TWM625295U - Battery device capable of preventing heat runaway - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising a plurality of battery cells and at least one container, wherein each battery cell contacts at least one container. The container includes a closed space for placing water, wherein the battery core can transfer heat from the battery core to the contacting container and the water by means of thermal conduction. When thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery cells of the battery device, the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell will rise rapidly, and the temperature of the container and the water contacting the thermally runaway battery cell will also increase accordingly. When the temperature of the container or the pressure in the closed space of the container is greater than a threshold value, the water in the container will spray out and contact the thermally runaway battery cells, which can quickly reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cells to avoid thermally runaway battery cells. cause thermal runaway of other battery cells.

Description

Battery unit that prevents thermal runaway

The invention relates to a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which can quickly reduce the temperature of a thermally runaway battery cell, and can effectively prevent the thermally runaway battery core from causing thermal runaway of other battery cells.

Rechargeable battery refers to a general term for batteries that can be recharged and used repeatedly, mainly including nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lithium-ion batteries, etc., and is widely used in electronic products, home appliances and vehicles. .

In addition, with the development of industry and the rising awareness of environmental protection, the problems of air pollution and global warming have gradually received attention. At present, countries around the world are gradually formulating relevant laws and regulations to promote and develop the electric vehicle industry, and propose to ban the sale of fuel vehicles after a certain period of time, in order to reduce the air pollution caused by means of transportation in urban areas.

Rechargeable batteries are one of the key technologies in the development of the electric vehicle industry. How to increase the charging capacity of rechargeable batteries, shorten the charging time of rechargeable batteries, and improve the safety of rechargeable batteries are the key points of promoting and developing the electric vehicle industry. Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, high output power, no memory effect, low self-discharge, wide operating temperature range and fast charging and discharging speed, etc., and have become the main rechargeable batteries used in electric vehicles.

Generally speaking, a plurality of battery cells (Cell) are connected to form a battery pack, and the series and/or parallel connection of each battery cell is adjusted so that the battery pack can output the voltage required by the product. However, when one of the battery cells in the battery pack fails and causes a short circuit, other normal battery cells will be charged with a large current to the short-circuited battery cell, thereby causing the temperature of the short-circuited battery cell to rise abnormally. When the temperature exceeds the temperature that the isolation layer inside the battery cell can withstand, it will cause the isolation layer to dissolve, short-circuit the positive and negative electrode materials of the battery core, and then cause the battery core to melt or explode.

The high temperature generated by the faulty battery cell or the sprayed electrolyte will be transmitted to other battery cells or conductive sheets, which will cause the temperature of the conductive sheets and the connected battery cells to rise abnormally, and may cause damage to other normal battery cells. This results in a thermal runaway of the battery pack.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which mainly includes a plurality of battery cells and at least one container. Each battery cell contacts at least one container, wherein the container includes a closed space for holding a liquid. When thermal runaway occurs in one of the battery cells of the battery device, the thermally runaway battery cell will transfer heat to the contacting container and liquid through thermal conduction, so that the temperature of the container and the liquid rises.

When the temperature of the container and the liquid rises to a threshold value, for example, the threshold value is between 160°C and 200°C, a part of the container will rupture. The ruptured area is typically the location of the contact with the thermally runaway cell, such that the liquid in the container is ejected out of the container through the ruptured area and contacts the thermally runaway cell to reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway cell. When the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell is controlled, the thermally runaway battery cell can be prevented from transferring heat to other normal battery cells through the conductive sheet, which can effectively prevent the thermal runaway chain reaction of other normal battery cells from occurring.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which mainly includes a plurality of battery cells and at least one container, wherein each battery cell contacts at least one container. The container includes a closed space for accommodating a liquid, and the pressure range of the container is between 6 and 15 atmospheres.

A thermally runaway battery cell will transfer heat to the contacting container and liquid through thermal conduction, causing the temperature of the container and the liquid to rise, and the pressure in the confined space will also increase with the rise of the liquid temperature. When the pressure in the confined space rises to a threshold value, for example, the threshold value is between 6 and 15 atmospheres, part of the container will be ruptured, so that the liquid in the closed space will be ejected from the container through the ruptured area and contact the thermal runaway. battery cells to reduce the temperature of thermally runaway battery cells.

The main component of the liquid arranged in the closed space of the container is water, and water has relatively high thermal stability and specific heat, so that the water or aqueous solution sprayed out of the container can effectively reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery core. In addition, the heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kJ/mol, which is equivalent to 2266 kJ/kg, which is 5 times the energy required to heat water from 0°C to 100°C. Therefore, when the water is heated to the boiling point by the thermally runaway battery core and evaporated from a liquid state to a gaseous state, it can absorb a large amount of heat generated by the thermally runaway battery core and greatly reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery core.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, wherein the container may or may not have a fixed shape, for example, the container may be a can body or a bag body. In addition, the container may be irregularly shaped, and when part of the container is ruptured, some of the water will be sprayed out of the container, and some of the water will remain in the container. The liquid or vaporized water sprayed out of the container will immediately and quickly reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway cell, while the water left in the container will continue to absorb the temperature of the thermally runaway cell. When the temperature of the water left in the container is higher than the boiling point, it will be vaporized into water vapor, and a large amount of heat will be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery cell to continuously reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell until the water remaining in the container is consumed. .

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, without additional detectors and complex control circuits to measure the temperature of the battery cells and determine whether thermal runaway occurs in the battery cells. Specifically, the present invention provides a low-cost, safe and stable battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, which can achieve the purpose of preventing thermal runaway of the battery device while reducing the installation cost of the battery device.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention proposes a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container, including a closed space, the pressure range of the container is greater than 6 atmospheres and less than 15 atmospheres; a liquid, placed in the container In the closed space, the liquid is a water or an aqueous solution; and a plurality of battery cells, each of which is in contact with the container, wherein the area where the container contacts the battery cells is defined as a contact area.

The present invention proposes another battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container, including a closed space; a liquid, placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is water or an aqueous solution, and the temperature of the container is greater than Celsius When the temperature is 160 degrees and less than 200 degrees Celsius, the liquid will be sprayed out of the container; and a plurality of battery cells, each of which is in contact with the container, wherein the area where the container contacts the battery cells is defined as a contact area.

The present invention provides another battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container including a closed space; a liquid placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid includes a water; and a plurality of battery cells, each battery cell The core contacts the container, and the area where the container contacts the battery core is defined as a contact area, and when one of the battery cores in contact with the container experiences thermal runaway, the liquid will be ejected from the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defective part, and when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6 atm to 15 atm, the liquid in the closed space will leave the container through the valve or the defective part .

The described battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, wherein the valve or the defective portion is located in the contact area of the container.

In the battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, the number of containers is plural, and each battery cell contacts at least one container.

In the battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6 atm to 15 atm, part of the liquid in the closed space will leave the container, and part of the liquid will remain in the container.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, wherein the container includes a main body and at least one protruding part, the protruding part is connected to the main body and protrudes from the surface of the main body, and the protruding part or the main part is used for accommodating the main body without leaving container of liquid.

The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defective part, and when the temperature of the container is in the range of 160 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius, the liquid in the closed space will be released by the valve or the defective part. Leave the container.

In the battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, when the temperature in the container is between 160°C and 200°C, part of the liquid in the closed space will leave the container, and part of the liquid will remain in the container.

Please refer to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , which are an exploded perspective view and a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a novel battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, respectively. As shown in the figure, the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway mainly includes at least one container 11 and a plurality of battery cells 13 , wherein each battery cell 13 contacts at least one container 11 and transfers heat to the container 11 through thermal conduction. .

As shown in FIG. 2, the container 11 includes a closed space 12 for accommodating a liquid 15, wherein the liquid 15 is mainly water or an aqueous solution. In an embodiment of the present invention, the liquid 15 only occupies part of the closed space 12 , and the other closed space 12 is not placed with the liquid 15 . The liquid 15 can flow in the closed space 12 and is located at the bottom of the closed space 12 under the action of gravity, while the closed space 12 where the liquid 15 is placed may have gas or water vapor.

Specifically, the battery cells 13 transfer heat to the contacting container 11 and the liquid 15 in the closed space 12 through thermal conduction, so that the temperature of the container 11 and the liquid 15 changes with the temperature of the contacting battery cells 13 . The container 11 of the present invention is preferably made of a material with high thermal conductivity, which can be a can body with a fixed shape, such as an aluminum can, or a bag body without a fixed shape, such as an aluminum foil bag.

The container 11 of the present invention is designed so that the liquid 15 in the closed space 12 of the container 11 will be sprayed out of the container 11 when the contacting battery cells 13 undergo thermal runaway. The liquid 15 ejected from the container 11 will contact the thermally runaway battery cells 13 and reduce the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cells 13 .

Generally speaking, the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell 13 is usually between 160 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius. In an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness and material of the container 11 can be adjusted so that the temperature of the container 11 is 160 degrees Celsius. Cracked between 200 degrees. The container 11 has at least one contact area 111 and contacts the battery cells 13 via the contact area 111 , wherein the temperature of the contact area 111 of the container 11 contacting the thermally runaway battery cells 13 may be higher than that of other areas of the container 11 . Taking the container 11 with uniform thickness and structure as an example, the container 11 has a high probability of rupture or melting in the contact area 111 of the thermally runaway battery cell 13, so that the liquid 15 is sprayed from the contact area 111 and sprayed on the thermally runaway battery cell. 13.

In another implementation of the present invention, the thickness, material and other variables of the container 11 can be adjusted so that the pressure range that the container 11 can withstand is greater than 6 atmospheres and less than 15 atmospheres.

Specifically, when the battery cells 13 in contact with the container 11 undergo thermal runaway, the thermally runaway battery cells 13 will transfer heat to the liquid 15 in the container 11 via the container 11 , so that the temperature of the liquid 15 in the container 11 increases. As the temperature of the liquid 15 increases, the pressure in the closed space 12 of the container 11 also increases. When the pressure in the closed space 12 of the container 11 reaches 6 to 15 atmospheres, it exceeds the pressure that the container 11 can bear, so that the liquid 15 is ejected from the container 11 .

As shown in FIG. 2 , in another embodiment of the present invention, at least one valve 113 may be provided on the container 11 , when the pressure in the closed space 12 of the container 11 is between 6 and 15 atmospheres, or the temperature of the container 11 When the temperature is 200 degrees between 160 degrees Celsius, the liquid 15 in the container 11 will be sprayed out of the container 11 through the valve 113. The setting of the valve 113 can control the spraying direction of the liquid 15 sprayed out of the container 11, so that the liquid 15 leaving the container 11 can be accurately of the spray to the thermally runaway battery cell 13 .

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned valve 113 may also be a defective portion, wherein the defective portion may be a thin area on the container 11 or an area with indentations or creases. When the temperature of the container 11 rises or the pressure of the closed space 12 of the container 11 increases, the defective part of the container 11 usually ruptures first, and the spray direction of the liquid 15 ejected from the container 11 can be controlled.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the battery cells 13 and the containers 11 can be arranged or stacked in any manner. As long as each battery cell 13 is in contact with at least one container 11 , thermal runaway can be prevented. The number of battery cells 13 can be plural, for example, the number of battery cells 13 can be three, four, five or six, wherein the plurality of battery cells 13 are arranged around the container 11, so that each battery cell 13 contacts the same. A container 11. The number of the battery cells 13 being three, four, five or six is only an embodiment of the present invention and is not a limitation of the scope of the rights of the present invention. The battery cells 13 in the battery device 10 that can prevent thermal runaway in practical applications As long as the number is greater than or equal to two, the content described in this new model can be applied.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway may include at least one fixing frame 17 and/or at least one conductive sheet 19 , wherein the fixing frame 17 is used for fixing a plurality of battery cells 13 and at least one container 11 to conduct electricity. The sheet 19 is electrically connected to the plurality of battery cells 13 , for example, the plurality of battery cells 13 are connected in series or in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 4 , a plurality of battery cells 13 can be arranged in a matrix, for example, the battery cells 13 are arranged and stacked along a first direction X and a second direction Y, wherein the first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y. The container 11 can be a strip, square or cuboid, and is located between the adjacent battery cells 13 arranged along the second direction Y, for example, the container 11 is used to separate the adjacent battery cells 13 in the second direction Y .

As shown in FIG. 5 , the container 11 may include a main portion 119 and a plurality of protruding portions 117 or branch portions, wherein the main portion 119 is disposed along the first direction X, and the protruding portion 117 protrudes from the main portion 119 , and There is an included angle with the main body portion 119 , for example, the protruding portion 117 is located between adjacent battery cells 13 arranged along the first direction X. As shown in FIG.

The contact area between the container 11 and each battery cell 13 can be increased through the arrangement of the protruding portion 117 , so that the heat of the thermally runaway battery cell 13 is transferred to the container 11 and the liquid 15 at a faster speed. In addition, the container 11 is designed to have extended structures in different directions, so that when the container 11 is ruptured, part of the liquid 15 will be ejected from the container 11, while part of the liquid 15 will remain in the container 11 and continue to be heated by heat Runaway battery cells 13 absorb heat. Specifically, when the temperature of the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 is higher than the boiling point, the liquid 15 will change from a liquid state to a gaseous state, and heat will be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery core 13 . The heat of vaporization of water is 40.8 kJ/mol, which is equivalent to 2266 kJ/kg. When the water is converted into water vapor, a large amount of heat can be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery cell 13. Therefore, the liquid 15 installed in the container 11 of the present invention Water or an aqueous solution is preferred.

In addition, in the novel embodiment, the same battery cell 13 may be in contact with two or more containers 11 . When thermal runaway of one of the battery cells 13 of the battery device 10 that can prevent thermal runaway occurs, two or more of the containers 11 may be triggered. More than one container 11 is ruptured and a large amount of liquid 15 is ejected to increase the cooling rate of the battery cells 13 to reduce thermal runaway.

Please refer to FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 , wherein FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are a Nail Penetration Test performed on one of the battery cells 13 of the battery device to simulate thermal runaway of one of the battery cells 13 of the battery device. situation.

The solid line in FIG. 6 is the temperature-time curve of the battery cell 13 (the thermally runaway battery cell 13 ) in the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway, and the dashed line in FIG. 6 is the conventional battery device. The temperature-time curve of the battery cell 13 (thermally runaway battery cell 13 ) subjected to the needling test in . As shown in the figure, the maximum temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell 13 of the present invention is about 550 degrees Celsius, and then the liquid 15 ejected from the container 11 and the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 will be absorbed by the thermally runaway battery cell 13 in large quantities. The temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell 13 drops at a very fast rate. In contrast, the maximum temperature of the conventional thermally runaway battery cell 13 is about 600 degrees Celsius, wherein the heat generated by the thermally runaway battery cell 13 cannot be efficiently discharged, so that the temperature of the thermally runaway battery cell 13 decreases very slowly.

The solid line in FIG. 7 is the temperature-time curve of the battery cell 13 adjacent to the battery cell 13 (the thermally runaway battery cell 13 ) in the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway of the new type, and the dotted line in FIG. 7 It is the temperature-time curve of the battery cell 13 adjacent to the battery cell 13 (the thermally runaway battery cell 13 ) that is subjected to the acupuncture test in the conventional battery device. As shown in the figure, the maximum temperature of the battery cells 13 adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cells 13 of the present invention is about 150 degrees Celsius, and then the temperature of the adjacent battery cells 13 will not increase. The main reason should be that the liquid 15 remaining in the container 11 will continue to absorb heat from the thermally runaway battery cells 13, so that the thermally runaway battery cells 13 will not continue to transmit heat to the adjacent battery cells 13, which can effectively prevent thermal runaway. The battery cell 13 of the battery cell 13 triggers the thermal runaway of other normal battery cells 13 .

In contrast, the thermally runaway battery cells 13 in the conventional battery device will continue to transfer heat to the adjacent battery cells 13 through the conductive sheet 19 , so that the temperature of the adjacent battery cells 13 continues to rise. Thermal runaway occurs when the temperature of the 13 reaches 550 degrees Celsius.

It can be clearly seen from FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 that the temperature of the battery cells 13 in the thermal runaway-preventing battery device 10 of the present invention will drop at a very fast rate, and the adjacent battery cells 13 will not be triggered to generate heat. out of control. In contrast, in the conventional battery device, the temperature of the battery cell 13 in which thermal runaway occurs cannot effectively dissipate heat, and the heat is transferred to the adjacent battery cells 13 , thereby causing thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cells 13 . Therefore, through the battery device 10 capable of preventing thermal runaway of the present invention, the temperature of the battery cells 13 in thermal runaway can be effectively suppressed, and the chain thermal runaway of other battery cells can be avoided.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Modifications should be included in the scope of the patent application of the present invention.

10: A battery unit that prevents thermal runaway 11: Container 111: Contact area 113: Valve 117: Projection 119: Main body 12: Confined space 13: battery cell 15: Liquid 17: Fixing frame 19: Conductive sheet

1 is a schematic exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a novel battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway.

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a novel battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway.

[FIG. 3] A side view of yet another embodiment of a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway of the new type.

[ FIG. 4 ] A side view of yet another embodiment of a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway of the present invention.

[FIG. 5] A side view of yet another embodiment of the battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway of the novel.

FIG. 6 is a temperature-time curve diagram of a battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway of a new type and a thermal runaway battery cell in a conventional battery device.

FIG. 7 is a temperature-time curve diagram of the battery cell adjacent to the thermally runaway battery cell in the novel battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway and the conventional battery device.

10: A battery unit that prevents thermal runaway

11: Container

111: Contact area

113: Valve

12: Confined space

13: battery cell

15: Liquid

Claims (18)

A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: At least one container, including a closed space, the pressure range of the container is greater than 6 atmospheres and less than 15 atmospheres; a liquid placed in the enclosed space of the container, wherein the liquid is a water or an aqueous solution; and A plurality of battery cells, each of which is in contact with the container, wherein the area where the container contacts the battery cell is defined as a contact area. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway according to claim 1, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defect, and when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6 atm to 15 atm, the liquid in the closed space The closed space of the container will be left by the valve or the defective portion. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 2, wherein the valve or the defective portion is located in the contact area of the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the pressure in the container is in the range of 6 atm to 15 atm, part of the liquid in the closed space will leave the container, and part of the liquid will leave the container will remain in the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 5, wherein the container comprises a main body portion and at least one protruding portion, the protruding portion is connected to the main body portion and protrudes from the surface of the main body portion, the protruding portion Or the main body portion is used to accommodate the liquid that does not leave the container. A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container, including an enclosed space; A liquid is placed in the closed space of the container, wherein the liquid is a water or an aqueous solution, and when the temperature of the container or the liquid is in the range of 160°C to 200°C, the liquid will be sprayed out of the container ;and A plurality of battery cells, each of which is in contact with the container, wherein the area where the container contacts the battery cell is defined as a contact area. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 7, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defective part, and when the temperature of the container or the liquid is in the range of 160 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius, the airtight The liquid in the space will leave the closed space of the container through the valve or the defect. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 8, wherein the valve or the defective portion is located in the contact area of the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 7, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the temperature in the container is in the range of 160 degrees Celsius and 200 degrees Celsius, part of the liquid in the closed space will leave the container, and part of the liquid will leave the container. The liquid will remain in the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 11, wherein the container comprises a main body part and at least one protruding part, the protruding part is connected to the main body part and protrudes from the surface of the main body part, the protruding part is The part or the main body part is used to contain the liquid that does not leave the container. A battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway, comprising: at least one container, including an enclosed space; a liquid placed in the enclosed space of the container, wherein the liquid includes a water; and A plurality of battery cells, each of which is in contact with the container, the area of the container in contact with the battery cell is defined as a contact area, and when one of the battery cells in contact with the container is thermally out of control, the liquid will be ejected from the container . The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 13, wherein the container includes at least one valve or at least one defect, and when one of the battery cells in contact with the container is thermally runaway, the liquid in the closed space will The closed space of the container is left by the valve or the defective portion. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 14, wherein the valve or the defective portion is located in the contact area of the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 13, wherein the number of the containers is plural, and each of the battery cells contacts at least one of the containers. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 13, wherein when one of the battery cells is thermally runaway, part of the liquid in the closed space will leave the container, and part of the liquid will remain in the container. The battery device capable of preventing thermal runaway as claimed in claim 17, wherein the container comprises a main body part and at least one protruding part, the protruding part is connected to the main body part and protrudes from the surface of the main body part, the protruding part is The part or the main body part is used to contain the liquid that does not leave the container.

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