TWI826763B - Method for providing a load structure, support for supporting a load structure and installing method thereof and pile and jacket for use in the installing method, and pile guiding frame for installing a support - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of installing a support for supporting a load structure, such as a wind turbine, a transformer platform, an oil or gas platform, thereon on a bed, floor or bottom of a sea, ocean, lake, harbor or river. The method comprises positioning, on the bed, floor or bottom, a pile guiding frame comprising at least three pile holding sections, wherein each pile holding section allows guiding and maintaining a pile along a pile guiding direction in a vertical orientation, and neighbouring and/or opposing pile holding sections are interconnected by mutually crossing diagonal cross beams; driving a pile through each pile holding section into the bed, floor or bottom such that each pile projects in an upward direction out of the bed, floor or bottom and out of its associated pile holding section over a projection length in the range of 1-10 times a diameter of the piles, and providing a jointly rigid structure of the pile holding frame and the piles; and providing a jacket on the piles projecting out of the pile holding sections.

Description

Methods for providing load-bearing structures, supports for supporting load-bearing structures and their installation Piles and sheathing used in methods and installation methods, and pile guide frames for mounting supports

The present invention relates to a support for mounting a load-bearing structure such as a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or gas platform on the bed, floor, or bottom of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river. method. The invention also relates to offshore supports and components thereof, and to methods of providing such load-bearing structures on a bed, floor, or bottom.

As energy demand increases, there has been considerable interest in the installation of offshore structures used to support wind turbine and transformer platforms as well as oil and gas platforms in recent years. A common form of offshore support structure consists of a self-contained multi-legged unit, offshore sheathing made of steel, which is driven into pre-driven or otherwise embedded piles or which has post-driven piles. , and then grouting to secure it to the seabed.

The sheathing is produced and assembled on land and then transported to an offshore base for installation. Given the considerable size of the sheaths, which can reach heights of tens of meters, considerable resources and substantial costs are involved in the production, assembly, inventory, logistics and unloading, transportation, and installation of these structures.

Usually, before the sheath is installed, a multi-purpose piling frame called a "piling formwork" is used. Piles with the function of fixing the sheath to the seabed are driven into the seabed by a hammer. The "piling formwork" is used after the piling operation is completed. will be removed. The use of this multi-purpose formwork means that in addition to the transport, storage and handling of the large offshore sheathing, a considerable amount of additional temporary resources must be provided.

Typically, after removal of the piling formwork and before installation of the offshore sheathing, the seabed material of the pre-driving piles needs to be cleared to a sufficient length to accommodate the offshore sheathing due to its limited protrusion above the seabed. The inserted part of the sleeve.

If a small number of wind turbines are to be installed in an upcoming wind farm (also known as a wind farm or wind farm), the use of multipurpose piling formwork that needs to be removed after the piling operation will mean that , and the economic and logistics costs related to installation/disassembly. Furthermore, using multi-purpose piling formwork as the formwork for installing the piles means that the footprint width of the multiple sheathings to be installed is constrained by the geometry of the multi-purpose piling formwork used to install the sheathing. Again, using multipurpose piling formwork as the formwork for installing the piles requires a complex system of measuring and adjusting the entire frame to accommodate any unevenness in the seabed to achieve consistent verticality of the piles.

For example, when installing an offshore wind farm, multiple individual wind turbines should be installed on the seabed, and their depth below the sea surface may vary throughout the wind farm. In order to be able to install wind turbines at the same height relative to the water surface, the sea depth must be taken into account, which will require foundations of jackets of various heights. Today, this involves sheathing made specifically for individual wind turbines, which is expensive and inefficient.

The object of the present invention is to overcome at least some of the above-mentioned disadvantages of known methods and apparatuses.

A further or alternative object of the present invention is to provide an alternative for producing, assembling, storing, loading, transporting, and/or installing a support structure comprising a sheath on, for example, a seabed, wherein the sheath is capable of supporting but Not limited to structures such as wind turbines, oil platforms, natural gas platforms, and/or transformer platforms.

A further or alternative object of the invention is to allow the installation of multiple sheathings of a wind farm without the need for expensive and complex multi-purpose piling formwork.

A further or alternative object of the present invention is to allow the installation of a sheath of smaller dimensions than conventional sheaths. The use of a smaller and lighter unit may reduce the associated costs associated with production, assembly, inventory, and transportation relative to commonly installed sheaths. , installation, and disassembly costs.

A further or alternative object of the invention is to allow the installation of a sheath, wherein the height of the sheath, relative to, for example, the seabed, may be adapted to allow suitable installation at various depths relative to the water surface.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of mounting a support for supporting a load-bearing structure, such as a wind turbine, on the bed, floor, or base of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river. or a transformer platform or an oil or gas platform. The method includes the steps of arranging a pile guide frame on the bed, floor, or base, wherein the pile guide frame includes at least three pile holders, optionally located around the outside of the pile guide frame, each pile holder Partially allowed along a pile guide direction Guide and hold a pile in a generally vertical orientation, with adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions interconnected by intersecting diagonal beams; passing a pile through each of the pile guide frames The pile holder is drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom such that each pile extends in an upward direction from the bed, floor, or bottom and extends from each pile holder to its associated pile holder. portions exceeding a protrusion length and providing a common rigid structure for the pile retaining frame and the piles drilled into the bed, floor, or base through each pile retaining portion, wherein the protrusion length is between 1 and 10 times, or optionally within a range of 2 to 5 times a diameter of the piles; and, a sheath is provided on the piles extending from the pile holder to provide a sheath on the piles It extends from the pile holding part and fixes the sheath to the piles, so that the piles bear the load of the sheath and the load of the load-bearing structure supported on the sheath.

In one embodiment, each pile is secured to its associated pile holder to provide a common rigid structure.

In one embodiment, each pile is secured to its associated pile retaining portion at the location where a pair of corner beams connect to the associated pile retaining portion.

In one embodiment, each pile is secured to its associated pile retaining portion at each location where a pair of corner beams connect to the associated pile retaining portion.

In one embodiment, each pile is secured to its associated pile retaining portion of the pile retaining frame at a top and a bottom end of the respective pile retaining portion.

In one embodiment, adjacent and/or opposing pile holders are interconnected by two intersecting diagonal beams, each pile being connected at a top and a bottom end of the respective pile holder.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal direction of each respective diagonal beam and the pile guide direction of a pile holder connected to the respective beam are bounded by a range of 25 to 65 degrees, optionally between 35 and 65 degrees. An angle of 55 degrees.

In one embodiment, horizontal beams are disposed between adjacent and/or opposing pile holders and are connected to the respective pile holders where a pair of angular cross beams connect to the pile holders.

In one embodiment, the bottom end of the sheath is positioned on the pile.

In one embodiment, the bottom end of the sheath includes downwardly projecting spikes, optionally located around the outside of the sheath, each spike being configured to couple with a top end of an associated pile of common rigid structure.

In one embodiment, each spike is inserted into the inner circumference of an associated post.

In one embodiment, each peg is inserted into the inner circumference of a spike, wherein the spike has a hollow cylindrical shape.

In one embodiment, the sheath includes a sheath support skirt, each spike is associated with a sheath support skirt, and wherein the sheath is disposed on the piles such that each sheath support skirt supported on the associated piles.

In one embodiment, the pile holding portions comprise hollow posts optionally equipped with centering fittings and an upwardly tapered pile spike at a top end of each pile holding portion for use during piling operations. Guidance is provided for the associated piles as they are inserted into the respective pile holders.

In one embodiment, the pile guide frame is provided with footings at each pile holding portion for supporting the pile guide frame on the bed, floor, or bottom, The footing optionally includes a system for adjusting a vertical position of each pile holder so as to achieve verticality of all pile holders.

In one embodiment, piles drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom are secured to the associated pile retaining portion of the pile guide frame by at least one of a grout connection or a mechanical connection.

In one embodiment, at least one protrusion of the sheath is secured to its associated component by at least one of a grout connection or a mechanical connection.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for providing a load structure (such as a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or natural gas platform), the method includes the method of installing an offshore support member according to any one of the preceding claims, and the step of arranging the load node on the sheath of the offshore support structure.

In another aspect, at least one of the above objects is provided by a sheath for supporting a load-bearing structure (on a bed, floor, or bottom of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, harbor, or river). For example, a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or gas platform) and used in the aforementioned support installation method, wherein the sheath is configured to be disposed on a common rigid structure of a pile guide frame, the pile guide The frame includes at least three pile holders, optionally located around an outer side of the pile guide frame, each pile holder allowing to guide and hold a pile in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guide direction, and adjacent and /or the opposing pile holding portions are interconnected by intersecting diagonal beams; and, for passing through the pile guide frame Each pile holder has piles drilled into the bed, floor, or base such that each pile extends in an upward direction from the bed, floor, or base and extends from each pile holder to an associated The pile holding portion exceeds a protrusion length, wherein the protrusion length is in the range of 1 to 10 times, optionally 2 to 5 times a diameter of the piles, and is provided on the common rigid structure on the piles so that the piles can bear the load of the sheath and the load of the load-bearing structure supported on the sheath.

In one embodiment, the sheath includes at least three, optionally sloped, interconnected columns, optionally located around the outside thereof, each column configured to provide access to a drilled hole in the bed, floor, or bottom. into the associated piles so that the load of the sheath is supported on the piles drilled into the bed, subsurface, or bottom.

In one embodiment, the sheath includes spikes disposed at the bottom end of each post, optionally at the outer periphery of the sheath, wherein each spike is configured to be positioned at the top end of an associated post. , or on top of the associated pile-fixed portion.

In one embodiment, at least one protrusion of the sheath is configured to be secured to the associated pile drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom through at least one of a grout connection or a mechanical connection.

In one embodiment, the spikes are configured to fit within an inner circumference of the associated pile.

In one embodiment, the spikes have a hollow cylindrical shape and are configured to allow an upper portion of an associated spike to be inserted therein such that each of the spikes fits on one side of the associated spike. in the inner circumference.

In one embodiment, at least one spike includes a sheath support skirt projecting in a substantially radial direction from at least a portion of an outer periphery of the at least one spike and configured to engage with the associated Pile coupling.

In one embodiment, the sheath is configured to project at least partially from the bed, bottom, or surface of a body of water above the bottom (eg, a sea, ocean, lake, harbor, or river) in its installed configuration.

In one embodiment, the jacket is configured to remain completely below the surface of a bed, floor, or body of water (eg, a sea, ocean, lake, harbor, or river) above a bed, floor, or bottom in its installed configuration.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a pile guide frame for use in the above method of installing a support, wherein the pile guide frame includes pile retaining portions, optionally at an outer periphery of the pile guide frame, each Each pile holding portion allows guiding and holding a pile in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guiding direction, and adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions are interconnected by mutually intersecting diagonal beams.

In one embodiment, the pile holding portions comprise hollow posts optionally equipped with centering fittings and an upwardly tapering pile cone at the top end of each pile holding portion, which is used when the pile is being driven during piling operations. Guidance is provided for the associated piles as they penetrate into the respective pile holding portions.

In one embodiment, the pile guide frame includes at least three pile retaining portions configured such that a circumference formed by each pile retaining portion forms a polygonal shape.

In one embodiment, adjacent and/or opposing pile holders are interconnected by two intersecting diagonal beams, each pile being connected at a top and a bottom end of a respective pile holder.

In one embodiment, the pile retaining portions are of substantially the same length, and wherein the bottom ends of the pile retaining portions are configured to be coplanar with a plane formed by the bed, floor, or base.

In one embodiment, the longitudinal direction of each respective diagonal beam and the pile guide direction of a pile holder connected to the respective beam are bounded by a range of 25 to 65 degrees, optionally between 35 and 65 degrees. An angle of 55 degrees.

In one embodiment, horizontal beams are disposed between adjacent and/or opposing pile holders and are connected to the respective pile holders where a pair of angular cross beams connect to the pile holders.

In one embodiment, to accommodate unevenness in the bed, floor, or bottom, the bottom end of at least one pile holder is not located by the bottom ends of remaining pile holders that are different from the at least one pile holder. formed within a plane.

In one embodiment, the pile guide frame is provided with footings at each pile holder for supporting the pile guide frame on the bed, floor, or bottom, the footings optionally including for adjusting each pile A system of holding parts in a vertical position in order to achieve verticality of all pile holding parts.

In yet another aspect, at least one of the above objects is achieved by a pile for use in the above method of installing an offshore support structure, the pile having a generally cylindrical shape and configured to support a The load on the sheathing and any structure to which it is mounted.

In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a means for supporting a load structure (such as a wind turbine or a transformer platform or a base) on the bed, floor, or base of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river. Supports for oil or gas platforms). The support structure includes a pile guide frame, wherein the pile guide frame is disposed on the bed, floor, or bottom, and includes at least three pile retaining portions, optionally located around the outside of the pile guide frame, each of the pile retaining portions. A pile is allowed to be guided and held in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guiding direction, and adjacent and/or opposite pile holding portions are interconnected by mutually intersecting diagonal beams. The support structure also includes piles, wherein each pile system is configured to be drilled into the bed through a respective one of the pile retaining portions of the pile retaining frame such that each pile exits from the bed in an upward direction. , bottom surface, or bottom protruding, and protruding from each pile holding portion to the pile holding portion associated with it by more than a protruding length, and the protruding length is between 1 and 10 times, or optionally between 2 and 5 times the diameter of the piles, and wherein the pile retaining frame and the piles drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom through each pile retaining portion provide a common rigid structure. Furthermore, the support structure includes a sheath, wherein the sheath is provided on the piles drilled into the seabed, bottom, or bottom, and is fixed to the piles such that the piles will withstand the force of the sheath. load and the load of the load-bearing structure supported on the sheathing.

10:Offshore sheathing

11: Spike

12: column

20:Pile guide frame

21:Pile holding part

22:Pile Thorn Cone

23:Footing

25: Diagonal beam

26: Horizontal beam

30: pile

100:Support structure

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description of the invention by way of non-limiting and non-exclusive examples. These examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection. Those skilled in the art will be able to It is understood that other alternatives and equivalent embodiments of the invention may be conceived and simplified for implementation without departing from the scope of the invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar or identical reference numerals indicate similar, identical or corresponding parts, and wherein FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively illustrate a device installed on the seabed according to the present invention. Top and side views of embodiments of the support; Figure 2A shows an isometric view of the support of Figures 1A and 1B, and Figures 2B, 2C, and 2D respectively show the sheath of the support of Figure 2A , piles, and pile guide frames; Figures 3A, 3B, and 3C show steps of an embodiment of a method of installing a support on the seabed according to the invention; and Figures 4A and 4B show a support Alternative embodiments of parts details.

The following detailed description relates to a support structure 100 installed on the bed, floor, or bottom of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river for supporting a load structure such as a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or gas platform. Methods. Embodiments will be described with reference to the "seabed," but the embodiments are generally applicable to oceans, lakes, harbours, riverbeds, or floors or bottoms, or any other associated bed, bottom, or floor, or the like. Embodiments will be further described with reference to "offshore" but generally this will apply to an offshore location, port, harbor or equivalent, or any other relevant location.

1A, 1B, and 2B schematically illustrate top and front views (Figs. 1A and 1B) and an isometric view (Fig. 2A) of an embodiment of an offshore support structure 100, which may be constructed using a method to install. The offshore support structure 100 includes an offshore sheath 10 , a pile guide frame 20 , and a plurality of piles 30 passing through a pile holding portion 21 of the pile guide frame 20 . The pile system is configured to support the load of the offshore sheath 10 and any load-bearing structure (eg, a wind turbine) mounted thereon. The offshore sheath 10 includes at least three columns 12 interconnected by a plurality of beams (or supports). The pile guide frame 20 includes on its outer circumference the same number of pile holders 21 as there are columns of the offshore sheath 10 , interconnected by diagonal transverse beams 25 and horizontal beams 26 . Each of the plurality of pile holding portions 21 is configured to restrain the pile 30 in the horizontal direction, thereby maintaining the pile in a generally vertical orientation. Optionally, each pile holder 21 includes a pile thorn cone 22 at the top of each pile holder, which pile thorn cone 22 is inserted into the respective pile holder during piling operations. Guidance is provided for the associated pile 30 .

The elements of the offshore support structure 100, namely, the pile guide frame 20, the piles 30, and the offshore sheathing 10, are transported on a ship or barge to the offshore installation site, and are installed there by crane or the like. on the seabed. As shown in Figure 3A, the pile guide frame 20 is lowered to the seabed. In the embodiment shown, the pile guide frame 20 includes at least three interconnected pile holders 21 at an outer circumference of the pile guide frame 20 , wherein a circumference adjacent the seabed formed by the bottom ends of the pile holders may have The shape of any regular or irregular polygon reflects the shape of the offshore sheathing to be placed over the piles. Pile holding part 21 They are interconnected by diagonal cross beams 25 and horizontal beams 26 to maintain a mutually fixed position and parallelism between the pile holders and to provide rigidity.

The pile guide frame 20 is used during piling operations to eliminate the use of removable piling formwork. Additionally, the pile guide frame 20 provides stiffness and strength to the piles. The use of such a permanent pile guide frame 20 allows the spacing of the plurality of piles used to support the offshore jacket 10 to be customized to suit the water depth and seabed conditions at each individual location.

In the embodiment shown, the pile guide frame 20 includes footings 23 configured to contact the seabed and provide stability to the pile guide frame 20 . The footings 23 include a system for adjusting the vertical position of each pile holder 21 to achieve verticality of the piles 30 and ultimately the support structure 100 according to the unevenness of the seabed at the installation location. The footings 23 may be provided corresponding to each of the pile holders 21 or may be positioned outside or inside the perimeter formed by the bottom ends of the pile holders. In these cases, the footings 23 are connected to the pile guide frame 20 by brackets or equivalent.

The present invention includes all embodiments in which the number of pile holders is greater than two, that is, the invention is not limited to three pile holders 21 as shown in the embodiment in Figures 1A to 2D, or to Figures 3A to 3D Four pile holding portions 21 are shown in the embodiment in 4B.

In another embodiment, the pile retaining portions 21 are of substantially the same length and are configured such that the bottom end of their retaining portion is coplanar near the seabed with a plane formed by the seabed. However, in alternative embodiments, where the seabed is uneven or sloped, the pile holders may be of different lengths.

Each pile holding portion 21 is configured to allow the guiding of the pile 30 and its maintenance of a substantially vertical orientation along the guiding direction G. In the embodiment shown, the pile retaining portion 21 includes a hollow column configured to receive the piles and equipped with a centering fitting to drive the associated piles into their respective locations during piling operations. The pile holder guides the associated pile. Furthermore, the pile holders 21 are equipped with means for permanent fixing to the piles by grouting or alternative mechanical fixing means, for example by clamping the piles in the respective pile holders through the use of wedges or hydraulic pistons. system. In particular, the pile 30 is fixed to the pile holder 21 at the top and bottom ends of the pile holder 21 and at the position A where the diagonal cross member 25 is connected to the associated pile holder, so as to align the pile guide frame 20 The structure and the piles 30 passing through and fixed to the pile holders provide strength and rigidity. Further strength and rigidity can be provided by having diagonal beams 25 attached to the top and bottom ends of respective pile holders, and having the longitudinal direction of each respective diagonal beam 25 and the connection to the respective beam. The pile guide direction G of the pile holder 21 encloses an angle α, which is in the range of 25 to 65 degrees, optionally in the range of 35 to 55 degrees. The pile guide frame 20 also has horizontal beams 26 connected between the pile holders at those points connecting to the diagonal cross beams 25 to further increase the strength and rigidity of the common rigid structure.

According to Figure 3B, when the pile guide frame 20 is in position on the seabed, it serves as a template for performing piling operations. The piles 30 are drilled into the seabed through each of the pile holders 21 such that, in their final position, each pile 30 projects in an upward direction from its associated pile holder 21 , that is, so that One end of each pile projects from the associated pile holder 21 towards the sea.

Piles 30 having a tubular shape are drilled into the seabed to a sufficient depth to be able to secure the offshore sheath 10 to the seabed and to be able to support the load of the offshore sheath 10 and any structures installed thereon. The piles 30 are drilled into the seabed so as to extend considerably above the seabed and also above the pile guide frame 20, thus allowing the use of a shorter offshore sheath 10 than would normally be used. It also allows for a constant and selected distance of the top of the offshore sheath relative to the sea surface, with different sea depths, and the distribution of the pile guide frames, piles, and supports of the offshore sheath on the seabed. Depending on the specific application and situation, the protruding length P (or protruding length) of the pile above the pile holding portion 21 of the pile guide frame 20 can be in the range of 1 to 10 times the pile diameter D, in particular the pile diameter 2 to 5 times. In the embodiment shown, the piles extend above the pile holder 21 by a projecting length P that exceeds approximately 3.5 times the pile diameter D. The common rigid structure of the pile guide frame and the piles fixed to the frame allows the piles to protrude largely upward from the pile guide frame. The diameter of the pile can be any value, but is usually in the range of 2 to 3 meters, which means that under favorable conditions the protruding length or projecting length P can be as high as 20 to 30 meters. Typically, the extension length P will be in the range of 2 to 10 meters. The pile guide frame 20 may have a height of, for example, 20 meters for application in water depths of, for example, 45 meters. The fact that the piles extend above the seabed implies the additional advantage that the piles do not need to be drained before the offshore sheathing 10 is set over them.

As shown in Figure 3C, the offshore sheath 10 in the illustrated embodiment includes a plurality of branches or columns 12 interconnected by beams, struts, or equivalent, the branches or columns 12 being configured to move between the plurality of branches. maintain mutually fixed positions. The offshore sheath 10 may also include spikes 11 on its outer periphery, It corresponds to the bottom end of each branch 12 . The pile guide frame 20 together with the piles 30 driven through the pile holding portion 21 of the pile guide frame 20 form a common rigid structure that limits pile movement.

The offshore sheath 10 is lowered from the vessel towards the piles 30 driven through the pile holders 21 so that each of the spikes 11 is provided and secured to an associated pile 30 driven into the seabed. The pile 30 is placed on the pile 30 so that the offshore sheath 10 at least partially protrudes from the water surface W. Each spike 11 is connected to its associated pile 30 by a grout connection or a mechanical connection. Alternatively, the offshore jacket 10 may be installed at a location below the water surface W.

The offshore sheath 10 may be secured to the piles 30 by at least one of a grout connection or a mechanical connection. The piles 30 provide support for the loads of the offshore sheath 10 and any structures installed thereon when the offshore sheath 10 is in its final position.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A , each of the spikes 11 fits into an inner periphery of the associated post 30 . Furthermore, at least one of the spikes 11 may include a sheath support skirt 13 projecting in a substantially radial direction from at least a portion of the outer circumference of the spike 11 and configured to couple to the associated stake 30 to connect and optionally transfer the load of the offshore sheath 10. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4B, the spikes 11 have a hollow cylindrical shape and are configured to allow insertion of the upper portion of the associated piles 30 such that each of the piles 30 is fitted into the associated pile. In an inner circumference of the spine 11.

10:Offshore sheathing

11: Spike

12: column

20:Pile guide frame

21:Pile holding part

25: Diagonal beam

26: Horizontal beam

30: pile

100:Support structure

Claims (40)

A support structure (100) for supporting a load structure (such as a wind turbine or a transformer platform or an oil or gas platform) is installed on a bed, floor, such as a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river , or a method on the bottom (B), the method comprising the following steps: arranging a pile guide frame (20) on the bed, bottom, or bottom (B), wherein the pile guide frame (20) includes at least three Pile holding portions (21) The at least three pile holding portions (21) are located around an outer side of the pile guide frame, each pile holding portion allowing guiding and holding in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guiding direction. A pile (30), and adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions are interconnected by intersecting diagonal beams (25), wherein each pile (30) has a diameter in the range of 2 to 3 meters. a diameter; driving a pile (30) through each pile holder (21) of the pile guide frame (20) into the bed, floor, or bottom such that each pile exits the bed in an upward direction , base, or base extending from each pile retaining portion beyond a protrusion length (P) from its associated pile retaining portion, and providing the pile retaining frame with a frame driven through the bed, base , or a common rigid structure of the piles in each pile holding portion in the bottom, wherein the extension length is in the range of 2 to 5 times a diameter of the piles; and a sheath (10) is provided over the The piles are extended out of the pile retaining portion, and the sheaths are fixed to the piles, so that the piles bear the load of the sheaths and the load of the load-bearing structures supported on the sheaths. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each pile (30) is secured to its associated pile holder (21) to provide a common rigid structure. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein each pile (30) is secured to its associated pile holder (21) at the location where a pair of angular beams are connected to the associated pile holder. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each pile (30) is secured to its associated pile holder (21) at each location where a pair of corner beams are connected to the associated pile holder. . The method of claim 1, wherein each pile is secured to its associated pile holding portion (21) of the pile holding frame (20) at a top and a bottom end of a respective pile holding portion. ). The method of claim 1, wherein adjacent and/or opposite pile holding parts are interconnected by two mutually intersecting diagonal beams. The method of claim 1, wherein a longitudinal direction of each respective diagonal beam and the pile guiding direction of a pile holding portion connected to the respective beam are within a range of 35 to 55 degrees. An angle. The method of claim 1, wherein a horizontal beam (26) is disposed between adjacent and/or opposing pile holders (21), and a pair of corner beams (25) are connected to the piles. At the location of the holding portion, the horizontal beam (26) is connected to the respective pile holding portion. The method of claim 1, wherein a bottom of the sheath The ends are set on these piles. The method of claim 9, wherein at least one protrusion (11) of the sheath (10) is fixed to the piles through at least one of a grouting connection and a mechanical connection. The method of claim 9, wherein the bottom end of the sheath includes downwardly protruding spikes (11). The spikes (11) are around the outside of the sheath, and each of the spikes (11) ) is arranged to couple with a top end of an associated pile of the common rigid structure. The method of claim 11, wherein each protrusion (11) is inserted into an inner circumference of the associated pile (30). The method of claim 11, wherein each pile (30) is inserted into an inner circumference of the spike (11), wherein the spike has a hollow cylindrical shape. The method of claim 12, wherein the sheath (10) includes a sheath support skirt (13), each spike is associated with a sheath support skirt, and wherein the sheath is disposed on the on several piles such that each sheath support skirt is supported on the associated pile. The method of claim 1, wherein the pile holding parts (21) comprise hollow columns, the hollow columns are equipped with centering fittings, and an upward gradient at a top end of each pile holding part (21) A retracted pile spike cone (22) is provided to provide a guide for the associated pile as it is driven into a respective pile holder during piling operations. The method of claim 1, wherein the pile guide frame (20) is provided with a footing (23) at each pile holding portion (21), For supporting the pile guide frame (20) on the bed, floor, or base (B), the footings (23) include a system for adjusting a vertical position of each pile holder (21) , in order to achieve the verticality of all pile holding parts (21). The method of claim 1, wherein a pile (40) driven into the bed, floor, or bottom (B) is secured to the bed, floor, or base (B) by at least one of a grouting connection or a mechanical connection. on the associated pile holding portion (21) of the pile guide frame (20). A method for providing a load structure (such as a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or gas platform) on a bed, floor, or bottom (B), such as a sea, ocean, lake, port, or river , the method includes a method of installing an offshore support structure (100) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17, and providing the load-bearing structure to the sheath (10) of the offshore support structure (100) above steps. A jacket (10) for supporting a load-bearing structure (such as a wind turbine or transformer platform or an oil or natural gas platform) and for use in a method of installation of a support structure (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the sheath is configured to be provided on a common rigid structure of a pile guide frame , the pile guide frame includes at least three pile holders (21) located around an outer side of the pile guide frame, each pile holder allowing to guide and hold a pile in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guide direction. (30), and the phase adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions are interconnected by intersecting diagonal beams, wherein each pile (30) has a diameter in the range of 2 to 3 meters; and, for passing through the pile Piles drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom are guided through each pile holder of the frame such that each pile extends in an upward direction from the bed, floor, or bottom and from each pile holder. The associated pile holding portion exceeds a protruding length, wherein the protruding length is in the range of 2 to 5 times a diameter of the piles and is provided on the piles of the common rigid structure so that The piles bear the load of the sheath and the load-bearing structure supported on the sheath. The sheath (10) of claim 19, wherein the sheath includes at least three inclined, interconnected columns (12) located around its outer side, each of the columns (12) being Configured to be provided on an associated pile (30) drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom (B) such that the load of the sheath (10) is supported while being drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom (B). B) on the piles (30). The sheath (10) according to any one of claims 19 to 20, including: a protrusion (11), which is provided at a bottom end of each column, and the protrusions (11) are located on the sheath. An outer periphery of the sleeve, wherein each spike is configured to be disposed on a top end of an associated pile (30) or a top end of an associated pile holding portion. The sheath (10) of claim 21, wherein at least one protrusion (11) of the sheath (10) is configured to be fixed to the associated pile (30) by a grout connection or a At least one of the mechanical connections is drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom (B). The sheath of claim 21, wherein the spike (11) is configured to fit in an inner circumference of the associated pile (30). The sheath of claim 21, wherein the spikes (11) have a hollow cylindrical shape and are configured to allow insertion of an upper portion of the associated piles (30), such that the piles ( Each of 30) fits into an inner circumference of the associated spike (11). The sheath of claim 23, wherein at least one spike (11) includes a sheath support skirt (13) extending from an outer periphery of the at least one spike (11). At least a portion projects in a generally radial direction and is configured to couple with the associated pile (30). Sheathing as claimed in claim 19, wherein the sheathing (10) is configured, in its installed configuration, at least partially from a surface above the bed, floor or bottom (B) such as a sea, ocean, The water surface (W) of a large amount of water such as a lake, port, or river protrudes. The sheath of claim 19, wherein the sheath (10) is configured, in its installed configuration, to remain completely above the bed, bottom, or bottom (B) such as a sea, ocean, lake, Below the water surface (W) of a large amount of water such as a port or a river. A pile guide frame (20) in a method for installing a support structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the pile guide frame includes a pile holding portion (21) located on the pile guide around an outer side of the frame (20), each pile holding portion allows guiding and holding a pile (30) in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guiding direction, and Adjacent and/or opposite pile holding portions are interconnected by intersecting diagonal beams, wherein each pile (30) has a diameter in the range of 2 to 3 meters. The pile guide frame of claim 28, wherein the pile holding parts (21) comprise hollow columns, the hollow columns are equipped with centering fittings, and at a top end of each pile holding part (21) An upwardly tapering spur cone (22) configured to guide the associated pile as it is driven into the respective pile retaining portion during piling operations. pile. Pile guide frame (20) according to any one of claims 28 to 29, wherein the pile guide frame includes at least three pile holders, configured such that each pile holder (21) constitutes A polygonal shape is formed around it. A pile guide frame (20) as claimed in claim 28, wherein adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions are interconnected by two mutually intersecting diagonal beams. The pile guide frame (20) of claim 28, wherein the pile retaining portions are of substantially the same length, and wherein the bottom ends of the pile retaining portions are configured to engage with the bed, bottom surface, or bottom (B) The plane formed is coplanar. The pile guide frame (20) according to claim 28, wherein a longitudinal direction of each respective diagonal beam and the pile guide direction of a pile holding portion connected to the respective beam are enclosed within a range of Within an angle of 35 to 55 degrees. Pile guide frame (20) according to claim 28, wherein a horizontal beam (26) is arranged between adjacent and/or opposite pile holders (21) and between a pair of corner beams (25) At the location connected to the pile holders, the horizontal beam (26) is connected to the respective pile holder. The pile guide frame (20) of claim 28, wherein in order to accommodate unevenness of the bed, floor, or bottom, the bottom end of the at least one pile holder is not formed by a structure other than the remainder of the at least one pile holder. in a plane formed by the bottom end of the pile holding part. The pile guide frame (20) according to claim 28, wherein the pile guide frame (20) is provided with a foot (23) at each pile holding portion for supporting the pile guide frame (20) on On the bed, floor, or bottom, the footing includes a system for adjusting a vertical position of each pile holder (21) so as to achieve verticality of all pile holders (21). The pile guide frame (20) of claim 28, wherein the pile retaining portions are configured to secure a pile drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom through a respective pile retaining portion to The individual pile holders. The pile guide frame (20) of claim 28, wherein the pile retaining portions are configured to place a pile drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom through a respective pile retaining portion in a Diagonal beams are secured to the respective pile holders at locations connected to the associated pile holders. A method for use as described in any one of claims 1 to 17 The installation method of the offshore support structure (100) uses piles (30) that have a generally cylindrical shape and are configured to support the load of a sheath (10) and any structure installed thereon. A support structure for supporting a load structure, such as a wind turbine or a transformer platform or an oil or gas platform, on the bed, floor, or bottom (B) of, for example, a sea, ocean, lake, port or river (100), the support structure includes: a pile guide frame (20), the pile guide frame (20) is as described in any one of claims 28 to 38, wherein the pile guide frame is arranged on the bed, bottom surface , or on the bottom (B), and includes at least three pile holding parts (21) located around an outer side of the pile guide frame (20), each pile holding part (21) 21) Allowing a pile (30) to be guided and held in a substantially vertical orientation along a pile guiding direction, with adjacent and/or opposing pile holding portions interconnected by mutually intersecting diagonal beams, wherein each pile (30) has a diameter in the range of 2 to 3 meters; piles (30) as claimed in claim 39, wherein each pile is arranged to pass through the pile holding Each of the pile retaining portions (21) of the frame (20) enters the bed, floor, or bottom (B) such that each pile (30) moves in an upward direction from the bed, floor, or floor. , or bottom protruding, and protruding from each pile holding portion to its associated pile holding portion by more than a protruding length, and the protruding length is in the range of 2 to 5 times a diameter of the piles, and wherein the pile retaining frame and the piles drilled through each pile retaining portion into the bed, floor, or bottom provide a common rigid structure; and a sheath (10) as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 27, wherein the sheath is provided when drilled into the bed, floor, or bottom ( B) on the piles (30) and fixed to the piles so that the piles can bear the load of the sheath and the load of the load-bearing structure supported on the sheath.

Images