TWI775817B - 包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的內含錯合物的口服藥物製劑 - Google Patents
包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的內含錯合物的口服藥物製劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI775817B TWI775817B TW107106911A TW107106911A TWI775817B TW I775817 B TWI775817 B TW I775817B TW 107106911 A TW107106911 A TW 107106911A TW 107106911 A TW107106911 A TW 107106911A TW I775817 B TWI775817 B TW I775817B
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- Prior art keywords
- varenicline
- cyclodextrin
- acid
- preparation
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本發明揭露了一種口服藥物製劑,其包括環糊精以及伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類的一內含錯合物,其中,伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類係包含於該環糊精內部。該口服藥物製劑可有效的掩蓋藥物的苦味以及吞嚥藥物時的刺激以改善用藥的方便性,並可提供伐尼克蘭的氧化穩定性以即可改善該藥物的溶解度。
Description
本發明揭露了包含以伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類作為有效成分的一種藥物製劑,尤指包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的一種口服藥物製劑。
伐尼克蘭亦被稱作為5,8,14-三氮雜四環[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-十六碳-2(11),3,5,7,9-戊烷(5,8,14-triazatetracyclo[10.3.1.02,11.04,9]-hexadeca-2(11),3,5,7,9-pentane)或7,8,9,10-四氫-6,10-亞甲基-6H-吡嗪並[2,3-h][3]苯並吖庚因(7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,10-methano-6H-pyrazino[2,3-h][3]-benzazepine)。伐尼克蘭
以及其藥學上可接受的酸加成鹽類係於國際專利號WO1999/35131中揭露。
伐尼克蘭與神經元菸鹼型乙酰膽鹼受體(neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor)的結合可被利用於調節膽鹼能作用。因此伐尼克蘭可用於治療多種疾病,例如發炎性腸炎(非限制的例子為:潰瘍性結腸炎、壞疽性膿皮病、及克隆氏症)、過敏性腸綜合徵、痙攣性肌張力障礙、慢性疼痛、急性疼痛、腹瀉、囊袋炎、血管收縮、焦慮症、驚恐障礙、抑鬱症、躁鬱症、自閉症、睡眠障礙、時差綜合症、肌萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、認知官能障礙、高血壓、貪食症、厭食症、肥胖症、心律不整、胃酸分泌過多、潰瘍、嗜鉻細胞瘤、進行性核上性麻痺、藥物依賴和成癮(例如對於尼古丁及/或煙草產品、酒精、苯二氮卓類、巴比妥類、鴉片類藥物或古柯鹼依賴或成癮)、頭痛、偏頭痛、痙攣、創傷性腦損傷(TBI)、強迫症(OCD)、思覺失調、亨廷頓舞蹈病、遲發性運動障礙、運動過度、失讀症、妄想型精神分裂症、多發梗塞性癡呆、與年齡相關的認知衰退、癲癇(包括癲癇缺失)、阿茲海默氏症(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、注意力不足過動症(ADHD)、以及圖雷特綜合徵。
伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽係以1mg或0.5mg的藥錠販賣,且是作為戒菸輔助以治療尼古丁成癮或降低香菸成癮或使用量。
伐尼克蘭可經由各種管道給藥。若考慮攜帶方便以及用藥方便,可以口服藥物製劑的形式而提供,具體而言,即是以口內崩散製劑的形式提供。然而,伐尼克蘭具有苦味的特性可能造成吞嚥時不舒服的感覺。因此,將伐尼克蘭製備成口服的製劑並不容易,尤其是製備成口服
時會直接嘗到味道的口類崩散製劑,舉例來說,該口服製劑可為口腔溶解的薄膜製劑、口腔崩解片、懸浮製劑、懸浮片劑、速崩片劑、口腔崩解膠囊、口腔崩解顆粒、口腔崩解含錠、舌下片劑、粉劑、及/或咀嚼片劑。尤其,伐尼克蘭難以做為長期治療並定期給藥的病況或疾病的藥劑中的有效成分。
本發明直接提供了一種製劑,其中,伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類係以一內含錯合物的形式而包含於該製劑中,從而可掩蓋伐尼克蘭的苦味,提高該製劑的均勻性以及提高該製劑的穩定性。
本發明係有關於提供一種新穎的製劑製備方法,該方法可降低伐尼克蘭含量減少的問題,以及降低於製備包含伐尼克蘭的製劑時所產生的相關產物。
本發明係提供一提高一有效成分的穩定度的方法。
為了解決上述的技術問題,本發明提供了一種口服藥物製劑,該口服藥物製劑包括伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類包含於一環糊精中的一內含錯合物;一種製備其之方法;以及藉由口服給藥治療有需求的患者。
雖然伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類期望被應用於可於口腔中快速崩解以達到療效的製劑,然而,該成分需要添加大量的調味
劑或甜味劑來掩蓋其難受的味道,也因而降低該製劑的穩定度。本發明的發明人認知到將伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類發展成口服藥物製劑的過程中會有伐尼克蘭苦味的問題而完成本發明。此外,本發明的發明人更確認了將伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類包含於一環糊精中以形成一內含錯合物,尤其是包含於β-環糊精,可增加藥物成分的均勻性以及製劑的穩定性,因而完成本發明。
本發明的發明人亦發現了藉由添加環糊精而形成的內含錯合物可提高伐尼克蘭的穩定性,並降低伐尼克蘭相關產物的產生。
本發明中的環糊精被證實了具有形成內含錯合物的能力,且可掩蓋伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的難受的味道。具體而言,本發明證實了環糊精的內含錯合物的可掩蓋伐尼克蘭的難受味道,並且可提高藥物成分的均勻性以及製劑的穩定性。此外,本發明可提供一種改善吞嚥情況的口服藥物製劑。
環糊精(CD)為一種圓柱狀的化合物,利用CGT酶環化6-12個由澱粉液化所得的葡萄糖殘基以製備而成。
本發明的發明人確認了藉由添加環糊精,尤其是β-環糊精可具有形成內含錯合物的優異能力,且具有掩蓋難受味道的優異能力。此外,製劑中各個藥物成分可均勻地分布,並且具有優異的成膜性以及適當的硬度。
於本發明中,伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類係作為一有效成分。
本發明中「內含錯合物」一詞係指一內含化合物,且伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類係整體或部分被包圍於環糊精的網絡中。其製備方法係將環糊精以及該藥物溶解於一適當的溶劑中,並於一預定時間內產生反應,並直接被製備為一溶解狀態。或者,該溶劑可藉由過濾或減壓乾燥而移除以製備乾燥的產物。
於本發明中,「有效成分」一詞係指一治療性的活性化合物、任何活性化合物的前體藥物、或該活性化合物或其前體藥物的溶劑化物。
於本發明中,「成分」一詞係指任何構成伐尼克蘭藥物製劑的前體藥物、藥學上可接受鹽類、或其溶劑化物,例如為一賦形劑、增塑劑、崩解劑、稀釋劑、溶劑、滲透促進劑、防腐劑、緩衝劑、凝膠劑、潤滑劑、載體、穩定劑、凝膠、染劑、顏料、表面活性劑、惰性填料、黏合劑、增稠劑、軟化劑、乳化劑、及其混合物。
於本發明中,「伐尼克蘭」包括其母體藥物、前體藥物、該母體藥物或前體藥物的藥學上可接受鹽類、以及其溶劑化物。伐尼克蘭的母體藥物係於國際專利號WO1999/35131中所揭露,其內容皆合併於此。伐尼克蘭的製備方法係於美國專利號第6,410,550中揭露,其揭露內容皆合併於此。伐尼克蘭的外消旋混合物的解析度係於國際專利號WO2001/62736中所揭露,其內容皆合併於此。
本發明的藥物製劑可包括伐尼克蘭或以伐尼克蘭的衍生物作為替代、或合併伐尼克蘭以及伐尼克蘭的衍生物作為有效成分。因
此,本發明的藥物製劑可包括藥物活性媲美伐尼克蘭的伐尼克蘭的衍生物。
於本發明中,「藥學上可接受」一詞係指與構成一化合物的其他成分及/或將其用於治療哺乳類時具有化學、物理、及/或毒理學相容性。
於本發明中,「藥學上可接受鹽類」係指來自無機酸或有機酸的無毒酸加成鹽。適合的酸衍生物例如包括鹵化物、甲苯磺酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、硫氰酸鹽、硫酸鹽、硫酸氫鹽、亞硫酸鹽、亞硫酸氫鹽、芳基磺酸鹽、烷基硫酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、草酸鹽、膦酸鹽、磷酸鹽、磷酸一氫鹽、磷酸二氫鹽、偏磷酸鹽、焦磷酸鹽、鏈烷酸鹽、鏈烷酸環烷基酯、鏈烷酸芳基酯、己二酸鹽、藻酸鹽、天冬氨酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、富馬酸鹽、葡庚糖酸鹽、甘油磷酸鹽、乳酸鹽、蘋果酸鹽、菸酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、果膠酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、新戊酸鹽、琥珀酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、檸檬酸鹽、樟腦酸鹽、樟腦磺酸鹽、二葡糖酸鹽、三氟乙酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、氫溴酸鹽、水楊酸鹽等。其穩定度會因水而降低的任何伐尼克蘭的藥學上可接受鹽類皆包含於此,但不限定於此。具體而言,伐尼克蘭的藥學上可接受鹽類可為一或多個選自由伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、伐尼克蘭硫酸鹽、伐尼克蘭富馬酸鹽、伐尼克蘭草酸鹽、伐尼克蘭鹽酸鹽、伐尼克蘭溴酸鹽、伐尼克蘭檸檬酸鹽、伐尼克蘭蘋果酸鹽、伐尼克蘭琥珀酸酯、伐尼克蘭磷酸鹽、伐尼克蘭甲苯磺酸鹽、伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽、以及伐尼克蘭甲磺酸鹽所組成的群組。上述的酸加成鹽可藉由習知的方法而製備,舉例而言,可相化合物溶解於大量的水性酸溶液中,再使用可與水混溶的有機溶劑使得
該鹽類沉澱,該有機溶劑可例如為甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、或乙腈。將水中等莫耳數的混合物以及酸或醇類經加熱後,該混合物可藉由汽化而乾燥,或者該沉澱的鹽類可藉由吸引而被過濾出來。
作為本發明的活性成分,上述的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類皆可使用而不受限制。具體而言,可使用伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽、伐尼克蘭富馬酸鹽、伐尼克蘭草酸鹽、伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、伐尼克蘭硫酸鹽、伐尼克蘭富馬酸鹽、伐尼克蘭草酸鹽、伐尼克蘭鹽酸鹽、伐尼克蘭氫溴酸鹽、伐尼克蘭檸檬酸鹽、伐尼克蘭蘋果酸鹽、伐尼克蘭琥珀酸酯、伐尼克蘭磷酸鹽、伐尼克蘭甲苯磺酸鹽、或伐尼克蘭甲磺酸鹽。更具體而言,可使用伐尼克蘭硫酸鹽、伐尼克蘭鹽酸鹽、伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽,伐尼克蘭氫溴酸鹽、或伐尼克蘭。更加具體而言,可使用伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽、伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、以及其混合物。
本發明一實施態樣的一藥物製劑係包括一內含錯化物,該內含錯化物係由環糊精包含一有效成分而形成。
該環糊精包括β-環糊精、α-環糊精、以及γ-環糊精。具體而言,包含β-環糊精的藥物製劑可不只展現掩蓋苦味的優異特性,亦可幫助有效成分均勻分散。此外,使用β-環糊精作為掩味劑而製備的藥物製劑可有效地於口腔內掩蓋苦味的同時,更展現快速的藥效。此外,該環糊精可為包含一羥丙基以及一甲基的環糊精衍生物。
於本發明一實施態樣中,具有伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的該口服藥物製劑中,其所包含的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類與該環糊精的重量比為20:1至1:15000(伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的
鹽類:環糊精);較佳為10:1至1:15000;更佳為10:1至1:10000;更佳為10:1至1:700;更佳為2.5:1至1:700;更佳為2:1至1:600;更佳為1.5:1至1:150。在上述的重量比下,該口服藥物製劑可展現優異的掩味效果;優異的製劑穩定性;以及優異的藥物分散性。此外,當該成分於上述的範圍內時,可添加少量的甜味劑或調味劑以改善該藥物製劑的吞嚥情況。此外,給藥時,該藥物製劑於口腔內的分散性、質地、以及方便性皆相當優異。再者,當該製劑的成分係於上述範圍內時,於伐尼克蘭-環糊精內含錯合物形成後所剩餘的環糊精可幫助改善藥物於藥物製劑中的均一性。
具體而言,於本發明的該製劑中,可提升藥物於藥物製劑中的穩定性。
於本發明中,提升藥物於該製劑的穩定性係指可該製劑中的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類於水中的降解速度,以及可減少相關產物的產生。
舉例而言,該藥物製劑可以薄膜製劑的型式而提供,該薄膜製劑中,其所包含的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類與該環糊精的重量比為2:1至1:230(伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類:環糊精),而較佳為1:3.5至1:110。
另一實施態樣中,該藥物製劑可以速崩片劑的型式而提供,該速崩片劑中,其所包含的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類與該環糊精的重量比為1:4至1:520(伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類:環糊精),較佳為1.35:1:280。
於另一實施態樣中,當該口服藥物製劑為液體製劑、懸浮製劑、酏劑製劑、糖漿製劑、或檸檬水製劑時,其所包含的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類與該環糊精的重量比為2:1至1:15000(伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類:環糊精),較佳為1:1至1:2000。而當該口服藥物製劑為咀嚼片劑、口腔崩解片、口香糖嚼片劑、顆粒製劑、發泡性顆粒製劑、粉劑、口含片劑、或黏膜貼附片劑時,其所包含的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類與該環糊精的重量比為2:1至1:2000,較佳為1:1至1:1000。
上述的比例皆為重量比。
該酸可為一或多個選自由甲酸、乙醛酸、草酸、乙醇酸、丙烯酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、丙酸、3-羥基丙酸、乳酸、甘油酸、富馬酸、馬來酸、草醯乙酸、巴豆酸、乙酰乙酸、2-氧代丁酸、甲基丙二酸、琥珀酸、蘋果酸、L-酒石酸、DL-酒石酸、內消旋酒石酸、丁酸、異丁酸、羥基丁酸、衣康酸、中康酸、氧代戊二酸、戊二酸、甲基琥珀酸、戊酸、異戊酸、三甲基乙酸、苯酚、順烏頭酸、抗壞血酸、檸檬酸、異檸檬酸、己二酸、己酸、苯甲酸、水楊酸、龍膽酸、原兒茶酸、沒食子酸、環己烷羧酸、庚二酸、鄰苯二甲酸、間苯二甲酸、對苯二甲酸酸、苯乙酸、甲苯甲酸、間甲苯甲酸、對甲苯甲酸、扁桃酸、尿黑酸、辛二酸、辛酸、肉桂酸、壬酸、油酸、醋酸、鹽酸、硼酸、磷酸、及硫酸所組成之群組;其中,較佳為一或多個選自由酒石酸、水楊酸、苯甲酸、醋酸、及磷酸所組成的群組;更佳為酒石酸。
本發明所提供的藥物製劑可製備為一口服藥物製劑。舉例而言,該藥物製劑可被製備為多種型式,例如片劑、膜劑、懸浮製劑、顆粒製劑、凝膠劑、丸劑、酊劑、湯劑、輸液劑、精神劑、流體萃取劑、酏劑、浸膏劑、糖漿劑、粉劑、芳香水、檸檬水等。其中,該片劑可被製備為多種型式,例如口腔崩解片劑、黏膜貼附片劑、分散片劑、舌下片劑、口腔片劑、咀嚼片劑、發泡性片劑、溶液片劑等。此外,本領域中具有通常知識者可依照需求而對於片劑作出各種改良。該製劑可為口腔內崩散製劑,例如為口腔崩解片劑、口服崩解片劑、懸浮製劑、懸浮片劑、速崩片劑、口腔崩解顆粒製劑、口腔崩解錠劑、舌下片劑、粉末和/或咀嚼片劑。當考慮到該藥物製劑給藥時的情況、攜帶便利性、以及各種目的時,本發明的藥物製劑可被製備為一懸浮製劑、口腔溶解片劑、速崩片劑、或口腔崩解顆粒。尤其,80%以上的該製劑可於口服後的10分鐘或5分鐘內溶解、分散、或分解。「口腔溶解片劑」一詞可由薄膜、條帶、口腔崩解膜等用語替代,且皆指一貼附於口腔內部的製劑,例如舌頭、口腔黏膜、舌下等。
具體而言,可使用口腔溶解(崩解)薄膜、口腔崩解片劑、舌下片劑、顆粒製劑、發泡顆粒製劑、粉劑、內部溶液、口含片劑、酏劑、糖漿劑、懸浮製劑、發泡片劑、咀嚼片劑、溶液片劑、分散片劑、膠基糖劑、檸檬水、芳香水、精神劑、口腔片劑、黏膜貼附片劑、口腔貼劑等。較佳地,可使用口腔溶解(崩解)薄膜或口腔崩解片劑。
當本發明的口服藥物製劑係製備為口腔溶解薄膜時,需要添加一種高分子以將該製劑製備成薄膜。由於本發明的口服藥物製劑包
含許多陰離子成分,其與高分子的相容性相當重要。因此,可使用普魯蘭、羥丙基纖維素(HPC)、羥丙基甲基纖維素(HPMC)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、澱粉、聚乙二醇-聚乙烯醇共聚物、共聚維酮、羥乙基纖維素、羥丙基澱粉、聚環氧乙烷、泊洛沙姆(poloxamer)、或其混合物。該高分子的含量可為乾膜總重量的20至50wt%,但不受限於此。
本發明的口服藥物製劑可更包括一藥學上可接受的載體,其通常被添加至藥物製劑中,該藥學上可接受載體可包含經常使用於藥物領域的添加劑,例如賦形劑、增塑劑、崩解劑、稀釋劑、溶劑、滲透促進劑、防腐劑、緩衝劑、凝膠劑、潤滑劑、載體、穩定劑、凝膠、染劑、顏料、表面活性劑、惰性填料、黏合劑、增稠劑、軟化劑、乳化劑、及其混合物。
本發明的口服藥物製劑中,該添加劑的含量可為整體製劑的40至99.7wt%。當該藥物製劑為口腔崩解薄膜製劑時,該添加劑的含量可為整體薄膜製劑的90至99.8wt%。當該藥物製劑為速崩片劑時,該添加劑的含量可為整體速崩片劑的90至99.8wt%。
適當的黏合劑或賦形劑可例如為纖維素、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、羥丙基纖維素、羥甲基纖維素、聚丙基吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、明膠、聚乙二醇、澱粉、天然或合成膠料(例如藻酸鹽或阿拉伯樹膠)、甘露醇、微晶纖維素、無水磷酸氫鈣、低取代羥丙基纖維素(L-HPC)、預膠化澱粉、乳糖、或其混合物,但不受限於此。較佳地,黏合劑或賦形劑的含量可為整體口服藥物製劑的0.01至90wt%。當該藥物製劑為一口腔崩解薄膜製劑時,黏合劑或賦形劑的含量可為整體藥物
製劑的1至90wt%。當該藥物製劑為速崩片劑時,黏合劑或賦形劑的含量可為整體藥物製劑的1至99.8wt%。
適當的潤滑劑可例如為硬脂酸鈣、單硬脂酸甘油酯、棕櫚酸硬脂酸甘油酯、硬脂酸鎂、聚乙二醇、苯甲酸鈉、月桂基硫酸鈉、硬脂酰富馬酸鈉、硬脂酸、滑石粉、及硬脂酸鋅,但不受限於此。具體而言,該潤滑劑的含量可為整體口服藥物製劑的0.1至3wt%。當該藥物製劑為速崩片劑時,該潤滑劑的含量可為整體至劑的0.1至5wt%。
適當的崩解劑可例如為澱粉羥乙酸鈉、羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基纖維素鈣、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、甲基纖維素、微晶纖維素、粉狀纖維素、低烷基取代的羥丙基纖維素、波拉克林鉀(polacrilin potassium)、澱粉、預膠化澱粉、藻酸鈉等,但不受限於此。具體而言,該崩解劑的含量可為整體口服藥物製劑的1至80wt%。當該製劑為口腔崩解片劑時,該崩解劑的含量可為整體藥物製劑的3至45wt%。當該製劑為速崩片劑時,該崩解劑的含量可為整體藥物製劑的0.1至90wt%。
若有需要,可進一步添加甜味劑、調味劑、及/或顏料,但甜味劑、調味劑、及/或顏料可能在吞嚥時會造成干擾。甜味劑、調味劑、及/或顏料的含量可為本發明的整體口服藥物製劑的5wt%以下,較佳為3wt%以下,更佳為1wt%以下。
當本發明的藥物製劑係用於治療尼古丁或菸草產品的依賴或成癮、或作為戒菸輔助時,其可進一步包括伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類以外的其他藥物作為活性成分,只要該藥物的功效與本發明不
具負面影響即可。舉例而言,該藥物製劑可包括一或多個選自由α 7-菸鹼乙酰膽鹼受體拮抗劑、治療戒斷症狀的藥物(例如為安非他酮、利莫那班、二氫苦味酸、多巴胺、美加明、金雀花鹼、3-甲基氨基茨烯、巴氯芬、氯普唑啉、丁酮等)、尼古丁特異性抗體、抗蛋白質抗體、天然產物(例如當歸、酸棗仁、紅蔘、黃芩等)、或其混合物所組成之群組。若有需求,本領域具有通常知識者選擇上述以外的各種藥物。
本發明所提供的藥物製劑可無限制地用於藉由給予伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類作為有效成分以治療的任何疾病、病症、及/或症狀。舉例而言,該藥物製劑可用於以下疾病或病症,包括發炎性腸炎、潰瘍性結腸炎、壞疽性膿皮病、克隆氏症、過敏性腸綜合徵、痙攣性肌張力障礙、慢性疼痛、急性疼痛、腹瀉、囊袋炎、血管收縮、焦慮症、驚恐障礙、抑鬱症、躁鬱症、自閉症、睡眠障礙、時差綜合症、肌萎縮性側索硬化症(ALS)、認知官能障礙、高血壓、貪食症、厭食症、肥胖症、心律不整、胃酸分泌過多、潰瘍、嗜鉻細胞瘤、進行性核上性麻痺、藥物依賴和成癮(例如對於尼古丁及/或煙草產品、酒精、苯二氮卓類、巴比妥類、鴉片類藥物或古柯鹼依賴或成癮)、頭痛、偏頭痛、痙攣、創傷性腦損傷(TBI)、強迫症(OCD)、思覺失調、亨廷頓舞蹈病、遲發性運動障礙、運動過度、失讀症、妄想型精神分裂症、多發梗塞性癡呆、與年齡相關的認知衰退、癲癇(包括癲癇缺失)、阿茲海默氏症(AD)、帕金森病(PD)、注意力不足過動症(ADHD)、以及圖雷特綜合徵、以及本領域中其他相似的疾病或病症(但不受限於此)。具體而言,該藥物製劑可用於治療尼古丁或菸草產品的依賴性或成癮性。
於本發明中,「治療」一詞係指藉由給予該藥物製劑以改善或有利於改變疾病(急性或慢性)、病症、或其所導致的症狀。廣義來講,「治療」包含「預防」,其係指藉由給予該藥物製劑以避免或延後疾病或其所導致的症狀的發生。「治療」可包括例如中斷、減輕、改善、停止、抑制、延遲、逆轉一疾病(急性或慢性)、病症或其所導致的症狀。
給藥的劑量、頻率、以及持續性將依據需治療的特性以及嚴重程度、患者的年齡以及一般身體狀況、以及患者對於有效成分的抵抗特性等因素而變化。該藥物製劑的給藥可為每日一次的給藥形式、每日多次的給藥形式、或每周一次的給藥形式,其處方可能會持續2到3天、數周或更長。
於一實施態樣中,本發明的該藥物製劑的單次劑量中,可包含0.5至1mg的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類。
於其他實施態樣中,本發明提供了一種伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類的口服藥物製劑的製備方法。
於一實施態樣中,本發明所提供的一種伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類的口服藥物製劑的製備方法包括以下步驟:(S1)製備包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類、以及一溶劑的一混合物;(S2)添加環糊精至該混合物中,藉由加熱並攪拌一環糊精及該混合物,以形成一包含一環糊精內含錯合物的混合物;
(S3)混合一藥學上可接受添加劑以及該包含該環糊精內含錯合物的混合物以形成一溶液,其中,該溶液係用於製備一藥物製劑;以及(S4)將該溶液製備成該藥物製劑。
具體而言,於步驟(S1)中,該混合物可藉由混合伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類以及一溶劑,該溶劑可為水、乙醇、或其混合物。
具體而言,於步驟(S2)中,該環糊精可被添加至該混合物中,該混合物包括該溶劑、以及伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類。在混合過程中,可進行攪拌以形成環糊精與伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的內含錯合物。更具體而言,在混合過程中,可於加熱同時或加熱後進行攪拌。
於加熱程序中,其溫度可為50至80℃,較佳為55至75℃,攪拌程序可持續20分鐘以上,或30分鐘以上,較佳為1小時以上。
具體而言,於步驟(3)中,用於製備一藥物製劑的該溶液可藉由添加該藥學上可接受添加劑至包含該環糊精內含錯合物的混合物中而形成。該混合物可包括環糊精內含錯合物以及未與伐尼克蘭形成內含錯合物的環糊精。包含於該混合物中的該藥學上可接受添加劑可包括增塑劑、稀釋劑、溶劑、防腐劑、緩沖劑、潤滑劑、穩定劑、填充劑、軟化劑、調味劑、著色劑、甜味劑、表面活性劑等,為製備藥物製劑時常用的添加劑。
具體而言,於步驟(S2)中,該環糊精內含錯合物可於攪拌時加入一酸而製備。較佳地,該酸可為一或多個選自由酒石酸、水楊酸、
苯甲酸、乙酸、及磷酸所組成的群組。較佳地,於步驟(S2)中,包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類以及該環糊精的該環糊精內含錯合物係藉由添加該酸而於pH 2.5-5.5的環境下製備而成,較佳為pH 2.8-4.5。
於一實施態樣中,本發明提供了一種包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的一薄膜製劑,該薄膜製劑的製備方法的步驟(S4)中,該薄膜製劑係藉由均勻化一成膜聚合物、一塑化劑、一甜味劑、一調味劑、以及該包含環糊精內含錯合物以及該藥學上可接受添加劑的混合物,並乾燥之。舉例而言,均一化的程序可於添加甘油、三氯蔗糖、氧化鐵紅、二氧化鈦、及薄荷粉後使用一均質機(Ultra-Turrax T-25,IKA)使其均一化,再利用攪拌將其溶解分散。接著,添加高分子(普魯蘭)並使用均質機均一化後,可於真空中將製備薄膜的溶液去氣,且該溶液可塗佈於一支撐膜上並具有一適當的厚度。接著,包含有伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜可於60至80℃的溫度下乾燥而製備。
可使用本領域中常用的塑膠膜以製備該口腔崩解片劑作為該支撐膜,例如可使用聚對苯二甲酸(PET),但不受限於此。
於乾燥程序中,最終獲得的口腔崩解片劑的重量係減少5至15wt%而完成乾燥程序,較佳為減少7至12wt%。
於步驟(S2)中,包含伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類以及環糊精的該環糊精內含錯合物可藉由混合重量比為2:1至1:230的伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類以及該環糊精(伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類:環糊精),並於添加該酸而於pH 2.5-5.5的環境下製備而成。
本發明可提供一種戒菸輔助劑,包括一內含錯合物,該內含錯合物中,伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受的鹽類係包覆於該環糊精中。
本發明的藥物製劑可掩蓋伐尼克蘭的特殊難受味道,以改善吞嚥藥物的感受。
本發明的藥物製劑中,由於藥物皆均勻地分散於藥物製劑中,故可提升藥物的均勻性。
本發明的藥物製劑具有優異的穩定性,且可降低於水中的降解度。
在下文中,將提供實施例以詳細說明本發明之實施態樣。以下的實施例可以多種不同的方式實施,且本發明不應被視為限制於以下實施方式中。以下示例性的實施例係徹底並完整地揭露本發明,並向本領域的技術人員充分傳達本發明的範圍。
[實施例1]-製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類作為有效成分的薄膜製劑
(1)製備具掩蓋伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽苦味的功效的薄膜製劑。
包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽做為有效成分的薄膜製劑係使用以下表1所示的各種材料以及下文所述的製備方法而製成,並探討該薄膜製劑的掩味效果以及物理特性與β-環糊精的添加量的關係。
於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽溶液中後,該混合物係於60至70℃攪拌超過一小時。接著,添加甘油、三氯蔗糖、氧化鐵紅、二氧化鈦、以及薄荷粉於純水中,並藉由攪拌將其溶解或分散,再藉由一均質機(Ultra-Turax T-25,IKA)均質化該混合物。此後,添加一高分子(普魯藍),並使用相同的均質機將其均質化。將所得的溶液於真空下去氣,並將去氣後的溶液塗佈於一聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)薄膜上,並具有一適當的厚度,接著,於60至80℃乾燥該溶液以製備包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜製劑。
(2)製備具掩蓋伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽苦味的功效的薄膜製劑。
包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽做為有效成分的薄膜製劑係使用以下表2所示的各種材料以及下文所述的製備方法而製成,並探討該薄膜製劑的掩味效果以及物理特性與β-環糊精的添加量的關係。
於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽溶液中後,該混合物係於60至70℃攪拌超過一小時。接著,添加甘油、三氯蔗糖、氧化鐵紅、二氧化鈦、以及薄荷粉於純水中,並藉由攪拌將其溶解或分散,再藉由一均質機(Ultra-Turax T-25,IKA)均質化該混合物。此後,添加一高分子(普魯藍),並使用相同的均質機將其均質化。將所得的溶液於真空下去氣,並將去氣後的溶液塗佈於一聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)薄膜上,並具有一適當的厚度,接著,於60至80℃乾燥該溶液以製備包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽的薄膜製劑。
(3)探討薄膜製劑的掩味效果以及物理特性與β-環糊精及藥物的添加比例的關係。
以下實驗的目的在於探討薄膜製劑的掩味效果及物理特性與β-環糊精及藥物的添加比例的關係,其結果如表6所示。
薄膜製劑掩味效果的探討係如下所示,該掩味品評測試係以等量的薄膜製劑而進行。一測試對象將包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的製劑樣本放置於口腔中,溶解一固定時間後將其吐出,且以等量的水輕微的
沖洗口腔,接著紀錄難受味道持續的時間。測試每一製劑樣本之間的時間間隔為三小時以上,而感受難受味道超過三小時的測試對象則被不須進行下一個測試。詳細的評估標準係如下表所示。
薄膜製劑的抗拉強度係由以下方法測試。於塗佈該溶液於一支撐膜上形成一薄膜製劑後,將其薄膜製劑與支撐膜一併裁切為預訂大小,再將該薄膜製劑與該支撐膜分離,利用萬能測試機(質地分析儀),並於以下的參數進行測試。
萬能測試機:LLOYSLS-1
力規(N):100N
夾具:氣動副夾具
測試速度(mm/分鐘):200
夾具間的距離(mm):2
夾具的氣壓(MPa):0
抗拉強度係將測試結果代入以下算式計算而得:抗拉強度=負荷值(N)/樣本面積(mm2)
薄膜製劑可撓性係由以下方法測試,於塗佈該溶液於一支撐膜上形成一薄膜製劑後,將其薄膜製劑與支撐膜一併裁切為預訂大小,再將該薄膜製劑與該支撐膜分離。接著折疊該薄膜製劑,並記錄該薄膜製劑於破裂前的最大折疊角度。
由表6可得知,掩味效果的不同係根據伐尼克蘭的鹽類與β-環糊精的比例的不同,而當β-環糊精的添加比例為1:4以上時可得到最佳的掩味效果。當混合的比例為1:500以上時,β-環糊精的添加量對於薄膜製劑的可撓性以及抗拉強度皆有負面的影響。
於表6中,「權重」一詞係指每個參數值的權重。以比較例1為例,其掩味效果的權重為3,並應用於掩味效果的參數值1(差),故其分數為=1(掩味效果參數值)* 3(權重)=3。
[實施例2]-製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類作為有效成分的速崩片劑
(1)製備具掩蓋伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽苦味的功效的速崩片劑。
包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽做為有效成分的速崩片劑係使用以下表7所示的各種材料以及下文所述的製備方法而製成,並探討該薄膜製劑的掩味效果以及其硬度與β-環糊精的添加量的關係。
於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽溶液中後,攪拌該混合物一小時以上。
接著,於減壓下透過過濾或蒸發其溶劑該混合物以得到一固體,接著將一黏合劑、一崩解劑、一賦形劑、一潤滑劑添加製獲得的固體中,並混合之,接著利用一製片機製作片劑。
(2)製備具掩蓋伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽苦味的功效的速崩片劑。
包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽做為有效成分的速崩片劑係使用以下表8所示的各種材料以及下文所述的製備方法而製成,並探討該薄膜製劑的掩味效果以及其硬度與β-環糊精的添加量的關係。
於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽溶液中後,攪拌該混合物一小時以上。
接著,於減壓下透過過濾或蒸發其溶劑該混合物以得到一固體,接著將一黏合劑、一崩解劑、一賦形劑、一潤滑劑添加製獲得的固體中,並混合之,接著利用一製片機製作片劑。
(3)探討速崩片劑的掩味效果以及物理特性與β-環糊精及藥物的添加比例的關係。
以下實驗的目的在於探討速崩片劑的掩味效果及物理特性與β-環糊精及藥物的添加比例的關係,其結果如表10所示。
速崩片劑的掩味效果的掩味品評測試係如上述的薄膜製劑的掩味品評測試相同。
量測片劑的硬度可得知片劑的可成形性,其評估方法係如下文所述。
片劑的硬度係使用硬度計(Vankel VK 200)來測試。當逐漸增加施加於片劑上的力時,紀錄該片劑破裂時的所施加的力。
由表10可得知,掩味效果的不同係根據伐尼克蘭的鹽類與β-環糊精的比例的不同,而當β-環糊精的添加比例為1:4以上時可得到最佳的掩味效果。β-環糊精的添加比例為1:1000以上時,該速崩片劑的硬度則會下降。
[實施例3]-製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類作為有效成分的懸浮製劑
1)於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽溶液中後,該混合物係於60至70℃攪拌超過一小時。
2)接著,添加一調味劑、一著色劑、一穩定劑、一防腐劑、一緩衝劑、或一賦形劑於純水中,藉由攪拌而將上述材料溶解或混合以製備一懸浮製劑。
[實施例4]-製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類作為有效成分的顆粒製劑
1)於添加β-環糊精至液態的伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽溶液中後,該混合物係於60至70℃攪拌超過一小時。
2)接著,沉澱該溶液,並過濾及乾燥後得到一固體。接著準備一包括一黏合劑、一崩解劑、以及一賦形劑(稀釋劑)的溶液,並將所得的該固體加入流化床造粒機中,並進行噴霧乾燥以製備顆粒製劑。
實施例3及實施例4中,添加β-環糊精同樣可達到掩味效果。
[實施例5]-探討添加酸化劑的功效
(1)包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類的薄膜製劑。
本實施例的薄膜製劑的製備方法係與實施例1相同,並藉由添加如表13及表14所示的酸化劑,於酸性環境下製備。接著,測量其掩味效果以及成膜性。表13係顯示包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜製劑的成分;表14係顯示包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽的薄膜製劑的成分。
製備方法:將伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽或伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、以及β-環糊精溶於水中後,加熱至60到70℃,並攪拌一小時。接著,添加甘油、三氯蔗糖、甜味劑、以及調味劑,並藉由攪拌將其溶解或分散,再藉由一均質機(Ultra-Turax T-25,IKA)均質化該混合物。此後,添加一高分子(普魯藍)作為成膜劑,並使用相同的均質機將其均質化。接著將稀釋的酸化劑溶液(酒石酸5mg/mL)少量並逐次加入該混合物中,以調整至如表13及表14所示的pH值。將所得的溶液於真空下去氣,並將去氣後的溶液塗佈於一聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)薄膜上,並具有一適當的厚度,接著,於60至80℃乾燥該溶液以製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類的薄膜製劑。
(2)包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類的速崩片劑
本實施例的速崩片劑的製備方法係與實施例2相同,並藉由添加如表16及表17所示的酸化劑,於酸性環境下製備。接著,測量其掩味效果以及硬度。表16係顯示包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的速崩片劑的成分;表17係顯示包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽的速崩片劑的成分。
[實施例6]-添加酸類對於增加穩定性的效果
[測試例]
穩定性測試方法
測定值(%)以及總雜質(%)係利用高效液相色譜(HPLC)來測定。用於進行高效液相色譜的測試溶液係如以下方法製備。
-測試溶液的製備
將包含1mg的薄膜置入10mL的燒瓶中,並與一移動相混合。將該混合物離心30分鐘,接著,利用0.45-μm的過濾器(水溶性PVDF)過濾該離心液。藉此獲得測試溶液(0.1mg/mL)。
-標準液的製備
將20mg的伐尼克蘭的鹽類添加至200mL的燒瓶中,並與一移動相混合。該混合物經超音波處理以及攪拌,藉此獲得一標準液(0.1mg/mL)。
-高效液相色譜(HPLC)的參數:
檢測器:UV(237nm)
管柱:ODS,150×4.6mm,5μm
流速:1.0mL/分鐘
移動相
A:ACN:緩衝液(88:12)
B:CAN
*緩衝液=1.3606克的KH2PO4
<梯度條件>
-測定值(%):
測定值(%)=At/As×Cs/Ct×P
At:伐尼克蘭於測試溶液中的面積響應
As:伐尼克蘭於標準溶液中的面積響應
Ct:伐尼克蘭於測試溶液中的濃度
Cs:伐尼克蘭於標準溶液中的濃度
P:去氨加壓素乙酸鹽標準品的純度(%)
-總雜質(%):
總雜質=個別雜質的總和
個別雜質(%)=Ai/At×100
Ai:雜質於測試溶液中的面積響應
At:伐尼克蘭於測試溶液中的面積響應
乾燥損失(LOD)
乾燥損失的測試係根據USP 731中所描述的方法,於105℃下進行4小時。
穩定性係於一加速條件下進行測試(40±2℃,相對溼度60±5℃)。為了避免與外界的水分接觸,本測試係將該藥物製劑置放並密封於多層的鋁箔容器中之後以進行。
測定值(%)為伐尼克蘭於藥物製劑中的存量;而改變量(%)為測定值(%)根據時間的改變量,其反應了伐尼克蘭於藥物製劑中,根據時間而改變的存量。測定值(%)係於0、4、及8周後量測,而測定值(%)於0周與8周之間的差異係被紀錄為改變量(%)。
總雜質(%)為伐尼克蘭衍生的相關物質於藥物製劑中的含量;而改變量(%)為總雜質(%)根據時間的改變量,其反應了伐尼克蘭衍生的相關物質於藥物製劑中,根據時間改變的存量。總雜質(%)係於0、4、及8周後量測,而總雜質(%)於0周與8周之間的差異係被紀錄為改變量(%)。
6-1. 酸於包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜製劑的穩定功效
伐尼克蘭的鹽類的穩定度係於使用不同酸調整用於製備薄膜製劑的溶液的pH值為4後而測定。
製備方法:將伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽以及β-環糊精溶解於水中之後,將該混合物加熱至60至70℃並攪拌1小時。接著,添加甘油、三氯蔗糖、甜味劑、以及調味劑,並藉由攪拌將其溶解或分散,再藉由一均質機(Ultra-Turax T-24,IKA)均質化該混合物。此後,添加普魯藍,並使用相同的均質機將其均質化。接著將稀釋的酸化劑溶液(酒石酸5mg/mL)少量並逐次加入該混合物中,以調整至如表20及表21所示的pH值。將所得的溶液於真空下去氣,並將去氣後的溶液塗佈於一聚乙烯對苯二甲酸酯(PET)薄膜上,並具有一適當的厚度,接著,於60至80℃乾燥該溶液以製備包含伐尼克蘭的鹽類的薄膜製劑。
乾燥損失測試條件:105℃,4小時。
伐尼克蘭與及相關物質的改變量係與添加的酸有關。尤其添加酒石酸、水楊酸、苯甲酸、醋酸、或磷酸使得薄膜於pH 4.0的條件下製備,所製備的薄膜製劑中,可降低伐尼克蘭隨著時間的改變量以及更少伐尼克蘭相關物質的產生,以顯示其優異的穩定度。
此外,添加酒石酸的薄膜製劑亦展現了優異的掩味功效以及高溶解度。
6-2. 酸於包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜製劑的穩定功效
伐尼克蘭的鹽類的穩定度係於使用不同酸調整用於製備薄膜製劑的溶液的pH值為4後而測定。
保存條件:加速條件(40℃,60%相對溼度)
保存容器:多層鋁箔
伐尼克蘭與及相關物質的改變量係與添加的酸有關。尤其添加酒石酸、水楊酸、苯甲酸、醋酸、或磷酸使得薄膜於pH 4.0的條件下製備,所製備的薄膜製劑中,可降低伐尼克蘭隨著時間的改變量以及更少伐尼克蘭相關物質的產生,以顯示其優異的穩定度。
6-3. pH值對於包含伐尼克蘭酒石酸鹽的薄膜製劑的穩定度影響
以上評估驗證了當用於製備薄膜製劑的溶液的pH值為3-5時,可降低伐尼克蘭隨著時間的改變量以及更少伐尼克蘭相關物質的產生,以顯示其優異的穩定度。
6.4. pH值對於包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽的薄膜製劑的穩定度影響
以上評估驗證了當用於製備薄膜製劑的溶液的pH值為3-5時,可降低伐尼克蘭隨著時間的改變量以及更少伐尼克蘭相關物質的產生,以顯示其優異的穩定度。
產業利用性
本發明的藥物製劑為優異的口服藥物製劑,其可掩蓋伐尼克蘭或其藥學上可接受鹽類的苦味,以改善吞嚥情況。
本發明的藥物製劑可作為戒菸輔助劑。
無。
Claims (5)
- 一種伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽的口服藥物製劑的製備方法,其步驟包括:(S1)製備包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽、以及一溶劑的一混合物;(S2)添加環糊精至該混合物中,並藉由加熱並攪拌該環糊精及該混合物以形成一包含一環糊精內含錯合物的混合物;(S3)混合一藥學上可接受添加劑以及該包含該環糊精內含錯合物的混合物以形成一溶液,其中,該溶液係用於製備一製劑;以及(S4)將該溶液製備成該製劑;於步驟(S2)中,該環糊精內含錯合物係於攪拌時加入一酸而製備,且包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽以及該環糊精的該環糊精內含錯合物係藉由添加該酸而於pH 2.5-5.5的環境下製備而成;以及其中,該酸係一或多個選自由酒石酸、水楊酸、苯甲酸、乙酸、及磷酸所組成的群組。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的製備方法,其中,該環糊精為β-環糊精。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的製備方法,其中,該製劑為一薄膜製劑,於步驟(S4)中,該薄膜製劑係藉由均勻化一成膜聚合物、以及該包含環糊精內含錯合物以及該藥學上可接受添加劑的混合物,並乾燥之而製備。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的製備方法,其中,於步驟(S2)中,包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽以及該環糊精的該環糊精內含錯合物係藉由 混合重量比為2:1至1:230的伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽以及該環糊精,並於添加該酸而於pH 2.5-5.5的環境下製備而成。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的製備方法,其中,該口服藥物製劑為一戒菸輔助劑,該戒菸輔助劑包含伐尼克蘭水楊酸鹽以及該環糊精的一環糊精內含錯合物。
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| JP7390830B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-11 | 2023-12-04 | 日本食品化工株式会社 | 医薬活性化合物の苦味抑制剤及び苦味抑制方法 |
| TW202317136A (zh) * | 2021-06-25 | 2023-05-01 | 漢達醫藥股份有限公司 | 穩定之伐尼克蘭劑型 |
| AU2022326252A1 (en) * | 2021-08-07 | 2024-03-21 | Lupin Limited | Stabilized solid oral pharmaceutical composition of varenicline |
| US20240374609A1 (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2024-11-14 | Viwit Pharmaceuticalco., Ltd. | Nitrosamine impurity, varenicline pharmaceutical composition capable of reducing generation of nitrosamine impurities and preparation and use thereof |
| CN113908131A (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-01-11 | 山东威智中科药业有限公司 | 一种能够减少亚硝胺杂质生成的伐尼克兰药物组合物及其制备与应用 |
| CN115707470A (zh) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-21 | 山东威智中科药业有限公司 | 一种低亚硝胺杂质含量的伐尼克兰药物组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| WO2023075826A1 (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | The Texas A&M University System | Compositions of stable metformin and similar drug products with control on nitroso impurities |
| EP4593812A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2025-08-06 | Inventia Healthcare Limited | Compositions with reduced nitrosamine impurities |
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| TW201834659A (zh) | 2018-10-01 |
| JP2020509059A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
| JP7137850B2 (ja) | 2022-09-15 |
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