TWI870880B - Agricultural nano-mulch film and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

The agricultural nano-film and its manufacturing method of the present invention can provide a film and its manufacturing method that can gradually release or/and convert nutrients required by plants in accordance with the degradation level and time schedule during the agricultural process, and can prevent the photosynthetic growth of weeds. The film and its manufacturing method are made of lipid-generated materials with degradation effects, mixed with dry fertilizer particles with nano-scale and plant dry particles, and then subjected to hot coating to generate a film with nano-fertilizers or/and nano-plant fibers evenly distributed in the upper and lower layers. When used in agriculture, the film gradually releases the plant nutrients contained in it to the soil according to the degradation level from the shady side of the ground to the top in a differentiated time schedule.

Description

Agricultural nano-mulch film and its manufacturing method

The agricultural nano-mulch film and its manufacturing method of the present invention can provide a mulch film and its manufacturing method that can gradually release or/and transform the nutrients required by plants in accordance with the degradation level differentiation schedule during the agricultural process, and can prevent the photosynthetic growth of weeds.

In order to prevent weeds from growing, agricultural plants are covered with plastic film on the surface of the field away from the planting area. In addition to preventing weeds from growing, the plastic film also maintains soil moisture and prevents insects from growing.

Traditionally used mulch films are made of high-molecular plastic materials that are blown and then cut into films. Since the material is a plasticized polymer, it will cause plastic pollution to the soil after use. New mulch films made of degradable materials can greatly improve the plastic pollution to the soil. Plant fragments are added in the hope that they will be released during the degradation process of the mulch film and converted into nutrients required by plants. The particle size of the fragments is large and obviously visible to the naked eye. Compared with the thickness of the mulch film, it is thin. Therefore, the particle size is large in proportion to the thickness of the mulch film. Sand holes or plant fiber deflocculation will form on the surface of the mulch film. The defects formed will cause tension weaknesses, greatly affecting the tensile strength of the mulch film. In addition, after the plant fibers are released, they still need to be corroded by bacteria to decompose and convert into nutrient elements.

Regarding the production of conventional ground film, there is a method of blowing air pressure, where the hot-melt substrate is expanded by air pressure to become thinner, and then cut into a film like a plastic bag. Since the plant particles are relatively large in size compared to the thickness of the ground film, and the size is about one-tenth of the film thickness, the plant fiber body does not have the ability to spread, and the contact surface with the hot-melt substrate will peel off due to different deformation rates, causing holes in the film surface. Even if the ratio is not enough to cause holes, the fiber body structure will be exposed on the film surface, and external force will intervene during the rolling or laying operation, which will cause deflocculation. If the deflocculation is not achieved, the protruding fibers on the film surface will also cause the film surface to be rough.

In addition, due to the small ratio of coarse fibers to film thickness, the volume space occupied on the film surface is large, which results in film structural defects on the surface or inside of the film layer, and obviously causes linkage between the molecules of the substrate.

The mulch film is made by hot rolling and hot laminating. Hot laminating is convenient for making thin thickness. In this method, the mulch film is previously rolled or hot-filmed by a roller R with a clamping force as shown in FIG1 to restructure the molecular bonding and thin the film. During the rolling process, there is air inside the plant particles 21 contained in the mulch film 800 in the hot film state. After being rolled by the roller R, the air will flow out, and through the pressure balance and damping factors, the bubbles 22 squeezed out normally will be transferred to the surface of the mulch film 800, and the cross-section of the mulch film 800 to which the bubbles 22 belong will form a thick defect and produce a tension weakness, which is not conducive to tensile resistance and loses tension strength.

As shown in FIG. 2 , since the plant particles 21 are usually located on the surface of the ground film 800 regardless of whether they are made by blowing or laminating, the cross section of the ground film 800 occupied by the plant particles 21 also forms a defect in thickness, resulting in a tensile weakness.

Please refer to Figure 3 again. The two plant fragments 21 adjacent to each other inside the ground film 800 have large particle sizes and occupy a large volume. Therefore, the adjacent area of the two plant fragments 21 forms a polymerization defect of the ground film 800 at the horizontal section of the ground film 800, and produces a tensile weakness. If the plant fragments 21 are in large quantities, they will be blown apart during the blowing process due to the above-mentioned weakness. In addition, if the plant fragments 21 are large, they will need to wait for the transformation time after the ground film 800 degrades and contacts the soil to obtain the required nutrient elements, but this time may be delayed beyond the plant maturity and harvest period.

The agricultural nano-mulch film and its manufacturing method of the present invention can provide a mulch film and its manufacturing method that can gradually release or/and transform the nutrients required by plants in accordance with the degradation level differentiation schedule during the agricultural process, and can prevent the photosynthetic growth of weeds. In a preparation stage A, the fertilizer dry particles and plant dry particles are subjected to dry pneumatic catalysis to form nano-sized particles, and then the prepared degradation materials are uniformly mixed in a granulation stage, and then a hot melt extrusion process is performed to generate a master batch. The master batch is used in a film-forming stage to form a mulch film by laminating. The main purpose of the mulch film when used in agriculture is to gradually release nutrients.

Another purpose of the present invention is to use 3-8% of the above-mentioned fertilizer dry particles, 1-8% of plant dry particles, and 50-75% of degradable materials, and to mix fillers, which include talcum powder, nano calcium oxide, and a large amount of nano carbon black.

The third purpose of the present invention is to add a dispersant such as a lubricant, a dispersant or a chain expander during the mixing operation.

The fourth purpose of the present invention is to homogenize the particle size of the above materials to less than 45 microns.

The fifth purpose of the present invention is to fill more than 2% of nano bamboo carbon in the nano fiber prepared in the preparation stage, and the particle size of the bamboo carbon is less than 45 microns.

The sixth object of the present invention is that the degradable material is PBAT, the fertilizer dry particles are potassium phosphate, and the plant dry particles are plant dry particles containing silicon dioxide, such as rice.

The seventh purpose of the present invention is to prepare nano-carbon black in the preparation stage, which has a light-blocking effect after being formed in the granulation stage and the film-forming stage, thereby preventing the photosynthetic growth of weeds in the area covered by the ground film.

The eighth purpose of the present invention is that the dry nanocatalytic process uses high-energy fluid and high-speed blades to generate high-speed stirring energy inside a pressure cylinder to perform dry nanocatalysis on the processed object.

10: Fertilizer dry granules

11: Dry nanocatalysis operation

12: Hoarding

13: Allocation operation

100:Nano fertilizer

101: First degradation layer

102: Second degradation layer

103: The third degradation layer

104: The fourth degradation level

20: Plant dry grains

21: Plant particles

22: Bubbles

200:Nanofiber implants

30: Degradable materials

300: Degradable material

40: Plant carbon particles

400:Nano carbon fiber

50: Mixed operation

60: Hot melt extrusion manufacturing industry

61: Cool down

62: Pelletizing operation

600: Masterbatch

70: Hot melt extrusion operation

71: Feed the machine head

80: Laminating operation

81: Cooling and shaping process

82: Laminating head

83:Transfer unit

84: Film rolling device

85: Adjustment unit

86: Cooling device

87: Reeling device

800: Ground film

90: Planting soil

A: Preparation phase

B: Granulation stage

C: Film formation stage

R: Roller

201:Nano bamboo carbon

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the commonly used ground film.

Figure 2 is one of the schematic diagrams of the structure of the commonly used ground film.

Figure 3 is the second schematic diagram of the structure of the commonly used ground film.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the manufacturing process of the present invention.

Figure 5 is a simplified diagram of the laminating operation system of the present invention.

Figure 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the manufacturing process of the present invention.

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the agricultural use process of the mulch film of the present invention.

The agricultural nano-film and its manufacturing method of the present invention provide a film and its manufacturing method that can gradually release or/and convert the nutrients required by the plants in the agricultural process according to the degradation level division schedule, and can prevent the photosynthetic growth of weeds. The film manufacturing method of the present invention is shown in Figure 4, which is mainly divided into a preparation stage A, a granulation stage B, and a film forming stage C. The preparation stage A is equipped with fertilizer dry particles 10, plant dry particles 20 and degradation materials 30, and the degradation materials 30 PBAT is taken for storage 12, wherein the fertilizer dry particles 10 are dry materials, and the plant dry particles 20 are crushed plant dry particles, which are respectively catalyzed into nanometer scale through dry nanocatalysis process 11, and nano fertilizer 100 and nano fiber 200 are respectively formed. The dry nanocatalysis process 11 is operated by high-speed gas impact, and after completion, storage 12 is performed separately. The degree of nanoization of the above elements is below 45 microns.

Granulation stage B is to distribute the dry nano fertilizer 100, nano fiber 200, and degradable material 30 completed in the above stage according to the proportion through the mixing operation 13, and then obtain the allocation amount from the storage position 12 and perform a collective mixing operation 50, wherein the volume ratio of the degradable material 30 is 50-75%, the nano fiber 200 is 1-8%, and the nano fertilizer 100 is 3-8%. After being fully mixed through the mixing operation 50, a hot melt extrusion manufacturing operation 60 is performed. The hot melt extrusion manufacturing operation 60 can use a double-tube screw extrusion device to extrude the above mixture into strips. The strips are shaped through the cooling operation 61 and then the pelletizing operation 62 is performed to generate masterbatch 600.

In a film-forming stage C, the masterbatch 600 is taken from the above-mentioned material, and after a hot melt extrusion operation 70, a coating operation 80 is performed. After the coating operation 80 is subjected to a cooling and setting operation 81, a ground film 800 is formed.

In the mixing operation 50 of the granulation stage B, the powdered nano bamboo carbon 201 completed by the dry catalytic process can be added at a material ratio of 2-20% to perform the mixing operation 50 with the aforementioned element aggregates and complete the co-structured masterbatch 600.

The pre-process of mixing the nano bamboo carbon 201 with the masterbatch 600 is as described above. In addition, it can also be added during the mixing process in a similar manner to the nano fertilizer 100, etc., in the preparation stage A. Moreover, since the nano bamboo carbon 201 is not chemically active, it can also be dry-mixed in advance into the nano fertilizer 100 or nano fiber 200 that has been accumulated 12.

Take the above-mentioned complete masterbatch 600 to perform film formation. In the present invention, since the mixed product is nano-sized, in addition to obtaining better flowability during the molding process, it can also provide a thinner ground film 800 (within the force range allowed by the tension of the degradable material 30 after film formation), and in order to make the molecular bonds between the materials more compact during the shaping process to increase the tension strength, it is suitable to use the coating and rolling method to make the ground film 800, wherein the hot melt extrusion operation 70 and the coating operation 80 together constitute a film forming device. Please refer to the following for the process of film formation performed by the relevant equipment.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the hot melt extrusion operation 70 obtains the master batch 600 and melts it. Then, a feeding die 71 generates pressure to perform a coating operation 80. The coating operation 80 is to form a rough blank of a ground film 800 in a bare strip shape by a coating extruder 82. The rough blank is transferred to a film rolling device 84 by a transfer unit 83. The film rolling device 84 uses a rolling press method. The gap between the rollers R is adjusted by an adjustment unit 85 to adjust the gap in the process. The thickness of the ground film 800 is predetermined, and then sealed by a cooling and shaping process 81. The cooling and shaping process 81 can utilize the cooling device 86 to balance the temperature or blow the heat mass to form a heat treatment operation of temperature drop, thereby making the molecular structure of the ground film 800 passing through more stable. Finally, the ground film 800 is rolled up by a rolling device 87, and the ground film 800 is formed to be completed for the purpose of the present invention, and its forming thickness is between 0.05 and 1.2 mm.

Please refer to FIG. 6 again. In the process of the manufacturing method of the present invention, plant carbon black can be added and mixed. The material used is plant carbon particles 40. The dry nanocatalytic operation 11 of dry fluid catalysis is also used to nano-transform it into nano-carbon fibers 400 with a ratio of 3-20%. The size of the nano-fertilizer 100 and the nano-fiber 200 is the same or close. After completion, it enters a stockpile 12. In the granulation stage B process, after being mixed with the nano-fertilizer 100, the nano-fiber 200 and the degradation material 30 in the proportion shown in FIG. 4, it enters the mixing operation 50 to reach the granulation stage B. The resulting masterbatch 600 is shown in FIG. In the film-forming stage C, hot melt extrusion operation 70 and coating operation 80 are performed to form a ground film 800 mixed with nano-sized plant carbon particles 40. The plant carbon particles 40 are nano-sized into nano-carbon fibers 400, and the material ratio is 3-20% and evenly dispersed in the generated ground film 800 to produce an anti-refraction function. The nano-carbon fibers 400 can block the refraction of sunlight, making it difficult for weed seedlings in the soil covering the bottom to photosynthesize, thereby inhibiting the formation of weeds. The black color can act as an auxiliary absorber to absorb solar heat, so that the temperature under the ground film will be warmed and maintained to facilitate plant growth, especially in winter or cold areas.

The main purpose of the large amount of nano-carbon fiber 400 is to block sunlight to inhibit the growth of weeds on the covered ground. If the proportion of nano-bamboo carbon 201 added in Figure 4 is high, the nano-bamboo carbon 201 is carbon black, which has the ability to block sunlight refraction, and the proportion of nano-carbon fiber 400 can be reduced.

Please refer to FIG. 7 again. When the mulch film 800 of the present invention is used in agriculture, the shaded surface covers and contacts the surface of the planting soil 90. The degradable material 300 contained in the mulch film 800 is invaded and corroded by the bacteria contained in the planting soil 90, and undergoes tissue differentiation and degradation into water and carbon dioxide.

The progressive erosion is defined as a first degradation layer 101, a second degradation layer 102, a third degradation layer 103, and a fourth degradation layer 104.

The ground film 800 is essentially composed of a degradable material 300 containing a large number of dispersed nano-fibers 200 and nano-fertilizers 100. The nano-fibers 200 and nano-fertilizers 100 are sequentially degraded according to the thickness of the ground film 800, along with the first degradation layer 101, the second degradation layer 102, the third degradation layer 103, the fourth degradation layer 104, etc. The nano-fertilizers 100 contained in the first degradation layer 101 are degraded and released into the soil according to the degradation process. At this time, the nano-fertilizers 100 above the second degradation layer 102 located above the ground film 80 are degraded. 0, the nanofertilizer 100 and nanofiber 200 inside the first degradation layer 101 are still in place. When the first degradation layer 101 is degraded and eliminated according to the first time schedule, it enters the second degradation layer 102. The nanofertilizer 100 and nanofiber 200 contained in the second degradation layer 102 are also decomposed and released into the soil, and then the third degradation layer 103 and the fourth degradation layer 104..., the nanofertilizer 100 and nanofiber 200 contained in each layer are released one by one to the planting soil 90 according to the different time schedules to be absorbed by the roots of the plants, or converted into nutrients. To meet the needs of plant growth, the mulch film 800 of the present invention will gradually release nano fertilizer 100 and nano fiber 200 layer by layer according to the degradation level and time during the process of providing agricultural planting. In the process of providing agricultural planting with the mulch film 800, there is no need to apply the fertilizer of the present invention to the planting soil 90, and the nano fiber 200 contained in each layer will also penetrate into the planting soil 90 in sequence and be converted into planting nutrients through chemical reaction. Specifically, it can be seen that the mulch film 800 of the present invention will gradually release nano fertilizer 100 and nano fiber 200 layer by layer according to the time of agricultural planting. The fertilizer and nutrients are released intermittently according to the time relationship of decomposition, which is very beneficial to the fertilizer application during the period from plant growth to harvest. In addition, the nano-fertilizer 100, nano-plant fiber 200 or/and nano-carbon fiber 400 are nano-sized into fine particles, which penetrate into the soil, are easily compatible with the components of the soil and quickly transformed, and are easily absorbed by the roots of plants. They are also driven by water or water vapor and can be easily dispersed and distributed in the soil, and will not cause the previous defects on the surface of the ground film 800, affecting the mechanical tension of the ground film 800.

The biodegradable materials mainly use polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT), which is a biodegradable thermoplastic compound. The flexibility and tensile strength can be improved by adding adjuvants. PBAT has sufficient sunlight, moisture and microorganisms under aerobic conditions, especially in open fields, which is conducive to comprehensive degradation or biomass composting, and is suitable for agricultural mulch.

The plant dry particles 20 may be plant dry particles containing silicon dioxide, such as rice grains and rice stalks. The silicon dioxide in the substance has a nano-hair microstructure under the microscopic level, which can prick or stimulate the surface of insects to obtain an inhibitory insect repellent effect.

In the diagrams of FIG. 4 or FIG. 6 , the process is performed in the mixing operation 50, and fillers are added. The fillers are nano calcium oxide with a ratio of 0.1~3%, talcum powder 15~25%, and according to the requirements of the film forming mechanical strength and the coating operation environment and machine conditions, an improvement agent can be added. The improvement agent is a lubricant of 0.5~1%, a dispersant of 0.04~1.2%, and a chain expander of 0.5~3%.

In the preparation phase A process, complete dry nano bamboo carbon is provided for mixing in a 50-step process, with a ratio of 2-20% and a particle size of less than 45 microns.

In addition to providing a new functional ground film, the present invention also utilizes the material state during production and cooperates with dry nano-chemical processing to achieve rapid material preparation and film-forming process, which can greatly reduce the flow damping of hot-melt materials. The dry nano-chemical processing is a processing equipment system that uses dry processing as a nano-scale. It utilizes the physical action of high-speed fluid and the operation of mechanical momentum to break down granular materials with visible particle size into nano-scale with high kinetic energy. The system has a working rotary axis, and a prime mover is provided along the rotary axis. The prime mover drives a drainage shaft to the inside of a pressure generating unit. One end of the drainage shaft is provided with a suction port to receive the particulate matter to be processed. The processed matter is transferred through the drainage shaft into the working area of the booster impeller. The drainage shaft drives a booster impeller radially, and the whole system operates in a rigid pressure cylinder. The working diameter of the pressure cylinder is circular, and there is a release port leading to the outside.

Specifically, the system uses a power element to drive a pressure generating unit. A circular pressure cylinder is provided inside the pressure generating unit according to the system rotation axis. A release port is connected to the outside at one point of the pressure cylinder's circumference. A drainage shaft is provided inside, and the center line overlaps with the rotation axis. The drainage shaft is radially combined with a booster impeller. The whole is coaxially located in the pressure cylinder. A suction port is provided at one end of the drainage shaft. The pressure slot radially opened on the outer circle of the suction port is connected to the booster impeller. In the wheel space, the processed material is drawn into the pressure cylinder from the suction port by the pressure inside the pressure cylinder. The high and low pressure difference of the airflow inside the pressure cylinder, the high-speed airflow even at the critical state of the speed of sound, and the momentum generated by the mechanical operation, combined with various physical operations, act on the particles of the processed material to effectively decompose the visible particle size of the processed material (raw material) into nanometer scale. The material is dry texture and is organic or inorganic fragments.

The preparation stage of this invention is to process fertilizer dry particles and plant dry particles through dry processing Nano-processing, and add plant carbon fragments to make the overall ground film have the special function of absorbing heat, blocking light and gradually releasing fertilizer elements. The tension of the ground film can be accurately maintained, and it can be stretched and laid as flat as possible during laying. It is indeed an innovative ground film production process. We sincerely ask the examiner to examine it and grant a patent as soon as possible.

10: Fertilizer dry granules

11: Dry nanocatalysis operation

12: Hoarding

13: Allocation operation

100:Nano fertilizer

20: Plant dry grains

200:Nanofiber implants

201:Nano bamboo carbon

30: Degradable materials

50: Mixed operation

60: Hot melt extrusion manufacturing industry

61: Cool down

62: Pelletizing operation

600: Masterbatch

70: Hot melt extrusion operation

80: Laminating operation

81: Cooling and shaping process

800: Ground film

A: Preparation phase

B: Granulation stage

C: Film formation stage

Claims (7)

A method for manufacturing agricultural nano-film, which can gradually release nano-nutrients according to the decomposition layer during the agricultural process, includes: a preparation stage, which further includes: 1. taking potassium phosphate fertilizer dry particles, nano-catalyzing them into nano-fertilizers with dry particle size of less than 45 microns through a dry high-speed airflow nano-catalysis process, and then storing them; 2. taking plant dry particles containing silicon dioxide elements, nano-catalyzing them into nano-plant fibers with dry particle size of less than 45 microns through a dry high-speed airflow nano-catalysis process, and then storing them; 3. taking bamboo charcoal, nano-catalyzing them into nano-fibers with dry particle size of less than 45 microns through a dry high-speed airflow nano-catalysis process, and then storing them; Dry high-speed airflow nanocatalysis process, nano-catalysis into dry particles of nano-bamboo carbon with a particle size of less than 45 microns, and then stockpiling; 4. Prepare (PBAT) biodegradable materials; a granulation stage, take the above-mentioned nano-fertilizer 3~8%, nano-fiber 1~8%, nano-bamboo carbon 2~20%, and biodegradable materials 50~75%, respectively mix them in proportion and perform a mixing operation, and then perform a hot melt extrusion process, extruded into strips and then performed a pelletizing operation to generate masterbatch; a film-forming stage, take the above-mentioned masterbatch and perform a hot melt extrusion operation, perform a coating operation at the end, and perform a film rolling and cooling and shaping operation to form. As described in the first item of the patent application, the method for manufacturing agricultural nano-film, wherein the mixing operation simultaneously mixes the following fillers: 0.1~3% nano-calcium oxide; 15~25% talcum powder. As described in the first item of the patent application scope, the method for manufacturing agricultural nano-mulch film, wherein the mixing operation simultaneously mixes the following additional improvement agents: Lubricant 0.5~1%; dispersant 0.04~1.2%; chain expander 0.5~3%. As described in the first item of the patent application, in the preparation stage, plant carbon particles are added to the nano-fibers, which are nano-catalyzed into dry nano-carbon fibers with a particle size of less than 45 microns by dry high-speed airflow nano-catalysis. The proportion of the particles applied in the granulation stage is 3-20%. An agricultural nano-film is a film made by the method described in any one of items 1 to 4 of the patent application scope. As described in item 5 of the patent application, the agricultural nanofilm has a thickness of 0.05~1.2mm. As described in item 5 of the patent application scope, the agricultural nano-film, wherein nano-fertilizer and nano-plant fiber or/and plant nano-carbon fiber or/and nano-bamboo carbon are uniformly dispersed inside the film, and the average particle size of each element is below 45 microns.

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