TWI768955B - Method and composition for regulating plant architecture - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for regulating plant architecture includes applying a composition containing γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid, and choline chloride to a plant. The composition for regulating plant architecture is also provided.

Description

A kind of method and composition for regulating plant configuration

The present invention relates to a method for regulating plant configuration, in particular to a combination comprising γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid (glutamic acid), and choline chloride (choline chloride) A method of applying a substance to a plant to modulate the configuration of the plant.

Landscape crops such as potted plants include flower viewing, foliage viewing, fruit viewing and flower bed plants, etc., which are indispensable elements of space greening. High-quality potted flowers require short plant size, compact growth of branches and leaves, less leggy, multi-branching, lodging resistance, stout stems, numerous and compact flowers, and lush leaves. Therefore, it is very important to regulate the above-ground architecture of plants for landscape crop cultivation.

Topping and topping pruning is a physical method to adjust the above-ground configuration of plants by removing plant growth points to reduce apical dominance and promote the growth of lateral shoots at lower nodes, thereby producing a more compact plant growth situation. However, topping and topping pruning require a lot of labor. This labor-intensive method greatly increases production costs and is not suitable for large-scale planting models.

In addition to physical methods, there are also different chemical methods to reduce plant height and/or increase plant branching. Gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitors, such as ancymidol, chlormequat chloride, and flurprimidol, are used to reduce stem elongation, thereby making plants compact. Dikegulac sodium is a chemical pinching agent that is transported to the apical meristem and inhibits DNA synthesis, causing apical meristem cell death and reducing apical dominance. The ethylene-releasing agent Ethephon inhibits stem elongation and reduces apical dominance. In addition, the cytokinin 6-benzyladine was used to promote lateral shoot growth. However, these plant growth regulators often cause crop damage such as phytotoxicity and necrosis. Therefore, there is a need for better methods to regulate the above-ground architecture of plants and promote plant branching.

In one aspect, the present invention relates to a method for regulating plant configuration, comprising applying a composition for regulating plant configuration to a plant, the composition for regulating plant configuration comprising about 10-625 mg/L of γ- Aminobutyric acid (GABA), about 40-2,500 mg/L glutamic acid, and about 30-1,875 mg/L choline chloride.

In another aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for promoting plant branching, comprising about 10-625 mg/L gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), about 40-2,500 mg/L glutamic acid, and about 30~1,875 mg/L of choline chloride.

The present invention is exemplified by the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited by the following examples.

The applicant of the present application has unexpectedly discovered that application of a composition comprising exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamic acid, and choline chloride to a plant can significantly modulate plant configuration, including increasing the plant's Total number of branches, reduce apical dominance, reduce branch length, make plants grow more compact, reduce leggy, increase lodging resistance, and/or increase the total number of buds of plants, etc.

Therefore, the present invention provides a method for regulating plant configuration, comprising applying a composition for regulating plant configuration to a plant, the composition for regulating plant configuration comprising about 10-625 mg/L of γ-amino groups Butyric acid (GABA), about 40 to 2,500 mg/L of glutamic acid, and about 30 to 1,875 mg/L of choline chloride.

In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration may further comprise about 0.01-1% (v/v) adjuvant. In other embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration may be free of adjuvants.

In certain embodiments, the adjuvant is a surfactant. In certain embodiments, the adjuvant is a drift control agent.

In certain embodiments, the plant is a potted plant, such as, but not limited to, foliage plants, flowering plants, fruit plants, and flower bed plants.

In certain embodiments, the plant configuration comprises the number of branches of the plant, the length of the branches of the plant, the number of buds, and the number of flowers.

In certain embodiments, modulating the plant configuration comprises, compared to a plant not applying the composition for modulating plant configuration, a plant to which the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied has an increased number of branches, increased branching Reduced branch length, increased number of buds, and increased number of flowers.

In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied to the plant during the vegetative growth stage of the plant. In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied to the plant during the reproductive growth stage of the plant.

In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied to the shoots (eg, leaves, stems, flowers, and/or fruits) of plants, such as foliar application or by spraying. In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied to the subterranean (ie, roots) of the plant, eg, by soil application or soil infiltration, and/or to seeds, eg, by seed treatment.

The present invention also provides a composition for regulating plant configuration, comprising about 10-625 mg/L γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), about 40-2,500 mg/L glutamic acid, and about 30-1,875 mg /L of choline chloride.

In certain embodiments, the concentration of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is about 10-625 mg/L, about 50-500 mg/L, about 75-300 mg/L, about 100-200 mg/L L, preferably includes, but is not limited to, about 10, about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50, about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90, about 100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 625 mg/L, or any concentration of about 10-650 mg/L, not limited to an integer Concentrations, such as, but not limited to, about 10.65 mg/L, about 57.34 mg/L, about 312.98 mg/L, etc.; in certain embodiments, the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is about 10, about 100 , about 250, about 500, about 625 mg/L.

In some specific embodiments, the concentration of glutamic acid is about 40-2,500 mg/L, about 100-2,000 mg/L, about 250-1,000 mg/L, preferably including, but not limited to, about 40, about 45, about 50, about 55, about 60, about 65, about 70, about 75, about 80, about 85, about 90, about 95, about 100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300, about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about 650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950, about 1,000, about 1,050, about 1,100 , about 1,150, about 1,200, about 1,250, about 1,300, about 1,350, about 1,400, about 1,450, about 1,500, about 1,550, about 1,600, about 1,650, about 1,700, about 1,750, about 1,800, about 1,850, about 1,900, about 1,950, about 2,000, about 2,050, about 2,100, about 2,150, about 2,200, about 2,250, about 2,300, about 2,350, about 2,400, about 2,450, about 2,500 mg/L, or any concentration of about 40-2,500 mg/L , not limited to an integer concentration, such as, but not limited to, about 70.73 mg/L, about 658.33 mg/L, about 2,237.64 mg/L, etc.; in certain embodiments, the concentration of glutamic acid is about 40, about 100 , about 250, about 400, about 1,000, about 1,500, about 2,000, about 2,500 mg/L.

In certain embodiments, the concentration of choline chloride is about 30-1,875 mg/L, about 100-1,500 mg/L, about 200-1,000 mg/L, about 300-500 mg/L, preferably including , but not limited to, about 30 mg/L, about 100 mg/L, about 200 mg/L, about 300 mg/L, about 400 mg/L, about 500 mg/L, about 600 mg/L, about 700 mg /L, about 800 mg/L, about 900 mg/L, about 1,000 mg/L, about 1,100 mg/L, about 1,200 mg/L, about 1,300 mg/L, about 1,400 mg/L, about 1,500 mg/L , about 1,600 mg/L, about 1,700 mg/L, about 1,800 mg/L, about 1,875 mg/L, or any concentration of about 30 to 1,875 mg/L, not limited to an integer concentration, such as, but not limited to , about 117.65 mg/L, about 533.14 mg/L, about 1,294.63 mg/L, etc.; in certain embodiments, the concentration of choline chloride is about 20 mg/L, about 100 mg/L, about 300 mg/L L, about 500 mg/L, about 1,000 mg/L, about 1,500 mg/L, or about 1,875 mg/L.

20、Tween

40、Tween

60、Tween

65、Tween

80、Tween

85、Laureth-4、Ceteth-2、Ceteth-20、Steareth-2、PEG40、PEG100、PEG150、PEG200、PEG600、Span

20、Span

40、Span

60、Span

65、Span

80。示例性的飄移控制劑包括LI 700

，係可購自Loveland Products公司(Loveland市，科羅拉多州，美國)。In certain embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration of the present invention may further comprise one or more adjuvants. In other embodiments, the composition for modulating plant configuration of the present invention may not contain an adjuvant. For example, the composition for modulating plant conformation of the present invention may include a surfactant and/or a drift control agent. Exemplary surfactants include, but are not limited to, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, preferably include, but are not limited to, Tween

20. Tween

40. Tween

60. Tween

65. Tween

80. Tween

85, Laureth-4, Ceteth-2, Ceteth-20, Steareth-2, PEG40, PEG100, PEG150, PEG200, PEG600, Span

20. Span

40. Span

60. Span

65. Span

80. Exemplary drift control agents include LI 700

, available from Loveland Products (Loveland, Colorado, USA).

In certain embodiments, the concentration of the adjuvant is about 0.01-1% (v/v), preferably including but not limited to about 0.01, about 0.02, about 0.03, about 0.04, about 0.05, about 0.06, about 0.0 .7, about 0.08, about 0.09, about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, about 1% (v/v); in certain embodiments , the concentration of adjuvant was about 0.1% (v/v).

Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in conjunction with this document shall have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. The methods and techniques of the present invention can generally be performed according to conventional methods known in the art. In general, the nomenclature described herein to link the following techniques, as well as the techniques of biochemistry, enzymology, molecular and cellular biology, microbiology, genetics, and horticulture, are those known in the art and commonly used . Unless otherwise indicated, the methods and techniques of the present invention can generally be performed according to conventional methods known in the art and are described in various general and more specific references that are cited and discussed in this specification.

。As used herein, the term "gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)", also known as ₄ -aminobutanoic acid or aminobutyric acid, means a compound having the chemical _{formula C4H9NO2} and non-protein amino acids with the following chemical structures:

.

或

。As used herein, the term "glutamic acid", also known as ₂ -aminopentanedioic acid, means an amino acid having the chemical _{formula C5H9NO4} and having the following chemical structure :

or

.

。As used herein, the term "choline chloride" means an organic compound having the chemical _formula (( _CH3 ) _3N (Cl ₎ CH2CH2OH) and having the following chemical structure:

.

系列、Laureth系列、Ceteth系列、Steareth系列、PEG系列、Span

系列的介面活性劑。As used herein, the term "surfactant" refers to a molecule with the chemical formula RCOOM, where R represents a long-chain alkyl group and M represents a base, that is, a molecule containing both long-chain alkyl groups (such as, but not limited to, , fatty acid) lipophilic group, and the chemical molecule of the hydrophilic group that can disperse or dissolve oily substances in water. Surfactants described herein include, but are not limited to, cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, such as, but not limited to, Tween

Series, Laureth Series, Ceteth Series, Steareth Series, PEG Series, Span

series of surfactants.

As used herein, the term "modulating plant architecture" means that plants to which the composition of the present invention is applied have more lateral branch differentiation, and/or a shorter plant size, relative to plants to which the composition of the present invention is not applied, and /or more compact foliage growth, and/or less leggy, and/or more branching, and/or better lodging resistance, and/or more stout stems, and/or reduced apical dominance, and/or Or the flowers are numerous and compact, and/or the leaves are lush, etc.

As used herein, the term "apical dominance" means that the growth of the central stem/shoot of a plant is stronger than the growth of other lateral stems/shoots, or that the terminal bud and shoot tip ( shoot apex) controls the growth of lateral buds.

As used herein, the term "promoting plant branching" means that plants to which the compositions of the present invention are applied reduce apical dominance, increase lateral stems/shoots, and/or Growth of lateral buds. There are two types of plant branching: dichotomous branching and lateral or axillary branching; types of lateral branches include racemose or monopodial branching and poly cymose or sympodial branching; types of cymose branches include, but are not limited to, uniparous cymose branching, biparous cymose branching ), multiparous cymose branching.

As used herein, the terms "about", "approximately" or "approximately" mean substantially within 20% of the stated value or range, preferably within 10%, and more preferably within 5%. Numerical quantities provided herein are approximations intended to be inferred if the terms "about," "approximately," or "approximately" were not used.

As used herein, the articles "a," "an," and "any" refer to grammatical items of one or more than one (ie, at least one) item. For example, "an element" means one element or more than one element.

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation. Based on the present disclosure, those of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Example

Example 1 Experiment of increasing the number of branches and buds in daily spring with the composition of the present invention

1. Preparation of test plants

The seedlings of Rosy periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus were used as test materials. The seeds of Ri Ri Chun were collected in the field of Nantou City, Nantou County, Taiwan. After cultivation, the plants were self-pollinated and their seeds were collected. The collected seeds were sown in a plug tray containing a medium (peat soil: vermiculite = 3:1), and after the cotyledons of the plant were fully expanded, the Ririspring seedlings were moved to 3-inch pots for cultivation.

2. Reagents

80。The reagent composition of each test group is shown in Table 1 below, and the control group reagent is distilled water and 0.1% (v/v) surfactant Tween is added.

80.

 80 對照組 0 0   0.1% (v/v) 處理組1-1 100 mg/L 0   0.1% (v/v) 處理組1-2 0 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) 處理組1-3 100mg/L 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) Table 1 Reagent composition group Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) glutamic acid Choline chloride Tween

80 control group 0 0 0.1% (v/v) Treatment groups 1-1 100 mg/L 0 0.1% (v/v) Treatment groups 1-2 0 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) Treatment groups 1-3 100mg/L 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v)

3. Treatment of test plants

When the second pair of true leaves of the above-mentioned Ririspring plants were fully unfolded, the reagents of each treatment group and the control group were respectively treated by foliar spraying on the Ririspring plants, and the second treatment was carried out two weeks after the first treatment. Treatment, that is, a total of two treatments during the test period, with a two-week interval between each treatment. 12 plants per group (n = 12). After treatment, the test plants were cultured until the flowering stage for subsequent analysis.

4. Analysis method

a. Plant morphology: The plant morphology was observed on each test plant one week after the second treatment with the agent.

b. Total number of branches: Calculate the total number of branches of each test plant one week after the second treatment with the reagent. This experiment was performed three times.

c. Number of total flower buds: Calculate the total number of flower buds of each test plant one week after the second treatment with the reagent. The total number of flower buds is the total number of flower buds with a length of more than 0.5 cm in a test plant. This experiment was performed three times.

d. Data analysis and statistical methods: Calculate the mean value and standard error value of each group of plants (n = 12), and use Student's t-test to analyze whether the difference between treatment groups 1-3 and other groups There is a significant difference, when the p value is less than 0.05, it represents a significant difference between the two groups, which is indicated by an asterisk (*).

5. Results

a. Plant morphology: One week after the second treatment with the reagents, the morphology of the plants in the control group and the treatment groups 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 are shown in Figure 1A and Figure 1B, 1C, and 1D, respectively. In control plants and plants treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 1-1) or glutamic acid and choline chloride (treatment group 1-2), treated with the composition of the present invention. The number of branches of the plants (treatment groups 1-3) was significantly higher, and the configuration of the plants was better.

b. Total number of branches: As shown in Figure 2, one week after the second treatment with the agent, compared with the control plants and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 1-1) or glutamic acid Plants treated with choline chloride (treatment groups 1-2), the plants treated with the composition of the present invention (treatment groups 1-3) had the largest number of total branches, and treatment groups 1-3 were respectively relative to the control group, There were significant differences between treatment groups 1-1 and 1-2 ( p < 0.05).

c. Number of total flower buds: One week after the second treatment with the reagent, the flower bud patterns of the plants in the control group and the treatment groups 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 are shown in Figure 3A and Figure 3B, 3C, and 3D, respectively. Compared with control plants and plants treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 1-1) or glutamic acid and choline chloride (treatment group 1-2), treated with the composition of the present invention The number of flowers and buds of the plants (treatment groups 1-3) were higher. In addition, as shown in Figure 4, one week after the second treatment with the reagents, compared to the control plants and plants treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment groups 1-1) or glutamic acid and choline chloride (Treatment group 1-2) treated plants, the plants treated with the composition of the present invention (treatment group 1-3) had the largest number of total flower buds, and the treatment group 1-3 was compared with the control group, treatment group 1-1, Treatment groups 1-2 were all significantly different ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01).

Summary: The test results of this example show that, compared with the control group and the application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or the application of glutamic acid and choline chloride alone, the composition for promoting plant branching of the present invention It can indeed improve the above-ground structure of plants, promote plant branching, and increase the number of total buds and flowers.

Example 2 Experiments on increasing the number of geranium branches and dwarfing plants with the composition of the present invention

1. Preparation of test plants

Geranium (Geranium, Pelargonium x hortorum LH Bail) (Nongyou Seedling Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan) seedlings were used as test materials. Geranium seeds were sown in plug trays containing medium (peat soil: vermiculite = 3:1), and after the cotyledons of the plants were fully expanded, the geranium seedlings were moved to 3-inch pots for cultivation.

2. Reagents

80。The reagent composition of each test group is shown in Table 2 below, and the control group reagent is distilled water with 0.1% (v/v) surfactant Tween added.

80.

  80 對照組 0 0 0 0.1% (v/v) 處理組2-1 100 mg/L 0 0 0.1% (v/v) 處理組2-2 0 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) 處理組2-3 100 mg/L 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) Table 2 Reagent composition group Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) glutamic acid Choline chloride Tween

80 control group 0 0 0 0.1% (v/v) Treatment group 2-1 100 mg/L 0 0 0.1% (v/v) Treatment group 2-2 0 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v) Treatment groups 2-3 100 mg/L 400 mg/L 300 mg/L 0.1% (v/v)

3. Treatment of test plants

When the third pair of true leaves of the above-mentioned geranium seedlings are fully unfolded, the treatment group reagent and the control group reagent are respectively treated by foliar spraying to the geranium seedlings, and the second treatment is carried out two weeks after the first treatment, that is, the test. During the period, the patients were treated twice, and the interval between each treatment was two weeks. 7 plants per group (n = 7). After the second treatment, the test plants were cultured for another week for subsequent analysis.

4. Analysis method

a. Plant morphology: The plant morphology was observed on each test plant one week after the second treatment with the agent.

b. Total number of branches: Calculate the total number of branches of each test plant one week after the second treatment with the reagent. This experiment was performed three times.

c. Average branch length: Calculate the average branch length of each test plant one week after the second treatment with the reagent. Branch length is the distance from the main stem to the growth point of a branch, and the average branch length is calculated as follows: (sum of branch lengths of all branches of a plant) / (total number of branches of the plant). This experiment was performed three times.

d. Data analysis and statistical methods: Calculate the mean value and standard error value of each group of plants (n = 7), and use Student's t-test to analyze whether the difference between treatment groups 2-3 and other groups There is a significant difference, when the p value is less than 0.05, it represents a significant difference between the two groups, which is indicated by an asterisk (*).

5. Results

a. Plant morphology: One week after the second treatment with the reagents, the morphology of the plants in the control group and the treatment groups 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3 are shown in Figure 5A and Figure 5B, 5C, and 5D, respectively. In the control plants and plants treated with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 2-1) or glutamic acid and choline chloride (treatment group 2-2), treated with the composition of the present invention. The number of branches of the plants (treatment groups 2-3) was significantly higher, and the configuration of the plants was better.

b. Total number of branches: As shown in Figure 6, one week after the second treatment with the agent, compared with the control plants and the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 2-1) or glutamic acid With the plants treated with choline chloride (treatment group 2-2), the plants treated with the composition of the present invention (treatment group 2-3) had the largest number of total branches, and treatment groups 2-3 were respectively relative to the control group, The treatment group 2-1 and the treatment group 2-2 both had significant differences ( p < 0.05).

c. Average branch length: As shown in Fig. 7, one week after the second treatment with the agent, compared with the control plants and with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone (treatment group 2-1) or glutamic acid The plants treated with choline chloride (treatment group 2-2), the plants treated with the composition of the present invention (treatment group 2-3) had the shortest average branch length, and the treatment groups 2-3 were respectively relative to the control group, The treatment group 2-1 and the treatment group 2-2 both had significant differences ( p < 0.05).

Summary: The test results of this example show that, compared with the control group and the application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) alone or the application of glutamic acid and choline chloride alone, the composition for promoting plant branching of the present invention It can indeed improve the above-ground structure of plants, promote plant branching, and shorten the length of branches to dwarf plants.

Figure 1 shows the plant morphology of Ri Richun one week after the second treatment with the reagent; Figure 1A is the control group, Figure 1B is the treatment group 1-1, Figure 1C is the treatment group 1-2, and Figure 1D is Treatment groups 1-3 plants.

Figure 2 shows the statistical results of the total number of branches one week after Ri Richun was treated with the reagent twice. * indicates p &lt; 0.05.

Fig. 3 shows the flower bud shape of Ri Ri Chun after two treatments with the reagent; Fig. 3A is the flower bud of the control group, Fig. 3B is the flower bud of the treatment group 1-1 plant, Fig. 3C is the treatment group 1-2 plant Figure 3D shows the buds of plants in treatment groups 1-3.

Figure 4 shows the statistical results of the total number of flower buds one week after Ri Richun was treated with the reagent twice. * denotes p &lt;0.05; ** denotes p &lt; 0.01.

Fig. 5 shows the plant morphology of geranium one week after treatment with the reagent for two times; Fig. 5A is the control group, Fig. 5B is the treatment group 2-1 plant, Fig. 5C is the treatment group 2-2 plant, Fig. 5D is the treatment group 2-3 plants.

Figure 6 shows the statistical results of the total number of branches one week after the geranium was treated twice with the reagent. * indicates p &lt; 0.05.

Figure 7 shows the statistical results of the average branch length one week after the geranium was treated twice with the reagent. * indicates p &lt; 0.05.

Claims (10)

A method for regulating and controlling plant configuration, comprising applying a composition for regulating and controlling plant configuration to a plant, the composition for regulating and controlling plant configuration containing 10 to 625 mg of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 1 L of water , 40~2,500mg of glutamic acid, and 30~1,875mg of choline chloride. The method of claim 1, wherein the composition for modulating plant configuration further comprises 0.01-1% (v/v) adjuvant. The method of claim 2, wherein the adjuvant is a surfactant. The method of claim 2, wherein the adjuvant is a drift control agent. The method of claim 1, wherein the plant configuration comprises the number of branches of the plant, the length of the branches of the plant, the number of buds, and the number of flowers. The method of claim 1, wherein modulating the plant configuration comprises increasing the number of branches, dividing the number of branches in a plant to which the composition for modulating plant configuration is applied, compared to a plant not applying the composition for modulating plant configuration. Reduced branch length, increased number of buds, and increased number of flowers. A composition for regulating plant configuration, containing 10-625 mg of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 40-2,500 mg of glutamic acid, and 30-1,875 mg of chlorinated acid in 1 L of water choline. The composition of claim 7, further comprising 0.01-1% (v/v) adjuvant. The composition of claim 8, wherein the adjuvant is a surfactant. The composition of claim 8, wherein the adjuvant is a drift control agent.

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