TWI759739B - 新穎性醫藥組合物於修復視網膜損傷與治療視網膜病變之用途 - Google Patents
新穎性醫藥組合物於修復視網膜損傷與治療視網膜病變之用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明之改善視網膜功能或治療視覺病變之組合物,包含從自體細胞中取出的粒線體與外源性的粒線體至少一者。此組合物可改善視網膜細胞老化的情況、修復視網膜損傷並治療視覺病變。
Description
本發明係關於修復視網膜損傷、改善視網膜功能或治療視覺病變之組合物。
視網膜病變係由於視網膜部分細胞退化或壞死而導致視力減退或全盲。視網膜位於眼球底部,可將視覺影像傳到腦部。視網膜由多層細胞組成,包含有感光細胞、視網膜色素上皮層細胞(Retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)等。視網膜色素上皮層細胞為一層緊貼於視網膜感覺神經外的色素細胞。視網膜色素上皮層細胞含有色素小顆粒,負責提供養分與氧氣給感光細胞,以維持感光細胞所需之營養。視網膜色素上皮細胞亦負責調節離子濃度、排除代謝廢棄物等,藉以維持感光細胞、視神經細胞等的正常運作。
然而,隨著老化或環境傷害,會造成視網膜色素上皮層細胞失去功能,甚至造成細胞死亡,進而導致多種視網膜病變產生,例如:視網膜色素病變、黃斑部病變、糖尿病視網膜病變
等。因此,如何修復視網膜損傷或是恢復視網膜功能以治療或減緩眼部疾病,成為目前研究的目標。
本發明實施例提供之包含粒線體之組合物,可修復視網膜損傷、改善視網膜功能或治療視覺病變。
本發明實施例提供一種粒線體用於製備修復視網膜損傷之組合物的用途。
本發明實施例提供一種粒線體用於製備治療視覺病變之組合物的用途。
本發明實施例提供一種改善視網膜功能或治療視覺病變之組合物,包含從自體細胞中取出的粒線體與外源性的粒線體至少一者。
本發明實施例提供之包含粒線體之組合物,可改善視網膜細胞老化的情況、修復視網膜損傷、改善視網膜功能並治療視覺病變。
圖1為使用tBHP誘導細胞老化的實驗結果。
圖2為使用本發明實施例之包含粒線體的組合物改善細胞老化的實驗結果。
圖3為細胞中粒線體之ATP合成耗氧率。
圖4為細胞中粒線體之最大耗氧率。
圖5為細胞中粒線體之媒合效率。
圖6為SD大鼠的視網膜電流圖。
於以下實施方式中詳細敘述本發明之詳細特徵及優點,其內容足以使任何熟習相關技藝者了解本發明之技術內容並據以實施,且根據本說明書所揭露的內容、申請專利範圍及圖式,任何熟習相關技藝者可輕易理解本發明相關之目的及優點。以下實施例係進一步詳細說明本發明之觀點,但非以任何觀點限制本發明之範疇。
粒線體在細胞內除了提供能量給細胞外,還負責調控細胞內氧化壓力、訊號傳遞等功能。近年來已有文獻指出老化、紫外光、氧化壓力等皆會造成位於視網膜的部分細胞突變程度增加、氧化壓力調控失衡、粒線體結構與功能異常等,最終造成視覺病變。視覺病變造成的疾病例如包含視網膜病變、青光眼、白內障等。視網膜病變例如包含視網膜色素病變、糖尿病視網膜病變、非增殖性糖尿病視網膜病變、增殖性糖尿病視網膜病變、高血壓性視網膜病變、早產兒視網膜病變、放射性視網膜病變、日光性視網膜病變、黃斑部病變等。黃斑部病變例如包含糖尿病黃斑部水腫等。因此,透過在視覺病變處施予健康的粒線體,可修復病變細胞之損傷、改善病變細胞功能並治療視覺病變。
本發明一實施例提供改善視網膜功能或治療視覺病變之組合物,包含從自體細胞中取出的粒線體與外源性的粒線體
至少一者。粒線體可取自哺乳動物之單核球細胞、胚胎幹細胞、間質幹細胞、造血幹細胞、CD34+幹細胞、骨髓幹細胞等具有粒線體的細胞。在部分實施例中,粒線體較佳為取自與被施用組合物者同種之細胞,例如被施用組合物者為人類則使用人類之細胞,被施用組合物者為狗則使用狗之細胞。在部分實施例中,粒線體亦可為取自與被施用組合物者同種或不同種的細胞,經體外保存或體外培養後獲得的外源性粒線體。在本發明部分實施例中,本組合物可更包含藥學上可接受的載體,藥學上可接受的載體包含用於任何標準醫療產品或美容產品的載體,依據組成物的形式載體可為半固體或液體。舉例而言,載體包含但不限於玻尿酸、明膠、乳化劑、水、生理食鹽水、緩衝鹽水或乙醇等可維持粒線體活性之物質。
在本發明部分實施例之組合物中,粒線體的重量可為5微克至1000微克。在本發明部分實施例之組合物中,粒線體的重量可為5微克至200微克。在本發明之組合物中,粒線體的濃度可為每毫升5微克至16000微克(μg/mL)。在本發明一部份實施例中,粒線體的濃度為每毫升1000微克至16000微克。在本發明另一部份實施例中,粒線體的濃度為每毫升3000微克至8000微克。在本發明再一部份實施例中,粒線體的濃度為每毫升5微克至80微克。在本發明又一部份實施例中,粒線體的濃度為每毫升15微克至40微克。
本發明之組合物可透過口服、注射等方式給予視網
膜。在本發明部份實施例中,較佳為直接對視網膜進行透過注射的方式給予視網膜此組合物,但不以此為限。本發明部分實施例之組合物中粒線體的有效劑量為每平方公釐視網膜面積5微克至200微克。本發明部分實施例之組合物中粒線體的有效劑量為每平方公釐視網膜面積5微克至80微克。本發明部分實施例之組合物中粒線體的有效劑量為每平方公釐視網膜面積25微克至66.7微克。舉例而言,在0.6平方公釐的視網膜下腔中,給予的組合物中粒線體有效劑量可為15微克至40微克。
在本發明部分實施例中,包含粒線體之組合物可修復視網膜細胞老化導致的損傷。並且,隨著粒線體濃度增加,修復的效果更好。
在本發明部分實施例中,包含粒線體之組合物可提高ATP合成耗氧率,表示粒線體合成ATP的能力提升;可提高最大耗氧率,表示粒線體的極限能力提升;可提高粒線體的媒合效率,表示粒線體的綜合能力變佳。因此,對受損傷或老化的視網膜細胞,施以實施例之包含粒線體的組合物,可提升粒線體的能力,以進一步產出能量供細胞進行細胞損傷修復或細胞老化改善。
在本發明部分實施例中,包含粒線體之組合物可改善受損之視網膜功能,包含改善視網膜中受損的桿狀細胞、錐狀細胞、繆勒氏細胞及雙極細胞的電流傳遞能力,表示包含粒線體之組合物可修復視網膜中受損的桿狀細胞、錐狀細胞、繆勒氏細
胞及雙極細胞,以達到治療如上述之視覺病變的效果。
以下說明如何製備本發明實施例之組合物。
本發明實施例所使用之粒線體取自人類脂肪幹細胞(adipose-derived stem cell,ADSC)。在培養皿中將人類脂肪幹細胞培養至細胞數為1.5×108個細胞,以杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝液(DPBS)沖洗細胞。接著,移除杜氏磷酸鹽緩衝液後,加入細胞剝離用之胰蛋白酶(Trypsin),在37℃下反應3分鐘後,再加入幹細胞培養液(Keratinocyte SFM(1X)液體(Gibco)、bovine pituitary extract(BPE,Gibco)、10%(重量百分濃度)胎牛血清(HyClone))以終止反應。接著,將細胞沖洗下來後打散,以600g離心10分鐘,移除上清液。接著,於細胞中加入80毫升之IBC-1緩衝液(225mM甘露醇、75mM蔗糖、0.1mM EDTA、30mM Tris-HClpH 7.4),在均質器中於冰上研磨15次。接著,以1000g離心15分鐘,將上清液收集至另一離心管,再以9000g離心10分鐘,移除上清液。所獲得之沉澱物即為粒線體。在粒線體沉澱物中加入1.5毫升之IBC-2緩衝液(225mM甘露醇、75mM蔗糖、30mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4)及蛋白質分解酶抑制劑,並置於4℃下保存。
本實驗使用人類視網膜色素上皮細胞株(a human retinal pigment epithelial cell line,ARPE-19)作為評估視網膜損傷的細胞模式。視網膜色素上皮細胞係與視網膜病變有重要關聯
的細胞,故常被用於探討視覺病變。本實驗使用之ARPE-19細胞的代數為4至10代間。ARPE-19細胞培養液為DMEM/F12培養基,包含2.5mM麩醯胺酸、15mM HEPES、0.5mM丙酮酸鈉、1200毫克/升(mg/L)碳酸氫鈉及10%(重量百分濃度)胎牛血清。
過氧化三級丁醇(tert-butyl hydroperoxide,tBHP)為一種有機過氧化物,常用作為誘導細胞氧化壓力損傷、老化與細胞凋亡的物質。在體外細胞模式中研究視覺病變時,tBHP也常被用於誘導視網膜色素上皮細胞損傷或老化。本實驗即使用tBHP作為誘導ARPE-19細胞損傷或老化之物質。
在老化的細胞中,老化相關-β-半乳糖苷酶(Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase,SA-β-gal)會被過度表達。因此,SA-β-gal可作為細胞衰老的標記之一。本實驗使用SA-β-gal套組(Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit #9860,Cell Signaling technology)來評估ARPE-19細胞的老化狀態。
在本實驗中,使用tBHP誘導ARPE-19細胞老化。透過SA-β-gal套組來評估tBHP對視網膜細胞的老化效果。以下說明實驗流程。
首先,取培養代數為4至10代間的ARPE-19細胞進行實驗。將ARPE-19細胞培養至培養皿的八分滿時,移除培養液並使用磷酸鹽緩衝液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)潤洗細胞。接著,加入0.25%之胰蛋白酶在37℃下反應5分鐘,再加入
ARPE-19細胞培養液以終止反應。接者,以每分鐘轉速1000(Revolutions Per Minute,rpm)離心5分鐘,移除上清液,再加入新的ARPE-19細胞培養液,進行細胞計數。接著,將ARPE-19細胞以每孔3×104個細胞的濃度以ARPE-19細胞培養液於24孔盤培養16小時。接著,於24孔盤中加入tBHP,使其於孔盤中的濃度分別為25μM、50μM、100μM,再培養24小時。培養完成後,使用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗ARPE-19細胞,並使用SA-β-gal套組進行細胞老化的評估。
實驗結果如表1及圖1所示。圖1為使用tBHP誘導細胞老化的實驗結果。圖1中的#代表相較於控制組具有顯著差異(p<0.01)。控制組為未經tBHP誘導老化的ARPE-19細胞。實驗組為經不同濃度之tBHP誘導老化的ARPE-19細胞。縱軸為老化程度(%),老化程度為老化的細胞數占所有的細胞數的百分比。實驗結果顯示,tBHP確實會使ARPE-19細胞的老化程度提高,且隨著tBHP的濃度增加,ARPE-19細胞的老化程度越大。
在本實驗中,使用100μM之tBHP誘導ARPE-19細
胞老化,並給予實施例之包含粒線體的組合物以改善細胞老化。透過SA-β-gal套組來評估包含粒線體的組合物對視網膜細胞之老化的改善效果。以下說明實驗流程。
實驗流程與上述之使用tBHP誘導細胞老化的實驗流程大致相同。差異在於將ARPE-19細胞以每孔3×104個細胞的濃度於24孔盤培養16小時。接著,於24孔盤中加入tBHP,使其於孔盤中的濃度為100μM,再培養4小時。接著,於24孔盤中再加入實施例一與實施例二之包含粒線體的組合物培養20小時。培養完成後,使用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗ARPE-19細胞,並使用SA-β-gal套組進行細胞老化的評估。
實驗結果如表2及圖2所示。圖2為使用本發明實施例之包含粒線體的組合物改善細胞老化的實驗結果。圖2中的#代表相較於控制組具有顯著差異(p<0.01)。控制組為未經tBHP誘導老化的ARPE-19細胞。對照組為僅施以100μM之tBHP且未施以實施例之組合物。縱軸為老化程度(%),老化程度為老化的細胞數占所有的細胞數的百分比。實驗結果顯示,施以實施例一之組合物(粒線體濃度為15μg/mL)與實施例二之組合物(粒線體濃度為40μg/mL)皆能改善ARPE-19細胞的老化程度。其中,又以粒線體濃度較高的實施例二的改善效果更為顯著。
細胞受損或老化,細胞內粒線體的狀態亦會有所改變。由於功能良好的粒線體可提供充足的能量予細胞進行代謝活動,故細胞內粒線體的功能好壞可代表細胞的健康程度。海馬生物能量測定儀係藉由測量細胞周圍的環境變化來評估粒線體能量代謝,可在不接觸且不傷害細胞的情況下透過偵測細胞周圍的耗氧率以反應細胞整體的能量代謝。海馬生物能量測定儀的原理與操作流程如下。
首先,測定細胞在正常情況下粒線體的基礎耗氧率(Basal respiration)。此時的耗氧率源自於合成三磷酸腺苷(Adenosine triphosphate,ATP)之需求以及克服質子洩漏(proton leak)之需求。
接著,加入ATP合成酶抑制劑以抑制粒線體產生ATP。ATP合成酶抑制劑可為寡黴素(oligomycin)。此時的耗氧率為克服質子洩漏所需的耗氧率。基礎耗氧率減掉克服質子洩漏所需的耗氧率即為ATP合成耗氧率(ATP production)。
接著,加入適當濃度的解耦連劑(uncoupler),在不破壞粒線體內膜的電子傳遞鏈的情況下,讓粒線體以極限狀態空轉以評估粒線體的最大耗氧率(maximal respiration)。解耦連劑
可為羰基氰-4-(三氟甲氧)苯腙(Carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone,FCCP)。
最後,加入電子傳遞鏈抑制劑完全關閉粒線體的耗氧,以量測背景值。此時的耗氧率為非粒線體的耗氧率。電子傳遞鏈抑制劑可為魚藤酮(Rotenone)及抗黴素A(Antimycin A)。
綜上所述,ATP合成耗氧率可作為粒線體合成ATP能力的評估指標。最大耗氧率可作為粒線體極限能力的評估指標。另外,媒合效率(Coupling Efficiency)定義為ATP合成耗氧率除以粒線體基礎耗氧率,可作為粒線體運作效率的評估指標。
在本實驗中,使用100μM之tBHP誘導ARPE-19細胞老化,並給予實施例之包含粒線體的組合物以改善視網膜損傷或老化。透過海馬生物能量測定儀測量包含粒線體的組合物對視網膜之損傷或老化的改善效果。以下說明實驗流程。
實驗流程與上述之使用100μM之tBHP誘導細胞老化的實驗流程大致相同。差異在於將ARPE-19細胞以每孔3×104個細胞的濃度於24孔盤培養16小時。接著,於24孔盤中加入tBHP,使其於孔盤中的濃度為100μM,再培養4小時。接著,再加入實施例一之包含粒線體的組合物培養20小時。培養完成後,使用磷酸鹽緩衝液清洗ARPE-19細胞,並使用海馬生物能量測定儀進行改善細胞損傷或老化的評估。
實驗結果如表3及圖3至圖5所示。圖3為細胞中粒線體之ATP合成耗氧率。圖4為細胞中粒線體之最大耗氧率。
圖5為細胞中粒線體之媒合效率。表3顯示各評估指標的耗氧率,單位為每分鐘皮莫耳(pmole/min)。控制組為未經tBHP誘導老化的ARPE-19細胞。對照組為僅施以100μM之tBHP且未施以實施例之組合物。實驗結果顯示,施以100μM之tBHP會降低ATP合成的耗氧率。施以實施例一之組合物則可提高ATP合成耗氧率。再者,施以100μM之tBHP會降低粒線體的最大耗氧率。施以實施例一之組合物則可提高最大耗氧率,甚至變得較控制組更佳。最後,媒合效率定義為ATP合成耗氧率除以粒線體基礎耗氧率,代表粒線體的綜合運作效率。施以100μM之tBHP會降低粒線體的媒合效率。施以實施例一之組合物則可提高粒線體的媒合效率。
本實驗使用8周大之史道二氏大鼠(Sprague-Dawley rat,SD大鼠)作為評估視網膜損傷的動物模式。SD大鼠單隻眼睛的視網膜面積平均為0.6平方公釐(0.6mm2)。
正常光照周期:將SD大鼠飼養於正常光的環境中,
光照週期為黑暗12小時/光照12小時,光照強度為120勒克斯(lux),共進行七日。光損傷周期:將SD大鼠飼養於使用強光照射之光損傷的環境中,於SD大鼠的眼睛兩側放置螢光燈管(27瓦),光照週期為黑暗12小時/光照12小時,光照強度為7000至10000勒克斯,共進行七日。
視網膜電流圖(Electroretinography,ERG)係表示綜合視網膜之不同細胞對光刺激的生物電反應。在臨床上,視網膜電流圖為診斷視網膜變性、營養不良、炎症、血管疾病、中毒性疾病等之有效的評估模式。當視網膜受到光線刺激時,在視網膜電流圖中,先出現的負波稱為a波,a波由桿狀細胞及錐狀細胞產生;隨後出現的正波稱為b波,b波由繆勒氏細胞(muller cell)和雙極細胞所產生。藉由a波、b波到基準線的振幅以及a波、b波回到基準線所需的時間,可評估視網膜細胞的電流傳遞能力,電流傳遞能力可代表視網膜的損傷程度。
在本實驗中,利用強光照射誘導視網膜損傷,並給予實施例之包含粒線體的組合物,以改善視網膜功能並治療視覺病變。透過視網膜電流圖來評估包含粒線體的組合物對視網膜損傷的改善及治療效果。以下說明實驗流程。
將SD大鼠分為五組,並以上述正常光照周期或光損傷周期進行飼養。A組,將SD大鼠以正常光照周期飼養於兩周。B組,將SD大鼠先以光損傷周期飼養一周,再以正常光照周期飼養一周。C組,將SD大鼠先以光損傷周期飼養一周,再施以注
射液並以正常光照周期飼養一周,注射液為5微升(μL)之生理食鹽水。D組,將SD大鼠先以光損傷周期飼養一周,再施以實施例三之組成物並以正常光照周期飼養一周,實施例三之組成物包含15微克粒線體與5微升之生理食鹽水,粒線體濃度為每毫升3000微克(μg/mL)。E組,將SD大鼠先以光損傷周期飼養一周,再施以實施例四之組成物並以正常光照周期飼養一周,實施例四之組成物包含40微克粒線體的組成物與5微升之生理食鹽水,粒線體濃度為每毫升8000微克(μg/mL)。施以注射液或實施例之組成物時,使用30G×1/2針頭在大鼠的角膜上滴加0.5%之鹽酸普羅卡因(proparacaine hydrochloride)以進行局部麻醉,再於大鼠的視網膜下腔注射上述注射液。
接下來,進行視網膜電流圖量測。量測前,SD大鼠先經過大於8小時的黑暗適應,再以舒泰®50(Zoletil®50;50mg/kg)麻醉SD大鼠。SD大鼠於量測全程皆處於麻醉狀態。使用短效睫狀肌麻痺劑1%托平卡胺(tropicamide)與2.5%的脫羥腎上腺素(phenylephrine)使大鼠的瞳孔擴大。測量時,於SD大鼠的眼睛前2公分處放置一閃光燈(strobe)以發出閃光來刺激大鼠的視網膜。在閃光的頻率為10kHz時,以每2秒的時間間隔連續記錄15次反應,並將這些反應放大並平均,以繪製視網膜電流圖。
實驗結果如圖6及表4所示。圖6為SD大鼠的視網膜電流圖。在圖6中,光損傷大鼠(B組)相較於正常大鼠(A
組),a波及b波的振幅大幅減小,表示神經電流傳導能力明顯受損,代表桿狀細胞、錐狀細胞、繆勒氏細胞及雙極細胞受損,亦即是大鼠的視力受到損害。在施以注射液之C組、D組、E組的比較中,施以實施例三之D組與施以實施例四之E組相較於施以生理食鹽水之C組,a波與b波的振幅明顯增加,且粒線體濃度較高之E組的振幅恢復程度較大。表4為b波回到基準線(N)所需的時間(毫秒)。受損傷之B組的b波振幅最低,故回到基準線(N)的時間最短。施以包含粒線體之組成物的D組與E組的b波的振幅恢復,故回到基準線的時間增加。
綜上所述,本發明實施例提供之包含粒線體之組合
物,可改善視網膜細胞老化的情況、修復視網膜損傷、改善視網膜功能並治療視覺病變。
雖然本發明以前述之實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本發明。在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內,所為之更動與潤飾,均屬本發明之專利保護範圍。關於本發明所界定之保護範圍請參考所附之申請專利範圍。
Claims (8)
- 一種粒線體用於製備修復視網膜損傷之組合物的用途。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中修復視網膜損傷為修復視網膜細胞老化導致的損傷。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中修復視網膜損傷為透過提升視網膜細胞中粒線體的ATP合成耗氧率來進行。
- 如請求項1所述之用途,其中修復視網膜損傷為透過提升視網膜細胞中粒線體的媒合效率來進行。
- 一種粒線體用於製備治療視網膜病變之組合物的用途。
- 如請求項5所述之用途,其中視網膜病變包含黃斑部病變、視網膜色素病變、糖尿病視網膜病變、非增殖性糖尿病視網膜病變、增殖性糖尿病視網膜病變、高血壓性視網膜病變、早產兒視網膜病變、放射性視網膜病變或日光性視網膜病變。
- 如請求項5所述之用途,其中治療視網膜病變為改善受損之視網膜。
- 如請求項1或5所述之用途,其中透過注射的方式給予視網膜該組合物,該組合物中粒線體的有效劑量為每平方公釐視網膜面積5微克至200微克。
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