TWI617702B - Apparatus for manufacturing metallic single crystalline and the operating method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to provide a metal single crystallizing apparatus and a method of operating the same. The metal single crystal device comprises a substrate, a single crystal metal precursor, a beam generator, an optical power regulator and a linear polarizer. The single crystal metal precursor solution is first placed on the substrate, and a linearly polarized light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor through the beam generator and the linear polarizer. During the linearly polarized light irradiation, the single crystal metal precursors are self-assembled in a directional manner and recrystallized into a single crystal metal material having a small grain boundary.

Description

Metal single crystal equipment and its operation method

The present invention relates to a metal single crystallizing apparatus and a method of operating the same, and in particular to a metal single crystalizing apparatus using linearly polarized light and a method of operating the same.

Solid materials can be classified into single crystal, polycrystalline, and amorphous, depending on the arrangement of the internal particles. Under the same molecular structure, different types of solid materials will greatly affect their physical properties, such as transmittance, hardness and electrical conductivity. For example, a single crystal solid material exhibits a neat, regular, average arrangement with only a small number of grain boundaries; therefore, a single crystal solid material can reduce light scattering, electron collision, and pores. The number of defects. Under similar conditions, the polycrystalline solid material has more grain boundaries inside, which consists of a plurality of local regions that are arranged neatly and externally interlaced, so that the whole body is fragmented; therefore, the polymorphic form The solid material generally has a lower transmittance, hardness, photoelectric properties, and electrical conductivity than a solid material of a single crystal type. The solid material inside the amorphous form presents a disordered and disordered arrangement; therefore, the disordered solid material usually has a high electrical resistance and lacks a physical property such as a clear melting point.

In industrial applications, each of the three types of solid materials has suitable applications. However, as the size of semiconductor patterns and circuit components has dropped to the nanometer level, the demand for materials having low resistance characteristics has been increasing, and the single crystal solid materials have been gradually taken seriously. Currently, with the aforementioned low Solid materials such as single crystal nanowires having electrical resistance characteristics have been used in industries such as field effect transistors, memory devices, solar cells, sensors, and light-emitting diodes. Only the solid materials in nature are mostly polycrystalline and amorphous, and there are few naturally occurring single crystal solid materials, which makes single crystal nanowires extremely difficult to obtain and expensive.

In the synthetic method, it is currently known that the growth direction of the silver nanowire can be controlled by an electric field to produce a single crystal silver material; when an electric field is applied to the nano silver solution, the nano silver is subjected to an electric field in the solution. Electrophoresis and directional adhesion, but the process is difficult to use for mass production. While MOCVD, PVD and VLS process technologies can be used to mass produce monocrystalline solid materials, they need to be completed at 500 ° C high temperature and high pressure environment, and produce more grain boundaries and consume a lot of energy. In addition, the production of single crystal solid materials by sputtering also needs to be completed under severe environmental conditions, and the solid materials produced must be post-treated to produce nano-scale materials that can be applied to precision parts such as semiconductors. .

The above existing synthetic methods each have different drawbacks. In view of this, there is still a lack of a simple equipment and method for single-crystallizing metallic materials; in addition, there is currently no equipment and method for single-crystalizing ready-made metal products.

In order to improve the above problems, at least one metal single crystallizing apparatus and method of operating the same according to the present invention, in particular, a metal single crystalizing apparatus using linearly polarized light and a method of operating the same. The metal single crystallizing apparatus and its operation method convert linear crystal light into a single crystal metal using linearly polarized light.

At least one embodiment of the invention is directed to a metal single crystallizing apparatus. The metal single crystal device comprises a substrate, a single crystal metal precursor, a beam generator and a line offset Vibration plate. Wherein the single crystal metal precursor is placed on the substrate, and the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. When the beam generator is activated, the beam of the beam generator passes through the linear polarizer and is illuminated onto the single crystal metal precursor.

At least one embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of metal single crystal. The metal single crystalization process begins by placing a single crystal metal precursor onto a substrate. Wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. A linearly polarized light is then applied to the single crystal metal precursor until a predetermined condition is met.

The metal single crystal device of at least one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of low equipment requirements, which can convert a single crystal nano precursor into a single crystal metal material using linearly polarized light.

The metal single-crystallizing apparatus according to at least one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of being mild in environment, and can convert a single crystal nano precursor into a single crystal metal material in a general indoor environment.

The metal single-crystalization method of at least one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of rapid reaction, which converts a single crystal nano precursor into a single crystal metal material in about 40 minutes.

The metal single-crystalization method of at least one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of a short process which converts a single crystal nano precursor into a single crystal metal material using a few steps.

The metal single-crystalization method of at least one embodiment of the present invention has the advantage of low energy consumption, which can convert a single crystal nano precursor into a single crystal metal material using low-energy linearly polarized light.

The metal single-crystalization method of at least one embodiment of the present invention has a wide range of advantages in that it can convert a nano metal material or a ready-made metal product into a single crystal metal.

At least one embodiment of the present invention can utilize linearly polarized light to induce small cell metal particles to be preferentially attached to form large unit metal particles, which contribute to the production of materials having high light transmittance and high conductivity, and contribute to the next generation. A plasmonic waveguide of an integrated optical path.

101, 201‧‧‧ Beam generator

103, 203‧‧‧ linear polarizer

105, 205‧‧‧ single crystal metal precursor

107, 207‧‧‧ substrate

109, 209‧‧‧ linearly polarized light

211‧‧‧solution

213‧‧‧Supply tube

215‧‧‧ replenisher

217‧‧‧ outer wall

221‧‧‧Optical components

1 is a schematic view of a metal single crystallizing apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention.

2 is a schematic view of a metal single crystallizing apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention.

3 is a flow chart of a method for metal single crystal formation according to some embodiments of the present invention.

4 is a flow chart of a method for metal single crystal formation according to some embodiments of the present invention.

5A-5E are field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images of some embodiments of the present invention.

At least one embodiment of the invention is directed to a metal single crystallizing apparatus. The metal single crystallizing apparatus comprises a substrate, a single crystal metal precursor, a beam generator, and a linear polarizing plate. Wherein the single crystal metal precursor is placed on the substrate, and the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. When the beam generator is activated, the beam of the beam generator passes through the linear polarizer and is illuminated by the single crystal metal precursor.

At least one embodiment of the invention is directed to a metal single crystallizing apparatus. The metal single crystal device comprises a substrate, a single crystal metal precursor, a beam generator, an optical power regulator, and a linear polarizer. Wherein the single crystal metal precursor is placed on the substrate, and the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. When the beam generator is activated, the beam of the beam generator is irradiated to the single crystal metal precursor through the optical power conditioner and the linear polarizer.

At least one embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of metal single crystal. The metal single crystalization process begins by placing a single crystal metal precursor onto a substrate. Wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. A linearly polarized light is then applied to the single crystal metal precursor until a predetermined condition is met.

1 is a schematic view of a metal single crystallizing apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention. The structure of the metal single crystal device includes a beam generator 101, a linear polarizing plate 103, a single crystal metal precursor 105, and a substrate 107. The single crystal metal precursor 105 is placed between the substrate 107 and the beam generator 101, and the linear polarizer 103 is placed between the single crystal metal precursor 105 and the beam generator 101. When the beam generator 101 is activated, a beam of light is generated and converted to linearly polarized light 103 at the line polarizing plate 103. After being converted into linearly polarized light 109, the light beam is further projected onto the single crystal metal precursor 105 on the substrate 107.

The substrate 107 in FIG. 1 is used to carry a single crystal metal precursor 105. The substrate 101 may be a substrate such as a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a germanium substrate or a plastic substrate. The plastic substrate may be composed of alkyd resin, allyl ester, benzocyclobutene, butadiene-styrene, cellulose, cellulose acetate, epoxide, epoxy polymer, ethylene-chlorine Vinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, fiberglass reinforced plastic, fluorocarbon polymer, hexafluoropropylene difluoroethylene copolymer, high density polyethylene, parylene, polyamide, polyimine, poly Linalin, polydimethyloxane, polyether oxime, polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyketone, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, poly Styrene, polyfluorene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyoxyethylene rubber, polyoxyn oxide. Preferred substrate materials are a group of polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polyethylene naphthalate.

The single crystal metal precursor 105 in FIG. 1 may be a metal nanoparticle, a metal nanorod or a polycrystalline metal material; wherein the single crystal metal precursor 105 is a material having a large amount of free electrons, such as gold, silver, copper, Aluminum or a combination thereof. The term "metal nanoparticle" in this embodiment substantially includes a plurality of nanoparticles, and the term "metal nanorod" substantially includes a plurality of nanorods. When the single crystal metal precursor 105 is irradiated by the linearly polarized light 109, it is polymerized into one to several single crystal metals; Further, after the single crystal metal precursor 105 is converted into one to several single crystal metal single crystal metals by the linearly polarized light 109, the total volume thereof is substantially the same as that before the conversion, but the total resistance and the total grain boundary number are decreased.

The beam generator 101 of Fig. 1 is used to generate a light beam, and the beam generator 101 and the linear polarizing plate 103 can collectively produce linearly polarized light 109. In some preferred embodiments, the linearly polarized light 109 has an illuminance of less than 1000 mW/cm ² ; wherein the linearly polarized light 109 has an illuminance of less than 150 mW/cm ² ; and the linearly polarized light 109 has an illuminance of less than 100 mW/ Cm ² is better. In some preferred embodiments, the linearly polarized light 109 is between ultraviolet and infrared light; wherein the linearly polarized light 109 preferably has a wavelength between 380 nm and 2400 nm, more preferably between 600 nm and 1400 nm. between. In some preferred embodiments, the linearly polarized light 109 is again preferably a single wavelength. In some preferred embodiments, the linearly polarized light 109 is laser light; wherein the linearly polarized light 109 is further preferably continuous wave laser light.

2 is a schematic view of a metal single crystallizing apparatus according to some embodiments of the present invention. The structure of the metal single crystallizing apparatus includes a beam generator 201, an optical component 221, a linear polarizing plate 203, a single crystal metal precursor 205, a substrate 207, a solution 211, and a supply pipe 213. The single crystal metal precursor 205 is in physical contact with the solution 211 and is co-located on the substrate 207. The output of the beam generator 201 is directed toward the substrate 207, which in turn is placed between the single crystal metal precursor 205 and the beam generator 201. When the beam generator 201 is activated, the resulting beam passes through the optical assembly 221 and is converted to linearly polarized light 109 at the in-line polarizer 203 and further exposed to the single crystal metal precursor 205 and solution 211. The supply pipe 213 of FIG. 2 is disposed near the substrate 207 to supply the replenishing liquid 215 into the solution 211.

The single crystal metal precursor 205 of FIG. 2 is in physical contact with the solution 211. In some embodiments, the single crystal metal precursor 105 is dispersed in the solution 211 in the form of metal nanoparticles or a metal nanorod; for example, a nanosilver solution or a gold nanorod solution produced by a redox reaction. In the department In a separate embodiment, the single crystal metal precursor 105 is in physical contact with the solution 211 in the form of a polycrystalline metal material; for example, a metal article immersed in an aqueous solution, wherein the metal article can be a gold wire deposited on a circuit component . In addition, in a preferred embodiment, the specific heat capacity of the solution is greater than 3000 J/kg. K; and in a more preferred embodiment, the specific heat capacity of the solution is greater than 4000 J/kg. K, such as water; wherein the solution is preferably water.

The supply tube 213 of FIG. 2 is coupled to a supply source (not shown) for providing makeup fluid 215 to solution 211. In some embodiments, the replenishing solution 215 is a mixture of the single crystal metal precursor 105 and the solution 211, such as a nanogold solution or a silver nanorod solution. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of single crystal metal precursor 105 in solution 211 is between 1 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg; in a more preferred embodiment, single crystal metal precursor 105 is in solution 211. The concentration is between 3 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg. However, in some embodiments, the replenishing liquid 215 is only the solution 211, and the single crystal metal precursor 105 is not contained in the replenishing liquid 215. In still other embodiments, the metal single crystallizing apparatus does not include the supply tube 213 and the replenishing liquid 215.

The outer wall 217 of Fig. 2 is used to reduce impurities and external forces to prevent the single crystal metal precursor 105 from being disturbed in the process of converting into a single crystal metal; however, the outer wall 217 is not airtight. Since the linearly polarized light 209 can convert the single crystal metal precursor 105 into a single crystal metal without additional laboratory equipment or production equipment in a normal temperature, normal pressure, or non-closed environment, in some other embodiments, the metal The single crystallizing apparatus does not include the outer wall 217.

In some embodiments of FIG. 2, a conventional optical component 221 may be further disposed between the beam generator 201 and the linear polarizing plate 203, so that the light beam generated by the beam generator 201 passes through the optical component 221 and then onto the linear polarizing plate 203. . The optical component 221 is selected from an optical power regulator (optical power regulator), a group of beam shapers, beam expanders, and combinations thereof.

3 is a flow chart of a method for metal single crystal formation according to some embodiments of the present invention. The metal single crystallization process of Figure 3 begins by providing a substrate and placing a single crystal metal precursor onto the substrate; wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. Next, a linearly polarized light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor until the predetermined condition is satisfied, and then the linearly polarized light is stopped.

The metal single crystallizing process of Fig. 3 can be carried out in a generally open environment, preferably in a general indoor environment. In some embodiments of FIG. 3, a temperature regulator other than the above-mentioned equipment (for example, a refrigerant, an air conditioner, a hot plate, a fire source, a refrigerant chip), a gas pressure regulator (for example, A vacuum chamber, a pressurized tank, an electric field generator (for example, positive and negative electrodes), an experimental magnetic field generator (for example, a permanent magnet, an electromagnet) are placed on the single crystal metal precursor.

The substrate of FIG. 3 may be a substrate such as a glass substrate, a quartz substrate, a germanium substrate, or a plastic substrate. The plastic substrate may be composed of alkyd resin, allyl ester, benzocyclobutene, butadiene-styrene, cellulose, cellulose acetate, epoxide, epoxy polymer, ethylene-chlorine Vinyl fluoride, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, fiberglass reinforced plastic, fluorocarbon polymer, hexafluoropropylene difluoroethylene copolymer, high density polyethylene, parylene, polyamide, polyimine, poly Linalin, polydimethyloxane, polyether oxime, polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyketone, polymethyl methacrylate, polypropylene, poly Styrene, polyfluorene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polyoxyethylene rubber, polyoxyn oxide. Preferred substrate materials are a group of polyethylene terephthalate, polyimide, and polyethylene naphthalate.

The single crystal metal precursor of FIG. 3 may be a metal nanoparticle, a metal nanorod or a polycrystalline metal material; wherein the single crystal metal precursor is a material having a large amount of free electrons, such as gold, silver, copper, aluminum. Or a composition thereof. The term "metal nanoparticle" in this embodiment substantially includes a plurality of nanoparticles, and the term "metal nanorod" substantially includes a plurality of nanorods. When the single crystal metal precursor is irradiated by the linearly polarized light, it is polymerized into one to several single crystal metals; in addition, the single crystal metal precursor is converted into one to several single crystal metal sheets having a similar total volume by the linearly polarized light. After the crystalline metal, its total volume is approximately the same as before the conversion, but its total resistance and total grain boundary number will decrease.

FIG 3 the linearly polarized light illumination is preferably less than 150mW / cm ^2, which again is between the illuminance 0-100mW / cm ² preferably, and illuminance is more preferably between ² 5-50mW / cm. The linearly polarized light of FIG. 3 is between ultraviolet light and infrared light, preferably between visible light and near infrared light, wherein the linearly polarized light is more preferably between red light and near infrared light; The linearly polarized light has a wavelength in the range of 380 nm to 2400 nm, and the wavelength is more preferably between 600 nm and 1400 nm. The linearly polarized light of Figure 3 should preferably be a laser, more preferably a continuous wave laser.

The single crystal metal precursor of Figure 3 is in physical contact with the solution. In some embodiments, the single crystal metal precursor is dispersed in the solution in the form of metal nanoparticles or a metal nanorod; for example, a nanosilver solution or a gold nanorod solution produced by a redox reaction. In some embodiments, the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with the solution in the form of a polycrystalline metal material; for example, a gold wire deposited on a substrate, and the gold wire is immersed in an aqueous solution. In addition, in the preferred embodiment, the specific heat capacity of the solution is greater than 3000 J/kg. K; and in a more preferred embodiment, the specific heat capacity of the solution is greater than 4000 J/kg. K, such as water.

The predetermined condition of FIG. 3 is an exposure time in some embodiments, and the exposure time is a length of time during which the linearly polarized light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor; in a preferred embodiment The exposure time is between 10 minutes and 60 minutes; the exposure time is preferably 30 minutes to 60 minutes. The predetermined condition of FIG. 3 is the current volume of the solution in some embodiments, and the unit of the current volume is a volume percentage, and the basis of comparison is the original volume of the solution before being irradiated by the linearly polarized light; in a preferred embodiment The current volume is 5%-100% of the original volume, more preferably 5%-60%, and still more preferably 10%-40%. The predetermined condition of Figure 3 is a solution temperature in some embodiments, and the solution temperature is the current temperature of the solution; in a preferred embodiment, the solution temperature is less than 100 ° C, more preferably 20 ° C to 95. Between °C.

In some embodiments of FIG. 3, a supply step is further included. The supplying step means supplying a replenishing liquid to the single crystal metal precursor. In some embodiments, the replenisher is a mixture of the single crystal metal precursor and the solution, such as a nano gold solution or a silver nanorod solution. In a preferred embodiment, the concentration of the single crystal metal precursor in the solution is maintained between 1 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg; in a more preferred embodiment, the single crystal metal precursor is in the solution. The concentration in the medium is maintained between 3 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg; in still another more preferred embodiment, the concentration of the single crystal metal precursor in the solution is maintained between 3 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg. . However, in some embodiments, the replenishing liquid is only the solution, and the single crystal metal precursor is not contained in the replenishing liquid.

In some embodiments of Figure 3, a drying step is further included. The drying step refers to drying the solution, and the drying step is performed after the application of the linearly polarized light is stopped. Wherein, the drying step may be air drying or dry drying to remove the solution in physical contact with the single crystal metal precursor and the single crystal metal. In some preferred embodiments, the temperature of the single crystal metal in the drying step is less than 100 ° C, more preferably less than 80 ° C, and still more preferably less than 40 ° C.

In some embodiments of FIG. 3, the single crystal metal precursor is a metal nanoparticle or a metal nanorod, and the step of applying a linearly polarized light to the single crystal metal precursor further comprises two stages. The first stage is to convert the single crystal metal precursor into a polycrystalline metal material, and the second stage is to convert the polycrystalline metal material into a single crystal metal material.

Take the nano silver solution as an example. In one embodiment, after the nano silver aqueous solution is irradiated with linearly polarized light in the first stage, the nano silver particles in the aqueous solution of nano silver produce surface plasmons. Among them, the surface plasmonics will cause the surface plasmon coupling phenomenon of the adjacent two nano silver particles, and then generate the interaction light and optical moment. Under the action of light and light moment, adjacent nano-silver particles are aggregated and guided to form a linear polymer, and the attachment direction is perpendicular to the polarization direction of the linearly polarized light. In addition, the surface plasmonic effect is further converted into thermal energy at the contact surface of the two nano-silver particles, so that the two nano-particles are locally welded and fused to form a polycrystalline nanowire. After the polycrystalline nanowire irradiates the linearly polarized light in the second stage, surface plasmon heating is continuously generated; and the crystal lattice of the polycrystalline nanowire is reformed by heat treatment of the polycrystalline nanowire through the surface plasmon, and the polycrystalline naphthalene is modified. The rice noodle is recrystallized into a single crystal nanowire.

In some embodiments of FIG. 3, the single crystal metal precursor is a polycrystalline metal nanomaterial, and the step of applying a linearly polarized light to the single crystal metal precursor may further comprise a sub-stage. The sub-stage is to convert the polycrystalline metal material into a single crystal metal material.

Take a polycrystalline gold wire deposited on a germanium substrate as an example. In one embodiment, the polycrystalline gold wire that is in physical contact with the water, after illuminating the linearly polarized light, produces a surface plasmonic. Wherein, the plasmonics reform the internal crystal lattice of the polycrystalline gold wire by heat-treating the polycrystalline gold wire, and recrystallize the polycrystalline gold wire into one or more single crystal gold wires. The overall resistance of one or more single crystal gold wires after recrystallization is smaller than that of the polycrystalline gold wires before recrystallization.

4 is a flow chart of a method for metal single crystal formation according to some embodiments of the present invention. The metal single-crystalization method of FIG. 4 is similar to the embodiment of FIG. 3, the main difference being that the metal single-crystalization method of FIG. 4 further includes a step of changing the optical power. Specifically, the metal single-crystalization process of FIG. 4 begins by providing a substrate and placing a single crystal metal precursor onto the substrate; wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution. Then, applying linearly polarized light to the single crystal metal precursor; thereafter, changing the optical power of the linearly polarized light after a first predetermined condition is satisfied; finally, stopping when a second predetermined condition is satisfied With this linearly polarized light.

In an embodiment of FIG. 4, the single crystal metal precursor is a nano-gold rod having an aspect ratio of 4.18 and a surface plasmon resonance wavelength of 795 nm; in addition, the nano-gold rod is first mixed with water. The nanogold rod aqueous solution having a concentration of 10 mg/kg was supplied to the substrate. In the single crystal process, the nanogold rod aqueous solution is irradiated with linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 1064 nm and an illuminance of about 10 mW/cm ² for 30 minutes, and further irradiated with a wavelength of 1064 nm and an illuminance of about 20 mW/cm ^{2 .} The linearly polarized light stopped continuing to apply linearly polarized light for 2 minutes. In this embodiment, the product comprises a tetragonal, pentagonal or hexagonal single crystal nanocrystal or quasi-single crystal.

In some of the embodiments of Figure 4, the step of varying the optical power of the linearly polarized light is accomplished by an optical power conditioner. When the beam generated by the beam generator passes through the optical power regulator, the optical power is changed by the control of the optical power regulator; therefore, the optical power of the beam can be changed by controlling the parameters of the optical power regulator, thereby completing the change of the linearly polarized light. The step of light power. This embodiment can change the optical power of the linearly polarized light without adjusting the beam generator power.

In some of the embodiments of Figure 4, the step of varying the optical power of the linearly polarized light is accomplished by adjusting the beam generator power. By adjusting the power of the beam generator itself, the beam generator emits beams of different optical power and indirectly produces linearly polarized light of different optical powers. This implementation For example, the optical power of the linearly polarized light can be changed without the optical power conditioner being disposed between the beam generator and the single crystal metal precursor.

In some embodiments of FIG. 4, the first predetermined condition and the second predetermined condition are both exposure times; the exposure time refers to the time during which the linearly polarized light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor. length. In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined condition is between 30 minutes and 60 minutes; and the second predetermined condition is between 10 minutes and 30 minutes.

In some embodiments of FIG. 4, the first predetermined condition and the second predetermined condition are both the current volume of the solution; the current volume unit is a volume percentage, and the comparison basis is before the solution is irradiated by the linearly polarized light. Original volume. In a preferred embodiment, the first predetermined condition is from 20% to 90%, more preferably from 20% to 60%, still more preferably from 30% to 40% of the original volume; and the second predetermined condition is 5 of the original volume. %-50%, more preferably 5%-40%, and even more preferably 10%-30%.

5A-5E are field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) images of some embodiments of the present invention. 5A and FIG. 5B are results of a single crystal metal precursor amplified by a field emission scanning electron microscope by 100,000 times and 50,000, respectively; and the single crystal metal precursor in the figure is a nanometer gold rod, and the aspect ratio thereof is close to 4.18 and the surface plasmonic resonance wavelength is 795 nm. Since the single crystal metal precursors in FIGS. 5A and 5B have not been exposed to linearly polarized light, the single crystal metal precursors are arranged in a non-directional manner, and no self-assembly phenomenon is observed.

Figure 5C is an FE-SEM image of a single crystal metal precursor after being irradiated with linearly polarized light. In the embodiment of Figure 5C, the aforementioned nanogold rods are first mixed with water to form a 0.8 microliter (μL) nanogold rod aqueous solution having a concentration of 13 mg/kg. The nanogold rod aqueous solution was irradiated with linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 1064 nm and an illuminance of 30 mW/cm ² for 10 minutes, and the results of Fig. 5C were observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope. In the embodiment of FIG. 5C, the nanogold rod forms a crystal having a length of 1-2 micrometers (μm) and a pentagon cross section after being irradiated with linearly polarized light, and the crystal is confirmed to be a single crystal by X-ray diffraction experiments.

Figure 5D is an FE-SEM image of a single crystal metal precursor after being irradiated with linearly polarized light. In the embodiment of Figure 5D, the aforementioned nanogold rods are first mixed with water to form a 2 microliter (μL) nanogold rod aqueous solution having a concentration of 10 mg/kg. After the nano-gold rod aqueous solution was irradiated with linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 785 nm and an illuminance of about 5 mW/cm ² for 40 minutes, the result of FIG. 5D was observed by a field emission scanning electron microscope. In the embodiment of Fig. 5D, the nanogold rod forms a single crystal having a quadrangular cross section after being irradiated with linearly polarized light, and its volume is larger than that of the crystal in Fig. 5C.

Figure 5E is an FE-SEM image of a single crystal metal precursor after being irradiated with linearly polarized light. In the embodiment of Figure 5E, the aforementioned nanogold rods are first mixed with water to form a 2 microliter (μL) nanogold rod aqueous solution having a concentration of 10 mg/kg. While the nano-gold rod aqueous solution is irradiated by linearly polarized light having a wavelength of 785 nm and an illuminance of 5 mW/cm ² , the temperature of the aqueous solution of the nano-gold rod is not higher than 95 ° C, and the aqueous solution of the nano-gold rod is in its volume. The irradiation was stopped before the volume of 5% before the irradiation; the total exposure time of the linearly polarized light was about 55 minutes. In the embodiment of Fig. 5E, the nanogold rod forms a linear single crystal crystal having a length of about 4 micrometers (μm) after being irradiated with linearly polarized light.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical idea and the features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the contents of the present invention and can implement the present invention. Equivalent variations or modifications of the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

A method for crystallizing a metal: providing a substrate; placing a single crystal metal precursor onto the substrate, wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution, and the solution has a first solution volume; Polarizing light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor, and the linearly polarized light is generated by a beam generator, and at least one optical component is disposed between the beam generator and the linear polarizing plate to adjust and contact the single crystal metal precursor; The application of the linearly polarized light is stopped when a predetermined condition is satisfied; wherein the predetermined condition is a second solution volume or an exposure time. The method of claim 1, wherein the single crystal metal precursor is a metal nanoparticle, a metal nanorod or a polycrystalline metal material. The method of claim 2, wherein the composition of the single crystal metal precursor is selected from the group consisting of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, or a combination thereof. The method of claim 2, wherein when the single crystal metal precursor is the metal nanoparticle or the metal nanorod, the concentration of the single crystal metal precursor in the solution is from 1 mg/kg to 500 mg/ Between kg. The method of claim 1, wherein the linearly polarized light has a wavelength between 380 nm and 2400 nm. The method of claim 5, wherein the linearly polarized light is continuous wave laser light. The method of claim 6, wherein the linearly polarized light produces an illuminance of less than 1000 mW/cm ² . The method of claim 1, wherein the exposure time is a length of time during which the linearly polarized light is applied to the single crystal metal precursor, and the exposure time is between 10 minutes and 60 minutes. The method of claim 1, wherein the second solution volume is the current volume of the solution, and the second solution volume is from 5% to 100% of the first solution volume. A metal single crystallizing apparatus comprising: a substrate; a single crystal metal precursor disposed on the substrate, wherein the single crystal metal precursor is in physical contact with a solution; and a beam generator for providing a beam to the a single crystal metal precursor; and a linear polarizing plate disposed between the beam generator and the single crystal metal precursor; wherein at least one optical component is disposed between the beam generator and the linear polarizer.