UA124895C2 - Vorrichtung zum schlackearmen entnehmen des flüssigen stahls aus verteiler oder pfanne mit dem deflux-system - Google Patents

Abstract

To prevent the formation of vortices inside the distributors (2) or buckets (43) when removing liquid steel (5) provided plate-like built-in elements (6), and the plate (20) has a special shape due to the stable area (18) of the base, while as located above it, the area of the opposite edge (17) has a more or less large bevel (25) relative to the upper edge (28) of the plate (20). As a result of such stabilization of the area (18) of the base and bevel (25) or bevel (29) plate (20) has an action that affects the possible vortices (4) or vortex. Such a plate (20) is necessary when working with the plug (14) in the bucket (43) or the distributor (2), while when using the spout tube (15) use two plates (41, 42). When using the plug (14), the plate (20) is located relative to the bottom spout (3) at a given installation angle, while the installation angle (37) on both plates (41, 42) is slightly different from it. Both designs can effectively prevent harmful vortices (4) when pouring liquid steel. 2

Description

The invention relates to a device for extracting liquid steel from a distributor or ladle when opening a bottom shower, consisting of built-in elements added to the bottom drain in the form of plates made of refractory material, which affect swirls, which are equipped with a perpendicular braking element or a plate and a support rack, which is connected to the base, and the brake element contains a sharp edge facing the bottom shower and is located at a given angle to the plug or shower tube.

During the production of steel and processing processes in the following containers, such as the distributor and pouring ladle, when the liquid phase is removed through the discharge chute, a more or less strong axial laminar flow is formed, that is, a vortex, which captures and then carries out into the steel, which is taken away slags that are on top of liquid steel. The share of slags in this vortex can reach a significant amount, since the vortex almost always goes all the way to the surface of the melt. This danger exists first of all if, towards the end of the filling, the bath mirror in the pouring or dispensing container reaches a low level and, thus, the vortex formation can reach the surface very quickly. In an attempt to keep this slag capture at the minimum possible level by premature termination, emptying the container, the residual content is about 15-20 95 of the total capacity of the distributor. In order to prevent the simultaneous removal of slags with larger volumes of extraction, systems are known, in which, with the help of a certain washing process, a spot with a low slag content is produced on the surface above the bottom shower, as a result of which a possible vortex is unable to capture slags. Of course, such a spot with a low slag content always means a place for a significant loss of temperature and oxidation processes, which, as a result of the so-called smearing of the bottom showers, represent obstacles to the transfer of steel to the containers located further away. In addition, the disadvantage is the necessary production costs. From the document EP 1172447 A1, a method and a device are known, in which a blunt concrete slab is introduced into the vortex formed during pouring or installed before pouring in a pre-selected position near the plug. In the documents SV 1391845 A and SV 1313736 A, jumpers and shutters, which are usual for this kind of metallurgical containers, are described and shown, which serve only to calm and direct the flow of steel. Also, document 05 5196051 shows this kind of built-in elements that can only direct the flow of steel. Document OE 3444228 A1 describes

The flow in the area of the shower head is directed from the left. Also, the elements located around the showerhead serve to produce a rotating melt beam. The device of 5 Ke 35,597 provides a cross of barriers in the area of the shower, which causes a kind of braking of the vortex in the shower. Concreting is also provided here. Document EP 1866111 VI describes for the first time a built-in part made of refractory material in the form of a plate, which is designed and located in such a way that it prematurely divides the vortex that occurs in the area of the bottom shower. The edge of this plate, facing the bottom shower, is pointed in order to "push" inside the vortex better. This part of the plate, that is, the part protruding vertically upwards, has the shape of a shark's fin. Regarding the installation angle, it is only mentioned that due to the angle in relation to the cork, additional crushing action should occur. In the case of pouring ladles and distributors equipped with so-called stoppers, the well-known plate or so-called anti-swirl works in principle in such a way that with the wrong angle of installation, additional swirls can occur, which again make it more difficult to carry out the jet. In the case of pouring ladles or dispensers equipped with a starter tube, the described swirl brake, if it functions at all, is very insufficient.

For this reason, the invention is based on the task of further minimization of slags that are captured and carried out, optimization of the plate shape with special features of the pouring ladle or distributor and ensuring the possibility of using anti-swirl plates also when using downpipes.

The problem of the invention is solved due to the fact that the plate-like built-in elements have a shape in which the edge located opposite the sharp edge has a structure that ensures rigidity of the plate support area and is equipped with a rectangular support rack, which is made in conjunction with an added notch in the base. At the same time, with the help of the plate, a flow can be produced that leads to the bottom shower and departs from it again. With the help of such a plate or vortex breaker, first of all, it is immediately achieved that until approximately the end of the extraction of the liquid phase through the bottom shower, the plate remains stable to the extent that the desired interference with the vortex is achieved. Loading plate a stream of liquid steel is passed over the plate in such a way that the desired interruption of the vortex occurs, while, however, the plate itself wears only to a limited extent. This is achieved due to a special shape, i.e. stabilization of the base area and with the help of a special shape of the support rack. Due to its rectangular 60 shape, even without concreting or, for example, when the concreting is broken, it cannot be turned from its given angle of attack of the flow, even if such a powerful flow of liquid steel arises as a result of the vorticity that is formed. Of course, the flow leading to the bottom shower is stronger than the flow leaving it, since it partially loses its intensity as a result of flowing through the bottom shower. Again, the flow directed away again unites with the flow directed to the bottom shower without the formation of possible additional vorticity as a result of this.

According to the expedient implementation of the invention, it is provided that the support rack contains a recess on the upper side that receives the plate. A plate can then be introduced or inserted into this recess, and due to the recess, it is sufficiently fixed, and additional gluing or fixing in another way is possible.

To prevent the impact on the flow of liquid steel from the side of the support post, it is provided that the support post contains a bevel directed towards the plate in the recess area. Thus, the flow is further affected only by the plate itself.

Reliable landing or fastening of the plate in the area of the pouring ladle or distributor is ensured due to the fact that the support rack has a clear height of 50 to 80 mm, which is selected according to the depth of the recess in the base. Thus, when a flow of liquid steel hits the plate and it is loaded by the resulting vortex, the plate cannot be turned or pulled out from the base.

The possibility of stabilizing or maintaining the stability of the base area of the plate despite the reduction of the surface of the plate is one in which the brake element made in the form of a plate contains a chamfered edge connecting the upper edge and the opposite edge.

This design also has the advantage that the plate as such has only the necessary weight, since the vortex dissection is carried out with the help of the front part, that is, it contains the sharp edge of the part, while the opposite edge serves primarily to direct the flow.

A particularly preferred design of the plate for directing liquid steel provides that the beveled edge is made at a length of 40-60 96 with respect to the upper edge and perpendicular to the lower edge by the amount of 1/2 to 2/3 of the total height of the plate and then passes along a slight arc to the opposite edge , and the description already shows that due to this, the stability of the area of the base of the slab is preserved.

For the purposeful direction of the flow of liquid steel, an implementation in which

A brake element made in the form of a plate has one straight and one slanted to the longitudinal axis of the plate, sides, with the straight side extending to the point of the sharp edge, while the slanted side and, thereby expanding the plate, it ends at a distance of 5.5-2.5 cm from the tip and then is made with a bevel to the tip. Thus, the plate takes on a wedge shape that supports the region of the plate provided for the separation of the resulting vorticity. In this case, the steel is purposefully directed further along the plate.

Earlier it was pointed out that in the case of prior art it is only about the angle at which the plate should be located. For a specialist, this is an imprecise indication, so it is better to understand that the plate corresponding to the invention should have an installation angle of 10-30 with respect to the bottom shower. This bevel guarantees a targeted intervention in the emerging vortices, as a result of which almost no vortices are formed or only side by-flows which are completely safe or cannot adversely affect the exit of liquid steel through the bottom chute If the plate is installed approximately in a straight line with the bottom chute, such significant additional eddies occur that the desired effect is unattainable.

Thus, the angle mentioned above is very important.

A particularly favorable position of the plate is achieved when it is located relative to the outer edge of the bottom shower against the direction of the swirl and is connected to the base in front of the bottom shower. This means that it is positioned at the intended angle of installation from 10" to 30" and in this case its positioning is carried out simultaneously not in the middle on the bottom shower, but, moreover, on the outer edge with the "adjacent" in order to purposefully prevent the production unwanted swirling of the onrushing liquid steel. At the same time, it is important to position the plate in the direction against the swirl, namely with its sharp edge.

It was previously pointed out that, with the known state of the art, the use of plates is impossible when using so-called downspouts or also downspouts. In the case of these downspout pipes or downspout kits, we are talking about fire-resistant pipes of light material, which are installed on the drain hole / bottom downspout to avoid contamination of the first steel. These structural elements often have a diameter of 10 cm and a height of about 20 cm.

After reaching the height of the steel level in the bath about 20 cm, they open the downspouts, so that even in this case, the prevention of swirling with the help of plates would be necessary, 60 however, unattainable with the help of only one plate. After all, the height of the steel in the bath is reduced to a value of 7 centimeters or less, that is, further extraction of liquid steel is carried out, even if the downpipes are no longer present. These downspout tubes are thick-walled, as a result of which the slabs cannot be pushed tightly enough onto the bottom downspout.

According to the invention and in this case, the formation of a vortex must be reliably prevented also in the case when, preferably when using a fixed starting tube, two plates, forming a bell for the flowing steel, are located at an installation angle of 207-457 to the longitudinal axis of the pouring ladle, pointing with spikes in the direction of the bottom shower. This arrangement of both plates ensures that the flowing steel is fed to the bottom ladle, and in the corner areas of the ladle or distributor, eddies may also occur, which, however, do not interfere with the passage of liquid steel. In this way, also when using shower tubes or shower sets with the help of two plates, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of harmful eddies, even if the shower tubes or shower sets were opened with liquid steel.

Particularly reliable prevention of vortices in the area of the bottom showerhead is achieved when both plates are located at the same angle of installation, pointing with a sharp edge or point in the direction of the bottom showerhead. They must also be fixed at the same distance from the bottom sprue, resulting in a very uniformly shaped bell that can reliably direct the liquid steel to the bottom sprue without creating any swirl at all. Once again, it should be mentioned that minor swirls occurring in the corners cannot impair the release of liquid steel.

Accurate alignment is achieved if both plates are located with the tip pointing at an angle to the bottom shower, and the tip is directed to the outer edge of the starting tube. On the one hand, the liquid steel is fed purposefully through the funnel to the bottom chute and, of course, on the other hand, a flow is formed around the plates around the bottom chute, which leads, however, back to the bottom chute, so that the steel can generally flow uniformly through the bottom chute .

The next possibility of a positive influence on the flow in the area of the bottom shower is that both plates, passing with their tips, at least to the middle of the starting tube, while maintaining a distance of less than 30 mm, are fixed on the base. Thanks to figures to come

From what is explained later, it becomes clear that in this way they achieve a purposeful and "gentle" direction of liquid steel.

To explain the appropriate location of the plates, it should be pointed out that it is preferable if the bell formed by the plates is made on the longitudinal axis of the pouring ladle or distributor, with the end of the bell pointing in the direction of the bottom spout. Both plates are properly aligned and condition the flow in which the liquid steel is introduced into the bottom chute without the formation of vortices.

In accordance with the next best form of execution, it is provided that the location of both plates with a significant change in the flow rate of the flowing liquid steel, the inner diameter of the bottom spout or the geometry of the base can be variable according to the changed conditions. Such changes in the location of both slabs are possible, for example, when the recess in the base, which is composed of separate stones, is made to form a different installation angle. Thus, to produce a changed angle of attack of the stream, it is only necessary to replace one or two stones in the base. Another possibility is to slightly change the shape of both plates in order to appropriately affect the flow of liquid steel in a different way.

According to the invention, the already mentioned influence on the flow of liquid steel is additionally possible due to the fact that the inner side of the plates forming the bell is made concave-convex. Thus, liquid steel can be directed in the direction of the bottom shower, thereby not contributing to the tendency to form vortices.

The invention is characterized, in particular, by the fact that plates are created for use with plugs or also with downspouts, which have a positive effect on the flow inside the pouring ladle or distributor. They have a shape that purposefully prevents the formation of swirls and allows the liquid steel to be directed so that it can be taken from the pouring ladle or distributor to approximately the upper layer of slag.

Thus, the amount left in the pouring ladle or distributor reaches, if possible, a small value. At the same time, this form of plates allows you to reliably prevent harmful vortices also when using sprue tubes and sprue kits, and it is expedient to use two identical plates that are installed at a certain angle and thereby form a kind of bell, which purposefully brings liquid steel from the bottom sprue, not allowing it can form harmful eddies.

Further details and advantages of the subject of the invention follow from the further description of the corresponding drawing, which shows a preferred embodiment with the necessary details and individual elements. The figures show the following:

Fig. 1 - a design with a distributor with a pouring ladle located in front of it and a foundry mold located after it;

Fig. 2 - bucket with two bottom spouts;

Fig. C - a plate with a sharp edge and a support post;

Fig. 4 - another form of plate execution with a more favorable flow direction and a reinforced area of the base, as well as a support rack;

Fig. 5 - two plates for use with a downpipe;

Fig. 6 - plate when viewed from the side of the opposite edge;

Fig. 7 - a top view of the pouring ladle 43 with a plate located at the fixing angle of the installation;

Fig. 8 - a downspout tube with a mounted plate installed on the bottom downspout;

Fig. 9 - two plates that form a bell; and

Fig. 10 - the use of both shown in Fig. 9 plates in a pouring ladle with different flows of liquid steel.

Fig. 1 shows a construction with a pouring ladle 1, which contains liquid steel 5. From this pouring ladle 1, the liquid steel is directed to the distributor 2 for purposeful delivery from here to the following processing locations. The distributor 2 or the ladle 43 shown further below are equipped with several bottom spouts 3, which are still closed by a plug 14. When liquid steel 5 is requested, this plug is pulled up, so that the liquid steel can flow through the bottom spout C in the direction of the mold 7 and the rolling rolls 8 After pulling the plug 14 above the base 9, a vortex 4 is formed, which introduces a liquid axis 55 with liquid steel through the bottom shower 3. This has a harmful effect and must be stopped due to the location of the built-in elements 6, which have the form of plates, in the area of the bottom shower 3. These plate-like built-in elements 6 have the shape of a plate 20 and consist of a brake part 10 and a support rack 11.

The front edge is made in the form of a sharp edge 12.

Fig. 2 shows a ladle 43, in which above the refractory pipe 13 is also contained liquid steel 5 for further supply through the bottom showers 3, 3 to the next place of use. Such ladles 43, depending on the circumstances, can be made so that they are easily overturned, in order to thereby achieve further withdrawal of liquid steel 5 in case of approximate withdrawal of liquid steel 5.

The built-in element 6, which has the form of a plate, is shown in Fig. 3. Such a plate 20 includes a sharp edge 12, as previously mentioned. Shown in Fig. The plate 20 is equipped with only a slight bevel 25, in order, on the one hand, to reduce the weight of the plate 20 and, on the other hand, however, to ensure the possibility of purposefully feeding the liquid steel 5 along the plate 20 without the formation of swirl. The plate 20 contains a support post 11, which is made rectangular or even square and contains a recess 24, into which the plate 20 can be inserted or inserted. This support post 11 is inserted into the recess 19 in the base 9 of the distributor 2 or bucket 43 and is fixed in such a way that neither plate 20 nor support post 11 can be rotated. For this, the support post 11 has a sufficient height 26 in the light, which corresponds to the depth of the notch 19.

Shown in Fig. C plate 20 has a shape in the area 18 of the base, which contributes to reliable positioning of the plate. This structure 16 for stabilization can have different forms. At the same time, it is important that the area 18 of the plate base is still sufficiently strong even after prolonged use of the plate 20 to thereby ensure the position of the plate 20.

The reference position 17 indicates the edge located against the sharp edge 12. As already mentioned, it is somewhat shortened, as well as the upper edge 28 of the brake element 10 or the plate 20. This determines the favorable shape of the plate 20 in terms of hydrodynamics, and also the support post 11 beveled in the region of its upper side 23 in such a way that one can not be afraid of the flow of liquid steel.

The most usable shape of the plate 20 provides that while maintaining the stable region 18 of the base, it is possible to abandon the part of the brake element 10, which is not necessarily necessary for the direction of the liquid steel 5. It can be seen that the upper edge 28 is interrupted and in the part 29 initially passes in a straight direction relative to the support post 11, to then be directed in a beveled edge 29 or in a slight arc 31 to the opposite edge 17.

There remains the already mentioned stable area of the base and the upper part, sufficient to separate or deflect the swirl 4. The lower edge 30 remains invariably straight and receives the support post 11. The sharp edge 12, parallel to the opposite edge 17, is made especially "sharp",

because in this case, not two bevels are used, but only one, respectively steeper and longer bevel 36.

Fig. 5 shows a top view or a bottom view of the plate 20, and it can be seen that along with the points 35, which are made stably on the right, the opposite edge 17 contains a narrowing that provides the possibility of a more favorable conduction of the liquid steel 5. This is achieved due to the fact that the side 32 passes in a straight line, namely parallel to the longitudinal axis 33 of the plate, while the other side 34 passes with a bevel, namely from the point 35 in the direction of the opposite edge 17.

Fig. 6 shows the frontal view of the plate, and the support post 11 is visible at the bottom, while the reference position 46 indicates the inner side, which in this case has a convex design 27. Due to this, a calm but purposeful flow of liquid steel 5 is achieved.

Ladle 43 is shown from above in Fig. 7. At the same time, it is shown that the bottom shower C is located at the end of the pouring ladle 43, as can be seen from fig. 2, so that the liquid steel 5 introduced in the center must flow in the direction of the bottom sprue 3. At the same time, due to the plate 20, located near the bottom sprue 3, the liquid steel 5 is directed in such a way that an inflow stream 47 of steel occurs and a flow of steel 48 departs, and a large part flows, of course, through the bottom sprue C to the distributor 2 or to the casting mold 7. The plate 20 with its tip 35 is located at a certain angle of attack defined in the formula of the invention, so that the already mentioned flows 47, 48 of steel occur. In the corners 51 of the ladle 43, small vortices appear, which, however, are completely harmless and are marked by the reference position 49. In general, a calm flow occurs, as a result of which it is impossible to create harmful vortices.

While in the case of the ladle 43 of FIG. 7 work with a plug 14 not shown, according to fig. 8 provides for the use of a downspout pipe 15. This pipe made of light material is mounted or glued on the bottom downspout C and, further, it can be seen that in this case, not one plate 20 is used, but two plates 41, 42, which with their point 35 or their sharp edge 12 extend close to the starting tube. Only the plate 42 is shown. The tip 35, which runs along the entire height of the plate 42, is brought close to the outer edge 21 of the starting tube 15. The reference position 22 marks the center, which is important because, as

As explained in Fig. 8, plate 42 is purposefully placed not in the center 22.

Fig. 9 more clearly explains how the flow of liquid steel 5 is directed in an expedient manner when using a downpipe 15. Two plates 41, 42 are used, namely in such a way that they form a bell 40, which brings the inflowing liquid steel 5 exactly to the bottom sprinkler 3. Containing a point 35, the edges 12 are located in such a way that they extend beyond the center 22 and pass close to the outer edge 38 of the starting tube 15. The angle 37 of the installation for both plates 41, 42 is determined in accordance with the formula of the invention and provides optimal input of liquid steel 5 into the bottom hopper 3. The described angle 37 of the installation refers to the longitudinal axis 44 of the pouring ladle 43.

Fig. 10 once again shows a top view of the pouring ladle 43, in which, similarly to FIG. 9 shows the position of both plates 41, 42. It can be seen that here the general flow 50 moves to the bottom downspout C and at the same time is deflected by both plates 41, 42 in such a way that, on the one hand, a bell 40 is formed with the end 45 of the bell, and in the corners regions, a bypass is formed for the flow 50 in the direction of the bottom shower 3. Small vortices arising in the corners 51 are harmless.

In the case shown in Fig. from 8 to 10 of the so-called swirl breaker, two plates 41, 42 are provided, designed to ensure the possibility of purposeful and calm supply of liquid steel 5 to the bottom showerhead 3. During operation, the bottom showerhead C is protected by the so-called starting tube 15 for approximately the entire time in this way , that the steel is directed, at least, first through the upper edge of the starting tube down through the bottom shower 3. All this is carried out purposefully and in a calm state, so that the occurrence of harmful vortices is even impossible. In this general design, it is essential that the shape of the plates 20, 41, 42 ensures a smooth direction of the liquid steel 5.

Claims (14)

FORMULA OF THE INVENTION 55 1. A device for extracting liquid steel (5) from the distributor (2) or ladle (43) when opening the bottom chute (3), consisting of plate-like built-in elements added to the bottom chute (3) that affect the swirl (4) (6) made of refractory material, which contain a vertical brake element (10) made in the form of a plate (20), which is connected to the base (9) of the distributor (2) or ladle (43), a support post (11), and the braking element bo (10) contains a sharp edge (12) facing the bottom spigot (3), which maintains a given distance, pointing in the direction of the bottom spigot (3) and is located at a given angle to the plug (14) or the spigot tube (15) , which is characterized by the fact that the plate-like built-in elements (6) have a shape in which the edge located opposite the sharp edge has a structure that ensures the rigidity of the plate support area, and the plates (20) are made with the possibility of limited wear due to a special shape, with this plate-like built-in elements (6) are equipped with a rectangular support post (11), which is made in conjunction with the provided notch (19) in the base (9) of the distributor (2) or casting ladle (43), and the support post (11) holds on the upper side (23) the recess (24) for fixing the plate (20). 2. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the support post (11) contains a bevel (25) in the region of the recess (24), which points in the direction of the plate (20). C. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support post (11) has a height (26) in the light from 50 to 80 mm, which is selected according to the depth of the recess (19) in the base (9). 4. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the brake element (10) made in the form of a plate (20) contains a beveled edge (29) that connects the upper edge (28) and the opposite edge (17). 5. The device according to claim 4, which is characterized by the fact that the beveled edge (29) during 40-60 95 of the length of the upper edge (28) is made adjacent and perpendicular to the lower edge (30) from 1/2 to 2/3 of the total height and then passes along a smooth arc (31) to the opposite edge (17). 6. The device according to claim 1, which is characterized by the fact that the brake element (10) made in the form of a plate (20) contains side sides (32, 34) that pass in a straight line and with a slant relative to the longitudinal axis (33) of the plate, and the side (32) running in a straight line goes all the way to the tip (35) of the sharp edge (12), while the side (34) running with a bevel and thus widening the plate (20) ends at at a distance of 5.5-2.5 cm from the tip (35) and then made brought to the tip (35). 7. The device according to claim 1, which differs in that the angle (37) of the installation of the plate (20) with respect to the bottom shower (3) is 107-307. 8. The device according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the plate (20) is connected to the base (9) in the direction of the outer edge (38) of the bottom shower (3) against the direction (50) of the swirl in front of the bottom shower (3). Zo 9. The device according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that preferably when using a downspout tube (15), two plates (41, 42), forming a bell (40) for draining steel (5), are located at an angle (37) of the installation 207-457 to the longitudinal axis (44) of the pouring ladle (43), pointing the tip (35) in the direction of the bottom spout (3). 10. The device according to claim 8, which is characterized by the fact that both plates (41, 42) are located at the same angle (37) of the installation, pointing with a sharp edge (12) or point (35) in the direction of the bottom shower (3). 11. The device according to claim 8, which is characterized by the fact that both plates are located with a bevel of the tip (35) relative to the bottom spout (3), and the tip (35) is directed to the outer edge (21) of the spout tube (15). 12. The device according to claim 8, which is characterized by the fact that both plates (41, 42) are fixed on the base (9) with their point (35) passing to at least the center (22) of the shower tube (15) and maintaining a distance of less than 30 mm . 13. The device according to claim 8, which differs in that the bell (40) formed by the plates (41, 42) in the longitudinal axis (44) of the pouring ladle (43) or distributor (2) is designed so that the end (45) of the bell points in direction of the bottom shower (3). 14. The device according to claim 9, which is characterized by the fact that the inner side (46) of the plates (41, 42) forming the bell (40) is convexly curved.