulator is fixed on its outer surface.

The proposed flexible flow process line for clearing forest cuts, processing plant and wood waste into solid biofuel is explained by drawings. It consists (Fig. 1) of the front 1 and rear 2 articulated parts of the running frame 3, on which the cabin 4, the engine 5 with gas and electric generators 6, the rotary manipulator 7 with the grab 8 and the body in the form of a container 9U for storing waste 10 are mounted. The machine is equipped with a rotary traction winch 11 with a cable 12 up to 100 m long and checkers 13, the front part of the running frame is equipped with outriggers 14.

The rotary traction winch 11 is placed on the rotary platform 15, and the rotary manipulator 7 has a rotary base 16. The power take-off shaft 17 (Fig. 2) and the three-point linkage scheme 18 are mounted on the rear part 2 of the running frame 3. On the frame 19, which is hinged on the three-point scheme the line for the production of firewood I and the line for the production of briquettes II are mounted on the hinges. Conveyors 20 and 21 for flows of plant and wood waste are installed on one and on the other side of the running frame. Cleaning of forest cuts from debris of fallen trees is carried out as follows. A worker equipped with a mechanized sawing tool is used to work on a wind-snow clearing forest. The roller fixes the fallen tree with a cable 12 and gives a command to the operator of the flexible line. The operator turns on the drive of the winch 11, which pulls the tree to the site for tree development. After the development of the tree, the trunk part of the tree 25 is sent to the conveyor of the firewood production line 20, and the branches 31 (raw material) of fallen leaves, straw, ears and trunks of corn and the second biomass are fed to the conveyor of the briquette production line 21.

The line for the production of briquettes consists of a bio-raw material grinding module M, a waste storage module MI and a pressing module MI.

The line for the production of firewood (Fig. 2) consists of a module for transverse cutting of wood ЯИЙ (Fig. 3) and a module for splitting wood IM (Fig. 4).

The module for transverse cutting of wood (Fig. 2) is driven by the power take-off shaft 17 and consists (Fig. 3) of a saw blade 22, a feed frame 23 with a tray 24 for the trunk of non-liquid wood 25 and guides 26. The module for splitting wood (Fig. . 4) consists of a hydraulic cylinder 27, a slider 28, and a knife 29. The saw disc 22 cuts off the log 30, which falls along the guides 26 and stands between the slider 28 (Fig. 4) and the knife 29. When oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder 27, the slider 28 pushes the log 30 on a knife 29 and splits it into firewood.

The route for making briquettes (Fig. 2) from biomass 31 is as follows. The raw material 31 on the conveyor 21 enters the milling module U, where the shredder 32 produces chips. Chips are fed into the MI waste storage module (chips, polyethylene, skin dust) - container 34, then into the pressing module 35, where briquettes are formed. Chips, polyethylene and skin dust are moved by conveyors 33.

The exit from the waste storage module (Fig. 5) is made in the form of guides 36, which are interconnected to form a closed container with an exit window located in a horizontal plane along the width of the receiving window of the press. The line for the production of fuel briquettes (Fig. 6) contains a mixer 37 of raw materials with a binder, for example, a blade type, equipped with a hygrometer 38 with a triac output, which is connected to a sprayer 39 of water, as well as a valve 40 at its output. The mixer 37 is placed above the cylindrical chamber 41 of the screw conveyor 42, the shaft 43 of which is fixed in bearings 44 and connected to the autonomous drive 45 of the conveyor. On the outer surface of the chamber 41 of the screw conveyor 42 near its free end, a forming head 46 with a conical opening is fixed

From 47, which narrows towards the tubular element 48. The latter is located along the line and serves to move the formed briquettes from the forming head 46 to the briquette heat treatment chamber 49, which is a piecewise linear microwave unit (in Fig. 6, it is highlighted by a dotted line) . Microwave generators 51 are placed along the working chamber 50. The microwave unit consists of sequentially connected sections of the waveguide type and retarding systems, which provide a superposition of the temperature distribution along the cross-section of the materials, which meets the requirements of the technological process.

For uniform and effective heating, it is necessary to use a two-dimensional periodic structure of a decelerating system folded into a cylinder as a second electrodynamic system.

The proposed method provides uniform heating in the entire volume and relieves internal thermal stresses during the polymerization reaction. Volumetric nature of heating leads to the completeness of the polymerization reaction and high strength characteristics of the obtained products.

The ends of the chamber have inlet and outlet holes 52 and 53, respectively, for passing the briquette mass. A tubular element 48 is hermetically fixed in the opening 52. A Teflon pipe 54 with longitudinal sections is connected to the inlet and outlet openings 52 and 53, respectively.

Above the output hole 53 from the outer surface of the working chamber 50, a movable valve preventing leakage of microwave energy is fixed 55. In addition, the working chamber 50 in its lower and upper parts has input and output holes 56 and 57, respectively, for connecting pipelines. External pipes 58 are installed in the above-mentioned holes. The recuperator 59 is connected to the inlet and outlet holes 56 and 57 through pipes 58 with the help of pipelines 60 and 61.

Inside the pipeline 61, a sensor 62 is installed to control the content of steam in the air. To prevent the leakage of thermal energy outside the working chamber 50, a heat insulator 63, for example, of the "Wiredmat" type with a thickness of 50 mm, is fixed on its outer surface. A mechanism 64 for dividing the briquettes into measured segments is installed behind the outlet opening 53 for passing the briquettes, and behind it - a table 65 for receiving and packing the briquettes.

The production line of fuel briquettes works as follows.

Waste of plant origin (branches, fallen leaves, wood shavings, wood sawdust, straw, wood trimmings and tree bark, husks obtained during the crushing of sunflower seeds, corn cobs and stems, reeds, etc. or their mixture) is pre-shredded to a fraction of 3-6 mm , which represent asynchronous streams. Shredded raw materials with a moisture content of no more than 60 20 95 are fed into the mixer 37, and the binder (shredded polyethylene waste and leather dust) is also fed there with the following ratio of components, wt.9o: raw materials of plant origin - 80, binder - 20 (shredded polyethylene - 18, leather dust - 2). The components are mixed for 20 minutes until the binder particles of the raw material are evenly distributed over the surface.

At the same time, moisture meter 38 monitors the moisture content of the mixture; if it is lower than 15 95, the output signal from the triac output of the hygrometer 38 turns on the water sprayer 39, which works until the moisture content of the mixture is not lower than the set value, which is sufficient for the efficient further formation and heat treatment of the briquettes. After that, the drive 45 of the screw conveyor 42 is turned on and the latch 40 is pushed back. The self-shifting mixture enters the cylindrical chamber 41 of the screw conveyor 42 and is pressed.

Bearings 44, in which the shaft 43 is fixed, compensate for the radial and thrust loads that occur when the screw rotates. When the mixture moves along the chamber 41, it is compacted, pressed, reduced in volume and pushed through the conical opening 47 of the forming head 46 into the tubular element 48 and the Teflon tube 54. Through the Teflon tube 54, the ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field penetrates into the deep layers of the briquette mass, and moisture, which is contained in a sufficient amount inside the briquette and has a high reactive component of the dielectric constant, absorbs electromagnetic energy and converts it into heat. Under the influence of high temperature inside the briquette, the crushed polyethylene melts and spreads, uniformly binding the plant material fractions. The moisture that evaporates through the longitudinal sections of the Teflon pipe 54 is removed from the working chamber 50 using the recuperator 59; warm air with water vapor through the pipeline 61 enters the recuperator 59, in which the steam condenses and heats the air in the coil of the recuperator 59. Through the pipeline 60, the heated air is fed into the working chamber 50, and the heat insulator 63 prevents the leakage of thermal energy outside the working chamber 50, which helps speed up the drying process. Inside the pipeline 61, there is a sensor 62 for monitoring the vapor content in the air.

The recuperator 59 is switched to the cold air circulation mode to cool the briquette at the exit of the biomass flow from the chamber. The briquette through the outlet 53, moving the movable valve 55, is pushed onto the mechanism 64 for dividing the briquettes into measured segments. Mechanism 64 divides the cigar-shaped briquette into equal parts, which are then cooled and packaged.

The proposed flexible flow technology of a simple modular design can be

Zo is the basis for the creation of promising enterprises of a new generation with the production of briquettes of increased moisture resistance with a heat capacity of 4000-4500 kcal/kg and a density of 1.3 kg/dmu and firewood.

Sources of information: 1. The method of obtaining and using wood fuel blanks and the device for its implementation: Patent for the invention, KO, Mo 2267257, IPC AOTOo 23/00 В65В 13/20 В27М 3/22 (Russian Federation), Method A.M. MO 123997/12; Application 09/03/2001; Publ. 10.01.2006,

Bul. Mo 7. 2. The method of obtaining briquettes and the installation for making briquettes: Patent for the invention, KO, Mo 2364617, С10 І 5/00 (Russian Federation), Pishechkin A.N., Konyashin

S.V. MO 107785/04; Application 01.03.2007; Publ. 10.09.2008, Bull. Mo 8. 3. Installation for obtaining fuel briquettes: Declaration patent for a utility model,

OA, Mo 8251, MPK VZOV 11/22, C 101 5/40, (Ukraine), Kirichenko O.M. Application 25.02.2005; Publ. 15.07. 2005, Bull. Mo 7. 4. Production line of fuel briquettes: Declaration patent for utility model, OA, Mo 64567, IPC C10I. 5/40, (Ukraine), Zhigalov O.A. Application 04/19/2011; Publ. 10.11.2011, Bull. Mo 21. 5. Mmenokhoev I. Microwave heating technology: potential and limits, 2012, - P. 4-6. Access mode: mlum.Lppi-dnpi-pegt.ae.

Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA A flexible flow process line for the clearing of wood logs and the processing of plant and wood waste into solid biofuel, containing 55 interconnected means of wood log clearing, raw material transportation, a mixer of raw materials with a binder, connected to it by a screw conveyor, a device for forming briquettes, which is connected to a tubular element installed along the line, a cylindrical heat-insulating chamber for heat treatment of formed briquettes with inlet and outlet holes for connecting pipelines located, respectively, in its lower and upper parts, as well as a recuperator, because combined with the above-mentioned chamber, a table for receiving and packing briquettes and means of firewood production, which is distinguished by the fact that the linear microwave unit is equipped with sequentially connected sections of the waveguide type and retarding systems, as the second electrodynamic system of the microwave, a two-dimensional periodic design of the retarding system is used of the subject, folded into a cylinder, the output from the waste storage module is made in the form of guides, which are connected to each other to form a closed container with an output window located in a horizontal plane along the width of the receiving window of the press. Koch stok Name for Ke hischkofichyan "chani vk TE and es Her ZE NIK ach khh that I av u M SHE. ZSH SHY KA dennia Shan uzi Lv c) Er o chi sho E Es tenet ni vi, -E do ben renny nn ny nicknames: oxygen Fig. 1 st КZ pe PINY! November 7, we pray for the house of sleep, inn, hundred and more Fig. 2 24 ee z i i Uh a zo ID, ky. In ho: for mn Vk Y i r 5 chu Me Fig. With I with ! UUkh and shah TIK In her shk Ya Fig. 4