TWI867213B - Anti-slip torque tool with integrated engagement features - Google Patents

Abstract

An anti-slip torque tool with integrated engagement features includes a torque-tool body and a plurality of engagement features. The plurality of engagement features is radially distributed around a rotational axis of the torque-tool body. Each of the plurality of engagement features includes a first cavity surface, a first bracing surface, a second bracing surface, and a second cavity surface. The first bracing surface and the second bracing surface are adjacently connected to each other through an intersection point. The first cavity surface is terminally connected to the first bracing surface through a first connection point as the first bracing surface is positioned in between the second bracing surface and the first cavity surface. The second cavity surface is terminally connected to the second bracing surface through a second connection point as the second bracing surface is positioned in between the first bracing surface and the second cavity surface.

Description

Anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features

The present invention relates to various fastener technologies, and more particularly to an anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features, which can prevent damage or wear of fasteners during the process of removing or locking fasteners.

Hexagonal bolts, nuts, screws, and other similar threaded devices are used to secure multiple workpieces together by engaging complementary threads, such as male or female threads. The construction of these types of fasteners generally has: a cylindrical shaft, an external thread on the surface of the shaft, and a head at one end of the shaft. The external thread is combined with a complementary female thread tapped in a hole or nut to secure the fastener and join the workpieces together. The head of the fastener is used to receive torque to rotate or drive the fastener into the female thread. The head of the fastener is made into a special shape to allow an external tool, such as a wrench, to apply torque to the fastener so that the fastener engages the female thread to a certain extent. These fasteners are simple, cheap and effective, so they are widely used in modern industry. One of the common problems when using such fasteners is that the tool often slips on the head, whether the fastener is male or female. The reasons may be: tool or fastener wear, tool or fastener rust, over-tightening of the fastener, and damage to the fastener head.

One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a torque tool that can substantially solve the problem of slippage when used with an appropriate fastener. The present invention uses a series of segmented parts to engage and/or bite into the head of the fastener, so that torque can be efficiently transmitted from the torque tool to the head of the fastener. The present invention can save users from using screw extractors that require drilling and tools. It is more preferred that the present invention is provided in an open-end wrench type torque tool, a closed-end wrench type torque tool or a socket type torque tool, whereby the user can selectively use the present invention according to different tools.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an anti-slip torque tool with integrated coupling features, which comprises: a torque tool body and a plurality of coupling features, wherein the plurality of coupling features are radially distributed around a rotation axis of the torque tool body; each of the plurality of coupling features comprises: a first concave surface, a first supporting surface, a second supporting surface and a second concave surface; the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface are connected to each other through a junction; the first concave surface is connected to the first supporting surface via a first connection point; the first supporting surface is located between the first concave surface and the second supporting surface; the second concave surface is connected to the second supporting surface via a second connection point; the second supporting surface is located between the first supporting surface and the second concave surface.

In another embodiment, the present invention further comprises: an attachment body; and a square coupling hole, wherein the center of the attachment body is located at the rotation axis and the attachment body extends along the rotation axis; the attachment body is connected to the torque tool body; the square coupling hole penetrates the attachment body along the rotation axis and is relative to the torque tool body.

In another embodiment, the first concave surface includes: a first convex area and a first arc-shaped area; the second concave surface includes: a second convex area and a second arc-shaped area.

In another embodiment, the first concave surface includes: a first concave area and a first arc-shaped area; the second concave surface includes: a second concave area and a second arc-shaped area.

In another embodiment, the first concave surface includes: a first angular area and a first arc-shaped area; the second concave surface includes: a second angular area and a second arc-shaped area.

In another embodiment, the present invention further comprises: a first set of saw-tooth structures, wherein the first set of saw-tooth structures is on the first supporting surface and penetrates into the torque tool body from the side.

In another embodiment, the present invention further comprises: a second set of saw-tooth structures, wherein the second set of saw-tooth structures is on the second supporting surface and penetrates into the torque tool body from the side.

The following is a detailed description through specific embodiments and the attached drawings, which will make it easier to understand the purpose, technical content, features and effects achieved by the present invention.

1: Torque tool body

2: Rotation axis

3: Outer wall

4: Combination characteristics

5: First concave surface

6: The first facial support

7: The second support

8: Second concave surface

9: Junction point

10: First connection point

11: Second connection point

12: Wrench handle

13: Attachment body

14: Square binding hole

15: The first set of sawtooth structures

16: The second set of sawtooth structures

17: First blunt corner

18: Second blunt corner

21: First protruding area

22: First arc area

23: Second protruding area

24: Second arc area

31: First concave area

33: Second concave area

41: The first angular area

43: The second corner area

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and also shows the plane used to take out the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, taken from the plane represented by line 4-4.

FIG5 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a plurality of bonding features and showing the details of one of the bonding features.

FIG. 6 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing one of the plurality of combined features in detail, and showing the first protruding area and the second protruding area, wherein the intersection point is a sharp point, and the length of the first support surface is equal to the length of the second support surface.

FIG. 7 is a detailed diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing one of a plurality of combined features in detail, wherein the intersection point is a curve area.

FIG8 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the length of the first support surface is greater than the length of the second support surface.

FIG. 9 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the length of the second support surface is greater than the length of the first support surface.

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, showing a first set of saw-tooth structures and a second set of saw-tooth structures.

FIG. 11 is a detail diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the first recessed area and the second recessed area.

FIG. 12 is a detail diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, showing the first angled area and the second angled area.

FIG. 13 is a detail view of an embodiment of the present invention, showing one of a plurality of bonding features, wherein the first support surface and the second support surface are parallel to each other.

FIG. 14 is a detail view of an embodiment of the present invention showing a wrench handle.

First of all, it should be specially pointed out that the drawings used in this specification are only used to illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these drawings.

The present invention is a non-slip torque tool with integrated engagement features that can be used to tighten or remove fasteners, such as nuts or bolts. Conventional wrenches or wrench sockets are designed so that most of the torque is transmitted to the fastener through the side angle of the fastener head. Over time, the degradation of the side angle causes slippage and reduces the efficiency of the wrench in transmitting torque to the fastener head. The present invention overcomes this problem through various engagement features. These engagement features include but are not limited to: grooves, sawtooth structures, ridges, edges and various surface structures that are integrated into the side of the torque tool; these engagement features can provide additional bite points for the fastener head regardless of whether the fastener head is worn or damaged.

The present invention efficiently applies torque to fasteners by using various engagement features. These engagement features include, but are not limited to, grooves, sawtooth structures, ridges, edges, various surface structures, and tooth-like structures that engage the head of the male fastener and are away from the side angle of the head of the male fastener, regardless of whether the head of the fastener is damaged or otherwise in condition. The torque tool is able to apply an enhanced bite force to the head of the fastener through these sawtooth groups. The present invention can be combined with or used by various conventional tools to increase the torque applied to the fastener. Conventional tools include, but are not limited to, open-end wrenches, closed-end wrenches, adjustable wrenches, pipe wrenches, socket wrenches, or other fastener engagement tools. The present invention is compatible with positive head fasteners. Fasteners using a positive head design, also known as positive fasteners, use the outer surface of the fastener head to combine with a tool used to lock or loosen the fastener; positive fasteners include but are not limited to: twelve-point bolts and nuts, hexagonal bolts and nuts. Furthermore, the present invention is also compatible with female head fasteners. Fasteners using a female head design use the inner surface of the fastener head to combine with a tool used to lock or loosen the fastener. Furthermore, the present invention is also compatible with fasteners using left-hand threads and right-hand threads. In addition, the present invention can also be modified or configured to be suitable for fasteners of different types or sizes.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. The present invention includes: a torque tool body 1 and a plurality of coupling features 4. The torque tool body 1 is a physical structure for applying torque to the head of a fastener. The wrench torque tool body 1 is a protrusion of a size that can be installed around a male fastener in an interlocking manner. Please refer to Figure 4. Each of the plurality of coupling features 4 can be used to implement an interlocking action. Each of the plurality of coupling features 4 includes: a first recessed surface 5, a first supporting surface 6, a second supporting surface 7 and a second recessed surface 8. In order to be installed around a male fastener and transmit torque, the plurality of coupling features 4 are radially distributed around a rotating axis 2 of the torque tool body 1. In each of the joint features 4, the first support surface 6 and the second support surface 7 are connected to each other through an intersection 9. The first concave surface 5 is connected to the first support surface 6 via a first connection point 10, so that the first support surface 6 is located between the first concave surface 5 and the second support surface 7. The second concave surface 8 is connected to the second support surface 7 via a second connection point 11, so that the second support surface 7 is located between the first support surface 6 and the second concave surface 8.

Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the torque tool body 1 extends outward from a plurality of coupling features 4 to an outer wall 3 of the torque tool body to define a female socket. Please refer to Figures 2 and 3. The present invention further includes: an attachment body 13 and a square coupling hole 14 for receiving an attachment element of a socket wrench. In more detail, the center of the attachment body 13 is located at the rotation axis 2, and the attachment body 13 extends along the rotation axis 2 to align with the rotation axis of the external torque applying tool. The attachment body 13 is connected to the torque tool body 1; the square coupling hole 14 penetrates into the attachment body 13 along the rotation axis 2 and is relative to the torque tool body 1. Therefore, the positive attachment element of the socket wrench can be coupled to the square coupling hole 14 to allow the socket wrench to apply torque to the present invention. In other words, a receiving opening is vertically formed in the torque tool body 1 and is located within a plurality of coupling features 4. Thus, the female socket can be coupled to the external positive fastener that needs to be removed or locked.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the torque tool body 1 extends outward from the rotation axis 2 to a plurality of engagement features 4, defining a male screwdriver head. Preferably, the attachment body 13 is a hexagonal structure having a diameter slightly larger than the torque tool body 1. However, depending on the design and manufacturing method, the attachment body 13 can have a diameter smaller than the torque tool body 1. In other words, the male screwdriver head is generally associated with an opening of a female head design, whereby a plurality of engagement features can be engaged with the interior of the fastener head. The male screwdriver head engages the female fastener from the center to the side.

Please refer to Figure 14. The present invention further includes a wrench handle 12, by which the user can easily apply torque to the torque tool body 1. More specifically, the wrench handle 12 is connected to the outside of the side of the torque tool body 1. For example, when torque is applied to the wrench handle 12 in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction, the torque tool body 1 also rotates with the wrench handle 12, and the torque is applied to the positive fastener.

Please refer to Figure 5. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first support surface 6 and the second support surface 7 are relative to each other at an angle around the intersection point 9, so that the intersection point 9 can be combined or bite into the fastener head to maximize the effect of transmitting torque to the fastener head. In more detail, the intersection point 9 is regarded as the contact point of the first support surface 6 and the second support surface 7. Please refer to Figures 6 and 7. In different embodiments of the present invention, the intersection point 9 can be a sharp point or a curved area with a small diameter. However, in other embodiments of the present invention, the first support surface 6 and the second support surface 7 are parallel to each other, as shown in Figure 13. Therefore, the first supporting surface 6 and the second supporting surface 7 can fully support the side wall of a positive fastener head without biting into the fastener head.

Preferably, the first supporting surface 6 and the second supporting surface 7 are made into a planar area. However, in other embodiments of the present invention, the first supporting surface 6 and the second supporting surface 7 can be made into a concave surface or a convex surface.

Please refer to Figure 6. The first connection point 10 is regarded as the contact point of the first concave surface 5 and the first supporting surface 6. The second connection point 11 is regarded as the contact point of the second concave surface 8 and the second supporting surface 7. Moreover, in each coupling feature 4, the first connection point 10 and the second connection point 11 can be used as additional bite features, whereby the present invention can bite into the head of the fastener. According to the user's preference, in other embodiments of the present invention, the first connection point 10 and the second connection point 11 can be a sharp point or a smoother curve area.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 10. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first concave surface 5 includes: a first convex area 21 and a first arc-shaped area 22. The second concave surface 8 includes: a second convex area 23 and a second arc-shaped area 24. In more detail, the first convex area 21 and the first arc-shaped area 22 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the first concave surface 5. The first convex area 21 is connected to one end of the first supporting surface 6 through the first connection 10, wherein the first convex area 21 is located between the first arc-shaped area 22 and the first supporting surface 6. Furthermore, the second convex area 23 and the second arc-shaped area 24 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the second concave surface 8. The second protruding area 23 is connected to one end of the second supporting surface 7 via the second connecting point 11, wherein the second protruding area 23 is located between the second arc-shaped area 24 and the second supporting surface 7.

Please refer to Figures 1 to 10. In a first embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 is less than the length of the first protruding area 21. The length of the second supporting surface 7 is less than the length of the second protruding area 23. The length of the first protruding area 21 is less than the length of the first arcuate area 22. The length of the second protruding area 23 is less than the length of the second arcuate area 24. The diameter of the first protruding area 21 is greater than the diameter of the first arcuate area 22. The diameter of the second protruding area 23 is greater than the diameter of the second arcuate area 24. However, in certain configurations of the first embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 may be equal to or greater than the length of the first protruding area 21. The length of the second supporting surface 7 may be equal to or greater than the length of the second protruding area 23. The length of the first protruding area 21 may be equal to or greater than the length of the first arc-shaped area 22. The length of the second protruding area 23 may be equal to or greater than the length of the second arc-shaped area 24. The diameter of the first protruding area 21 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the first arc-shaped area 22. The diameter of the second protruding area 23 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the second arc-shaped area 24.

Please refer to FIG. 11. In a second embodiment of the present invention, the first concave surface 5 includes: a first concave area 31 and a first arc-shaped area 22. The second concave surface 8 includes: a second concave area 33 and a second arc-shaped area 24. In more detail, the first concave area 31 and the first arc-shaped area 22 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the first concave surface 5. The first concave area 31 is connected to one end of the first supporting surface 6 via the first connection point 10, wherein the first concave area 31 is located between the first arc-shaped area 22 and the first supporting surface 6. Furthermore, the second concave area 33 and the second arc-shaped area 24 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the second concave surface 8. The second concave area 33 is connected to one end of the second supporting surface 7 via the second connection point 11, wherein the second concave area 33 is located between the second arc-shaped area 24 and the second supporting surface 7.

Please refer to Figure 11. In the second embodiment of the present invention, it is preferred that: the length of the first supporting surface 6 is less than the length of the first concave area 31. The length of the second supporting surface 7 is less than the length of the second concave area 33. The length of the first concave area 31 is less than the length of the first arc-shaped area 22. The length of the second concave area 33 is less than the length of the second arc-shaped area 24. The diameter of the first concave area 31 is greater than the diameter of the first arc-shaped area 22. The diameter of the second concave area 33 is greater than the diameter of the second arc-shaped area 24. However, in some configurations of the second embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 may be equal to or greater than the length of the first concave area 31. The length of the second supporting surface 7 may be equal to or greater than the length of the second concave area 33. The length of the first concave area 31 may be equal to or greater than the length of the first arc-shaped area 22. The length of the second concave area 33 may be equal to or greater than the length of the second arc-shaped area 24. The diameter of the first concave area 31 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the first arc-shaped area 22. The diameter of the second concave area 33 may be equal to or less than the diameter of the second arc-shaped area 24.

Please refer to Figure 12. In a third embodiment of the present invention, the first concave surface 5 includes: a first angular area 41, and a first curved area 22. The second concave surface 8 includes: a second angular area 43 and a second curved area 24. In more detail, the first angular area 41 and the first curved area 22 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the first concave surface 5. The first angular area 41 is connected to one end of the first supporting surface 6 by a first blunt angle 17 through a first connection point 10. The first angular area 41 is located between the first curved area 22 and the first supporting surface 6, wherein the first blunt angle 17 ranges from 135 degrees to 179 degrees. Furthermore, the second angular area 43 and the second curved area 24 are connected to each other to define the general shape of the second concave surface 8. The second angled area 43 is connected to one end of the second supporting surface 7 through a second connection point 11 with a second blunt angle 18. The second angled area 43 is located between the second arc-shaped area 24 and the second supporting surface 7, wherein the second blunt angle 18 ranges from 135 degrees to 179 degrees.

Please refer to Figure 10. The present invention further includes: a first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and a second set of saw-tooth structures 16 to provide additional gripping points. In more detail, the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 penetrates into the torque tool body 1 from the side at the first supporting surface 6. The second set of saw-tooth structures 16 penetrates into the torque tool body 1 from the side at the second supporting surface 7. Whether to combine the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 in the present invention depends on the user's preference or the provisions of industrial standards. In some embodiments of the present invention, the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 are not used. In some embodiments of the present invention, both the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 are used. In some embodiments of the present invention, only the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 are used. In some embodiments of the present invention, only the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 are used. In some embodiments of the present invention, the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 are replaced by ridges, wherein these ridges can be convex structures. Here, it is to be explained that the first set of saw-tooth structures 15 and the second set of saw-tooth structures 16 can be arranged at any position within each combination feature 4, not limited to being arranged on the first support surface 6 or the second support surface 7.

Depending on the length of the first supporting surface 6 and the length of the second supporting surface 7, the shapes of the first supporting surface 6 and the second supporting surface 7 may be different. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 is equal to the length of the second supporting surface 7, as shown in FIG6. In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 is greater than the length of the second supporting surface 7, as shown in FIG8. In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the first supporting surface 6 is less than the length of the second supporting surface 7, as shown in FIG9.

Please refer to Figure 4. In one embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of binding features 4 are twelve binding features. However, in other embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of binding features 4 are six binding features. Furthermore, the first support surface 6 of any one of the plurality of binding features 4 is not parallel to the first support surface 6 of an adjacent binding feature. Furthermore, the first support surface 6 of any one of the plurality of binding features 4 is not coplanar with the second support surface 7 of an adjacent binding feature.

The present invention has been described above by way of embodiments, but it should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification or change that does not deviate from the spirit of the present invention will still be included in the scope of the present invention.

1: Torque tool body

3: Outer wall

4: Combination characteristics

Claims (20)

A non-slip torque tool with integrated coupling features, comprising: a torque tool body; and a plurality of coupling features, wherein the plurality of coupling features are radially distributed around a rotation axis of the torque tool body; each of the plurality of coupling features comprises: a first concave surface, a first supporting surface, a second supporting surface and a second concave surface; the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface are connected to each other through a junction; the first concave surface is connected to the first supporting surface via a first connection point; the first supporting surface is located between the first concave surface and the second supporting surface; the second concave surface is connected to the second supporting surface via a second connection point; the second supporting surface is located between the first concave surface and the second supporting surface Between the first supporting surface and the second concave surface; the first concave surface includes: a first concave area and a first arc-shaped area; the second concave surface includes: a second concave area and a second arc-shaped area; the first angular area and the first arc-shaped area are connected to each other; the first angular area is connected to one end of the first supporting surface by a first blunt angle through the first connection point; the first angular area is located between the first arc-shaped area and the first supporting surface; the second angular area and the second arc-shaped area are connected to each other; the second angular area is connected to one end of the second supporting surface by a second blunt angle through the second connection point; the second angular area is located between the second arc-shaped area and the second supporting surface. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in Item 1 of the patent application further comprises: a wrench handle; the wrench handle is connected to the outside of the side of the torque tool body. An anti-slip torque tool with integrated coupling features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the torque tool body extends outward from the plurality of coupling features to an outer wall of the torque tool body. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated coupling features as described in item 3 of the patent application scope further comprises: an attachment body; and a square coupling hole, wherein the center of the attachment body is located at the rotation axis, and the attachment body extends along the rotation axis; the attachment body is connected to the torque tool body; the square coupling hole penetrates the attachment body along the rotation axis and is relative to the torque tool body. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the first support surface and the second support surface are opposite to each other at an angle around the intersection. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface are parallel to each other. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the first concave surface includes: a first convex area and a first arc-shaped area; the second concave surface includes: a second convex area and a second arc-shaped area; the first convex area and the first arc-shaped area are connected to each other; the first convex area is connected to one end of the first supporting surface through the first connection point; the first convex area is located between the first arc-shaped area and the first supporting surface; the second convex area and the second arc-shaped area are connected to each other; the second convex area is connected to one end of the second supporting surface through the second connection point; the second convex area is located between the second arc-shaped area and the second supporting surface. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 7 of the patent application scope, wherein the length of the first supporting surface is less than the length of the first protruding area; the length of the second supporting surface is less than the length of the second protruding area; the length of the first protruding area is less than the length of the first arc-shaped area; the length of the second protruding area is less than the length of the second arc-shaped area; the diameter of the first protruding area is greater than the diameter of the first arc-shaped area; the diameter of the second protruding area is greater than the diameter of the second arc-shaped area. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the first blunt angle ranges from 135 degrees to 179 degrees. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the second blunt angle ranges from 135 degrees to 179 degrees. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the first connection point is a sharp point; the second connection point is a sharp point. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the first connection point is a curved area; the second connection point is a curved area. An anti-slip torque tool with integrated joining features as described in claim 1, wherein the intersection is a sharp point. An anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the intersection is a curved area. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application further comprises: a first set of saw-tooth structures, wherein the first set of saw-tooth structures is on the first supporting surface and penetrates into the torque tool body from the side. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application further comprises: a second set of saw-tooth structures, wherein the second set of saw-tooth structures is on the second supporting surface and penetrates into the torque tool body from the side. An anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the length of the first supporting surface is equal to the length of the second supporting surface. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the length of the first supporting surface is greater than the length of the second supporting surface. The anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the length of the second support surface is greater than the length of the first support surface. An anti-slip torque tool with integrated bonding features as described in item 1 of the patent application, wherein the plurality of bonding features are twelve bonding features.

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