UA120845U - APPLICATION OF A MIXTURE OF CAOLIN AND ALUNIT AS A FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE PREVENTION OF PIGS WITH HEAVY METALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The use of a mixture of kaolin (alumina silicate in the form of loose rock) and alunite (major aluminum sulfate and potassium of natural origin, which is crushed, less than 1 mm in weight), as a feed additive for the prevention of pig poisoning by heavy metals.

Description

The useful model belongs to the technology of raising pigs in areas of man-made pollution with heavy metals, namely to auxiliary feed factors (silicates, zeolites or bentonites); fodder specially adapted for pigs; fodder for young domestic animals, removed from the uterus and can be used to reduce the impact of heavy metals on the productivity and quality of pig production.

Among heavy metals, mercury is particularly dangerous, which since ancient times has been used in economic activities for fuel burning, production of steel, cement, phosphates, metal smelting, application of some fungicides, etc. Mercury in the environment is methylated by microorganisms, and sorption by soil and water ensures a constant circulation. It is an enzymatic poison that blocks sulfhydryl groups of cellular respiration enzymes. As a result, carbohydrate, protein, calcium metabolism and the function of the nervous system are disturbed.

Cadmium. The biggest polluters of agrocenoses are sewage and fertilizers, especially phosphorous. Widely used in engineering, especially in metallurgy, battery production.

In areas of zinc and lead ore mining, a high concentration of cadmium in plants is recorded. Accumulates in animals mainly in the liver, kidneys, etc. In case of chronic intoxication of animals with cadmium, clinical signs are observed: decrease in feed consumption, decrease in body weight and number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, albumin, sulfhydryl groups of enzymes in the blood of animals.

Arsenic (arsenic). It accumulates mainly in the root system, and in rapeseed - also in the aerial part. After entering the body, it is quickly distributed among organs and tissues.

It accumulates the most in the skin, wool and hooves of animals. It causes disorders of the functions of kidneys and respiratory organs, provokes oncological diseases.

Lead. Chronic intoxication mainly occurs as a result of the consumption of contaminated feed and leads to a violation of hemoglobin synthesis, hemolysis of erythrocytes, and a decrease in the content of cyanocobalamin. Characteristic for animals: general depression, lack of appetite, decrease in average daily growth, weight loss, decrease in milk productivity, paleness of mucous membranes, lameness, paresis and paralysis of hind limbs, comatose state. Sometimes - asymptomatic.

The most contaminated milk |, 21.

There are known methods of reducing the negative impact of heavy metals, among which mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and lead are especially dangerous on the physiological, morphological and metabolic processes in the body of pigs, as well as on the meat productivity of young animals during breeding and fattening, sanitary and hygienic indicators of the obtained products.

Thus, pectins (polysaccharides in fruits and root crops) due to carboxyl groups are able to bind ions of heavy metals in the digestive tract with the formation of insoluble complexes - pectates and pectinates, which are excreted from the body |Z, 41.

Saponites in the form of flour, at a dose of 0.5 g/kg of animal body weight when fed with feed for adsorption of heavy metals from fodder to lactating cows, already after 30 days showed a decrease in the levels of lead, copper and cadmium below the MDR (maximum permissible level) (5 |.

Also, the introduction of minerals of natural origin - zeolites into the diet due to the sum of their properties (absorptive, ion-exchange), leads to an improvement in the activity of the digestive tract with an increase in the digestibility of feed, which contributes to an increase in the economic efficiency of their use. These crystal hydrates, after removing the water of crystallization, retain the structure of their crystal lattice and pores, which occupy 50-95 percent of the crystal volume and have an active sorbing surface. Small molecules can be adsorbed in the pores and especially actively and for a long time - atoms or cations of heavy metals and further - excreted through the intestines. Molecules of organic substances due to their smaller molecular weight compared to heavy metals are adsorbed more weakly and desorbed faster, which largely prevents their removal from the body, which is especially important for nutrient molecules. Large molecules cannot enter the pores due to their size and are adsorbed only on the surface of the crystal. In addition, due to ion-exchange properties, natural zeolites are a source of useful macro- and microelements for the body. Research results confirm the effectiveness of finely ground zeolite flour for the adsorption of heavy metals as feed additives at the rate of 4 g/kg of animal weight (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 111.

A well-known preparation containing clay material: bentonite (TU 2-043-1165-87), kaolin (GOST 19608-74), zeolite (TU 113-23-91-52-89), enriched chalk (GOST 12085- 88) (121.

But, for an effective effect on reducing the translocation and accumulation of heavy metals in organisms and livestock products, sufficiently large doses of zeolites should be used.

For example, piglets weighing 50 kg need to be given 200 g of finely ground zeolite flour once with their feed, the cost of which makes such a measure economically not justified.

The useful model is based on the task of developing a cheap feed supplement for pigs of different age and technological categories, capable of effectively and selectively inhibiting the absorption of toxic heavy metals and at the same time ensuring the supply of useful macro- and microelements.

The task is solved by using a mixture of kaolin (aluminosilicate of natural origin in the form of loose rock, which has adsorption, binding, bactericidal, ion-exchange properties, is a source of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc) and alunite (basic aluminum sulfate and potassium of natural origin, which is a crushed, less than 1 mm mass with adsorption, binding, bactericidal, ion-exchange properties and which is a source of silicon, aluminum, iron, potassium, calcium, sulfur, silver, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum , zinc), as a feed additive for the prevention of pig poisoning by heavy metals, taken in the following ratio, wt. 9: kaolin 1-99 alunite rest.

The cause-and-effect relationship between the set of declared signs and the technical result is the introduction of much cheaper and no less active adsorbents of heavy metals into the composition of the feed additive: kaolin and alunite. At the same time, due to their ion-exchange properties, adsorbed heavy metals are exchanged for a large set of useful macro- and microelements: potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, silver, iron, cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, silicon, sulfur.

In addition, due to the additional astringent effect of this mixture on the proteins of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, it has an anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and inhibitory effect on sensitive receptors. The latter reflexively reduces intestinal tone, which slows down the passage of feed through the gastrointestinal tract up to two times, activates the secretion of digestive enzymes.

Technical result: effective reduction of translocation of heavy metals in the animal's body; increasing the resistance of animals; reducing the content of heavy metals in animal husbandry products; significant reduction of financial costs for the prevention of poisoning by important metals; additional intake of useful macro- and microelements into the body;

Additional astringent, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect on the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract; increasing the efficiency of the use of fodder.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing a useful model.

To implement a useful model, use: kaolin of natural origin, of any of the known species, enriched and not enriched (the latter has a higher mineral composition), the recommended amount of one-time introduction into the feed is 95% of its dry weight; the main sulfate of aluminum and potassium of natural origin - alunite of any of the known varieties, the recommended amount of one-time introduction into feed - 95% of its dry weight.

At the same time, according to the content of heavy metals, both kaolin and alunite must comply with the pharmacopoeial article "Voiche AIIra. White clay" (not more than 0.0025 95) or not lower than the current technical conditions for kaolin and alunite for food or fodder needs.

Specific examples of the use of a useful model.

One of the criteria for assessing the toxic effect of heavy metals on the animal body is the blood, which acts as an outpost of the body and effectively reflects all changes occurring in its various systems. Thus, to study the effect of a mixture of kaolin and alunite introduced into the diet in the amount of 3--3 95 of the dry matter of feed on the content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes, two groups of sows (one control and one experimental) were formed: virgin sows, sows on the 100th day of gestation and the sow on the 15th day of lactation. The results are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

The content of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood of sows. Mem, p-Z kaolin with Z 95 alunite from the dry weight of feed

It can be seen from Table 1 that the introduction of a mixture of kaolin and alunite with a content of 95 each from the dry weight of feed increased the level of hemoglobin in the blood of sows from 3.0 to 9.0 g/l and erythrocytes from 0.29 to 0.50 T/l compared to control. A higher level of hemoglobin indicates an increased level of oxygenation of body tissues, activation of redox processes, which as a result contributes to the preservation of piglets during the weaning period.

Also, in order to study the effect of kaolin-alunite feed additive in the amount of C 95 of each mineral from the dry mass of feed on the content of heavy metals in pig production, two groups of sows (one control and one experimental) were similarly formed: virgin sows, sows on the 100th day of gestation and the sow on the 15th day of lactation. The results are summarized in Table 2:

Table 2

The coefficient of concentration of heavy metals in the muscle tissue and internal organs of pigs 95, Mem, p-Z3 with Z 9o alunite from the dry mass of feed

Feeding a mixture of kaolin and alunite flour (according to C 95 from the dry weight of feed) to young pigs allowed to reduce the accumulation in the body of: lead by 79 95, mercury - by 28 905, cadmium - by 5.7 times, and arsenic - by 43 905 compared with similar indicators in pigs of the control group, which positively affects the health of pigs, their productivity and product quality.

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Loktionov V.V., Poloz D.D. - M.: Agroproimzdat, 1987. - P. 132-140. 2. G.O. Khmelnytskyi The maximum permissible level of a number of dangerous chemical elements in animal diets / H. Khmelnytskyi, D. Zasekin, M. Pavlenko, Yu. Novozhitska // Veterinary medicine of Ukraine. - 1999. - Mo. 12. - P. 26-27. 3. T.V. Makarevych Effectiveness of removal of mercury compounds from the body of pigs when a pectin-containing preparation is used in the diet / T.V. Makarevych // Veterinary medicine of Ukraine. - 2000. - Mo 2. - b. 36-37. 4. Viktorova Yu.P. Biogenic migration of mercury compounds in the soil-water-feed-organism system of sheep: autoref. thesis for the acquisition of sciences, the degree of candidate. Vet. Science: special. 16,00,06 "Animal hygiene and veterinary sanitation / Yu.P. Viktorova. - K., 2002. - 19 p. 5. Zinovchuk N.V. Analysis of negative environmental impacts on the agriculture of Ukraine /

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Neiko // Urology and nephrology. - 1990. - Mo 1. - b. 72-75. 7. Zasekin D.A. Natural zeolite as a factor in reducing the level of heavy metals in the body of animals / D.A. Zasekin, D.O. Melnychuk, I.V. Kalinin // Veterinary medicine of Ukraine. - 2000. - Mo. 3. - 6. 36-37. 8. V.I. Shaikin Evaluation of antitoxic properties of natural zeolites and bentonites in lead intoxication / Shaikin V.Y., Davdova T.A., Shaikin S.V. // Zpyzootology, diagnostics, prevention and measures of struggle! with animal diseases. - Novosibirsk, 1997. - P. 329-332. 9. Vyaizenen G.N. Heavy metal in feed and livestock products / Vyaizenen G.N.,

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Claims (1)

USEFUL MODEL FORMULA The use of a mixture of kaolin (aluminosilicate of natural origin in the form of loose rock) and alunite (main sulfate of aluminum and potassium of natural origin, which is a crushed, less than 1 mm mass) as a feed additive for the prevention of poisoning of pigs with heavy metals, taken in the following ratio , mass Pho: kaolin 1-99 alunite the rest. 0000 Computer technician O. Gergil 00000000 Ministry of Economic Development and Trade of Ukraine, str. M. Hrushevsky, 12/2, m. Kyiv, 01008, Ukraine SE "Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property", str. Glazunova, 1, m. Kyiv - 42, 01601