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TWI812713B - 啟動加氫脫硫區段的方法 - Google Patents

啟動加氫脫硫區段的方法 Download PDF

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TWI812713B
TWI812713B TW108116397A TW108116397A TWI812713B TW I812713 B TWI812713 B TW I812713B TW 108116397 A TW108116397 A TW 108116397A TW 108116397 A TW108116397 A TW 108116397A TW I812713 B TWI812713 B TW I812713B
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培 尤爾 達爾
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丹麥商托普索公司
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
    • C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
    • C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
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Abstract

在啟動加氫脫硫區段之方法中，包含以下步驟：提供天然氣饋料，將天然氣饋料通過重組器之廢熱區段，從而加熱天然氣饋料，及將經加熱之天然氣饋料通過加氫脫硫區段，從而加熱加氫脫硫區段，同時產生經脫硫之天然氣流，一部分經脫硫之天然氣流係用作重組器之燃料，而其餘經脫硫之天然氣係再循環至廢熱區段上游至少一點。

Description

啟動加氫脫硫區段的方法
本發明係關於一種啟動加氫脫硫區段之新穎方法。在本發明之上下文中，「加氫脫硫區段」可為任何工業設備之一部分，例如，加氫脫硫區段與隨後的天然氣燃燒重組器及/或天然氣燃燒加熱器，諸如-但不限於-氨、甲醇、氫氣、合成氣或ATR方法設備。
加氫脫硫（hydrodesulfurization；HDS）為一種催化化學方法，其廣泛地用於自天然氣及再精煉石油產物（諸如汽油（gasoline）或汽油（petrol）、噴射機燃料、煤油、柴油燃料及燃料油）中移除硫。烴饋料中之硫為大多數合成氣生成方法及基於合成氣之方法（諸如Haber-Bosch氨方法及甲醇方法）之催化劑毒物。此外，移除硫及產生諸如超低硫柴油之產物之目的為減少在汽車、飛機、鐵路火車、船舶、燃氣或燃油發電廠、住宅及工業爐、以及其他形式之燃料燃燒中使用此等燃料而產生的二氧化硫（SO2 ）排放。
各種先前技術文獻係與加氫脫硫方法有關。因此，US 7.074.375 B2描述一種藉由選擇性部分氧化及吸附而將烴氣脫硫之方法。此外，US 8.187.366 B2描述藉由將氣體與吸附劑接觸而將天然氣脫硫，EP 2 609 175 B1描述一種加氫脫硫方法，其具有選定的液體再循環以減少重組硫醇之形成。
傳統上，在啟動包含加氫脫硫區段之天然氣重組區段期間，使用經單流加熱之天然氣（natural gas；NG）。本領域亦已知經加熱之NG在閉合迴路中再循環，其中經脫硫之NG至少循環通過重組器之廢熱區段（加熱環狀NG）及加氫脫硫區段。然而，此將致使加氫脫硫區段之氫化作用部分中之催化劑脫硫，此將對一旦加熱時之氫化作用之效率產生負面影響。
常態甲醇設備啟動需要約9至14個小時來將加氫脫硫區段加熱至最佳化溫度以活化加氫脫硫催化劑，然後將NG饋入至重組器以進行進一步處理。由於NG被用於加熱，並且在單流之情況下，亦同時被排放至火炬（flare），現有的啟動方法浪費了大量的NG，此對環境產生負面影響並且亦減少了設備之整體效率。
因此，需要一種有效地再循環NG而不將NG排放至火炬系統之方法。再循環NG直到加氫脫硫區段達到所需溫度可增加整體設備效率，提高產量，節省大量的NG並且減少設備之碳足跡。此為美國專利9.708.235 B2之主題。
然而，US 9.708.235 B2所描述之方法具有負面結果，即氫化器催化劑將被脫硫，此反過來又致使催化劑失去其氫化能力。此將不可避免地對加熱後之設備運行產生負面影響，或者，其會將硫添加至氫化器中。
現已經證明，若將一部分循環NG分離並且將其用作饋料重組器中之燃料，則可避免此種現象。此為有利的，因為含硫之NG不斷地被饋入至加熱迴路，同時，由於一部分經脫硫之NG簡單地替換了含硫之NG燃料至重組器，因此避免NG至火炬之任何通道。
該替代程序之另一個優點為顯著降低硫之排放。
在本發明之第一態樣中，提供一種方法，藉由該方法避免催化劑在加氫脫硫區段之氫化部分中脫硫。
在本發明之第二態樣中，提供一種方法，該方法限制來自重組區段之硫通過煙道氣排放。
在本發明之第三態樣中，提供一種方法，該方法限制來自重組區段之CO2 通過煙道氣排放。
此等及其他優點係由啟動加氫脫硫區段之方法所提供，該方法包含以下步驟： -    提供天然氣饋料， -    將天然氣饋料通過重組器之廢熱區段，從而加熱天然氣饋料， -    將經加熱之天然氣饋料通過加氫脫硫區段，從而加熱加氫脫硫區段，同時產生經脫硫之天然氣流，及 -    提供一部分經脫硫之天然氣流作為重組器之燃料，及將其餘經脫硫之天然氣再循環至廢熱區段上游至少一點。
當一部分經脫硫之天然氣用作重組器之燃料時，需要新鮮天然氣流以保持啟動迴路中之天然氣流。由於新鮮天然氣流含有硫，因此避免了加氫脫硫區段中脫氫催化劑之脫硫。此外，由於將來自加氫脫硫區段之經脫硫之天然氣用作重組器之燃料，經由煙道氣之硫排放非常有限。而且，由於煙道氣不含硫或硫含量非常有限，煙道氣之溫度可保持較低，從而減少來自重組區段之CO2 排放。
較佳地，天然氣饋料之流量保持足夠高以確保避免加氫脫硫區段中脫氫化催化劑之脫硫。只要在啟動加氫脫硫區段期間天然氣饋料之流量足夠高以確保氫化催化劑在加氫脫硫區段達到所需的溫度時硫化，天然氣饋料之流量可變化或保持恆定。特別較佳地，新鮮天然氣饋料之流量確保在氫化器入口處之硫平均含量高於0.05 ppm。
在較佳具體實例中，將該啟動方法繼續直到離開脫硫區段之經脫硫之天然氣之溫度（即加氫脫硫區段之溫度）在300至400℃之間，典型地為360℃，隨後提供其餘經脫硫之天然氣作為重組器之饋料，並且開始重組區段。
本發明之啟動加氫脫硫區段之方法可用於任何設備或與任何技術相關聯，其中加氫脫硫區段係藉由天然氣燃燒之重組器或加熱器，諸如氨、甲醇、氫氣、合成氣或ATR設備或方法來完成。
在下面之表1中提供天然氣（NG）流量、硫（S）含量及加熱迴路中之流溫度之示例性值。自該等數字可看出，作為重組器燃料（4）離開迴路之天然氣係由新鮮天然氣饋料（1）補充。
表1
當來自重組器之煙道氣具有非常低的硫含量（理想地完全不含硫）時，則可以較低的重組器煙道氣出口溫度操作重組器。此意指可減少NG消耗及CO2 排放。
與先前已知之主要差異在於，一部分經脫硫之再循環NG流係用作重組器之燃料。如此就可確保含硫之NG不斷地送至氫化器中，從而將催化劑保持活性並且隨時可使用。
無
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Claims (4)

  1. 一種啟動加氫脫硫區段之方法，其包含以下步驟：- 提供天然氣(NG)饋料，- 將該天然氣饋料通過重組器之廢熱區段，從而加熱該天然氣饋料，- 將該經加熱之天然氣饋料通過包含氫化部分的加氫脫硫區段，從而加熱該加氫脫硫區段，同時產生經脫硫之天然氣，及- 提供一部分該經脫硫之天然氣作為重組器之燃料，其中將含硫之NG不斷地送至氫化器中，及將其餘該經脫硫之天然氣再循環至該廢熱區段上游至少一點。
  2. 如請求項1所述之方法，其中新鮮天然氣饋料之流量確保在氫化器入口處之硫平均含量高於0.05ppm。
  3. 如請求項1或2所述之方法，其中將該啟動方法繼續直到離開該加氫脫硫區段之該經脫硫之天然氣之溫度(即該加氫脫硫區段之溫度)在300至400℃之間，隨後提供其餘該經脫硫之天然氣作為該重組器之饋料，並且開始重組區段。
  4. 如請求項3所述之方法，其中將該啟動方法繼續直到離開該加氫脫硫區段之該經脫硫之天然氣之溫度(即該加氫脫硫區段之溫度)為360℃，隨後提供其餘該經脫硫之天然氣作為該重組器之饋料，並且開始重組區段。
TW108116397A 2018-06-27 2019-05-13 啟動加氫脫硫區段的方法 TWI812713B (zh)

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