TWI679034B - 用於控制在醫療裝置中之氣流溫度之方法及裝置 - Google Patents
用於控制在醫療裝置中之氣流溫度之方法及裝置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於(例如)在腹腔鏡術或呼吸領域中借助狀態觀測器用於控制在醫療裝置中之氣體溫度之方法及用於實施該方法之裝置。
Description
本發明係關於(例如)在腹腔鏡術或呼吸領域中用於控制在醫療裝置中之氣體溫度之方法及用於實施該方法之裝置。
在各種醫療程序中,將氣體引入至身體之內部部分中。其實例係腹腔鏡術,其中迄今為止在治療性干預期間,將氣體(例如CO2)供給至腹部。在該等程序中,所供給氣體正常地經加熱,以使得進入至身體之內部部分中之氣體接近體溫,此乃因太冷以及太熱之氣體將導致患者之疼痛症狀。因此,量測及控制氣體溫度尤為重要。通常,用於此等程序之氣體管線提供有意欲允許相應溫度控制之溫度感測器。除其他原因外,由於其導致額外成本,故此等單獨感測器之使用係不利的。由於所關聯軟管係可棄式物品,因此期望避免任何額外成本。量測溫度之另一種可能性係量測加熱導線之溫度。軟管出口處之氣體溫度與加熱導線之溫度之間存在關聯,然而其取決於若干參數,例如氣體之體積流量、氣體類型、加熱功率、幾何結構及軟管之材料以及外部溫度,僅舉此等因素中之一些。
鑒於此背景,目標係提供用於量測及控制氣體溫度且克服以上缺點之方法。作為此目標之解決方案,提出如請求項1之方法。有利實施例係回引請求項1之附屬項之標的物。此外,提出用於實施如請求項5之方法之裝置。其有利實施例係回引請求項5之附屬項之標的
物。
根據本發明之方法係實質上基於為量測及控制加熱軟管之患者側末端處之氣體溫度,使用數學模型。出於此目的,由加熱導線、電子量測系統、供給管線、溫度感測器及氣流組成之完整系統係藉由一組微分方程式闡述且一起置於所謂的狀態-空間模型中。在模型之參數充分精確地確定之條件下,然後利用相同輸入變量,可估算氣體軟管之出口處(即套管針入口)之氣體溫度。藉由比較實際與所估算之導線溫度,可檢測到偏差(所謂的觀測器誤差)。其可能係(例如)由於不同初始狀態而發生(例如,沒有關於在開始氣體供給時之氣體溫度之先驗資訊)。若利用性能準則評定觀測器誤差,且然後將結果回饋至模型(狀態變量校正),則誤差將下降,且因此獲得軟管之出口處之氣體溫度之精確估算。除其他之外,所提出方法之優點尤其在於為量測軟管出口處之氣體溫度,不需要額外溫度感測器。因此,即使在軟管出口處無溫度感測器之情形下,亦達成與借助包括溫度感測器之習用軟管量測之精確度相當之估算精度。由此,即使在無額外感測器之情形下,亦確保患者之安全性。
較佳地,根據本發明之方法經組態使得估算系統作為狀態觀測器、尤其作為龍伯格(Luenberger)觀測器執行。此等狀態觀測器(包括龍伯格觀測器)係闡述於(例如)控制工程學之教科書中。
執行以上方法之此一裝置之具體實施例係用於腹腔鏡術之吹入設備。其包含提供有所需出口壓力且能夠達成適宜體積流量之氣體供給(例如,來自耐壓瓶)。體積流量係可控制的,例如,介於0l/min與50l/min之間。氣體藉助供給軟管引入至身體內部部分中。為在軟管出口處獲得期望溫度(大約體溫,即,大約37℃),在軟管內部提供加熱裝置,例如加熱導線。引入至身體內部部分中之氣體可藉助單獨氣體離開裝置、藉助抽吸設備亦或簡單地藉助自身體內部部分之洩漏而
排出。藉由上述本發明方法,使用來自加熱導線之量測數據(借助電阻量測),估算軟管出口處之實際溫度並藉由加熱導線之加熱功率之變化來控制。不必使用單獨溫度感測器:在使用其電阻為溫度依賴性之加熱導線時,加熱導線溫度之量測可藉由電阻量測進行,因此不需要額外組件。
本發明之替代實施例包含呼吸設備。藉由呼吸設備,將氧或含氧氣體混合物引導至患者之肺中。對於呼吸而言,潤濕含氧氣體混合物係絕對必需的。為防止冷凝以及獲得患者可接受之氣體溫度,在呼吸軟管內藉由電加熱導線提供電阻加熱。以如上述用於腹腔鏡術之裝置之類似方式,加熱導線可藉由使用相應電阻量測用作溫度感測器。軟管出口處之實際溫度係藉由根據本發明之方法估算。借助估算值,以電子方式控制加熱功率。因此,獲得甚至在各種各樣呼吸條件下,亦確保精確量測及控制軟管入口處之氣體溫度之裝置。
本發明之實施例顯示於圖中且於以下中詳細解釋:圖1以模型表示法顯示具有經併入加熱導線之氣體供給軟管,其中參考數字具有以下意義:
氣體體積流在箭頭方向上流動穿過軟管。然而,對應於加熱導線之長度,在此模型中僅部分長度之軟管經加熱。然後,隨後為未經加熱之剩餘長度及用於過渡至患者之盧耳(Luer)轉接器。此處所量測者係藉由電阻量測之加熱導線之溫度。針對在32℃至42℃範圍內、體積流量為0l/min至50l/min之來自軟管在出口處之流量測溫度。
在此方法中,連續量測並處理其體積流量、加熱導線之溫度、電功率及時程。圖2(來自Isermann R(2008).Mechatronische Systeme.Grundlagen.Springer-Verlag:Berlin)示意性顯示根據本發明之估算過程。加熱導線之控制係(例如)藉由脈衝寬調變電壓(PWM)實施。量測電功率(圖2中之U)及導線電阻(圖2中之Y)。使量測數據經受說明系統之動態行為之數學模型(圖2中之「固定模型」)。對於各種流,提供不同模型參數,以使得模型可適於所量測之體積流。將借助模型估算之溫度值與導線溫度之量測實際值進行比較(圖2中之y-yM)。估算值與量測值之間之偏差(圖2中之e)回饋至模型,使得狀態變量之估算得以改良(圖2中之狀態估算方法)。一旦估算值與實際值匹配,該等估
算狀態變量(圖2中之x)即可經採用並進一步利用。該等狀態變量中之一者係氣流之離開溫度,其因此可精確估算。
根據本發明之方法呈現若干優點。所觀測溫度/狀態變量慮及程序之擾動(擾動觀測器)。所觀測變量可用作控制變量,以使得對不同參考值之調整成為可能。總之,將產生可與當使用溫度感測器(用於流溫度之量測)時之可能控制性能相當之控制性能。由此廣泛排除對於患者之風險,且控制程序可藉由省略流溫度感測器以相當更加經濟之方式組態。本發明方法之具體優點在於可排除由於流溫度感測器所致之誤差。由於在此方法中,感測器及執行器係相同的,因此在缺陷之情況下,量測元件及致動器二者將失效。在未藉由溫度量測進行同時驗證之情況下引入加熱功率係不可能的。
對於狀態變量(出口溫度)之估算,該程序之數學模型係必需的。此數學模型具有圖4中所代表之標準化形式,稱為狀態-空間模型。為確定此狀態-空間模型,有必要建立程序之實體替代模型且使其成為此標準化形式。所採用之矩陣必須提供有數值(識別)。用於描述導線溫度隨時間之行為之程序係例示性顯示於圖3中,其中在流體與導線間交換之熱量(方程式1)、導線中儲存之熱量(方程式2)及所提供之熱量(方程式3)係以微分方程式之形式描述。方程式4則顯示能量平衡(熱平衡)。藉由組合方程式及其上之適宜運算,獲得方程式5。方程式6作為比較顯示所應用之狀態-空間模型,該模型與方程式6高度相同且其係數含有模型方程式之參數。遵循相應程序,用於對氣體及軟管溫度建模(參見圖1)。
圖4顯示依賴於氣流之所得狀態-空間模型。
圖5顯示實際量測數據與借助該方法所獲得之估算數據之比較。結果顯示,所採用之模型係正確的且導致估算數據之必需精度。
圖6及圖7顯示用於建模為擾動之不同環境條件之方法。實際應
用經受諸如例如不同環境溫度(圖4中之ξ)或不同氣體進入溫度(圖4中之)之一系列之擾動。擾動係提供於狀態-空間模型中。即使在流速變化之情形下,仍可看到量測溫度與估算溫度高度一致。
圖8顯示根據本發明之加熱導線控制與僅藉由加熱導線之電阻來調整加熱導線功率之經典預控制之比較。結果可看出,根據本發明之方法可極快地達成控制。
以上方法之實際執行適宜地在為醫療裝置之一部分之微控制器上達成。其通常提供有輸入及輸出及記憶體。數學運算係以軟體模組形式實施。軟體模組之順序圖係顯示於圖9中,其中參考數字具有以下意義:
軟體可包括於自身記憶體晶片上,例如EPROM。
熟習此項技術者可基於本說明書(包括圖及在申請時已知之科技文獻)實施本發明之進一步實施例,而不需要任何其他創新。
1.1‧‧‧體積流
1.3‧‧‧觀測加熱線控制體積
1.4‧‧‧ξ環境溫度
1.5‧‧‧觀測流體控制體積
1.6‧‧‧η軟管溫度
1.7‧‧‧σ(RDr)導線溫度
1.9‧‧‧未經加熱長度
1.10‧‧‧加熱長度
1.11‧‧‧觀測軟管控制體積
1.12‧‧‧熱交換量
1.13‧‧‧UDr加熱電壓
9.1‧‧‧觀測器微分方程式之數值解
9.2‧‧‧估算狀態變量
9.3‧‧‧狀態變量之分離
9.4‧‧‧估算氣體離開溫度
9.5‧‧‧氣體離開溫度之參考值
9.6‧‧‧控制器
9.7‧‧‧加熱線電壓
9.8‧‧‧估算導線溫度
9.9‧‧‧量測導線溫度
9.10‧‧‧計算觀測器誤差
9.11‧‧‧觀測器誤差
9.12‧‧‧量測體積流量
9.13‧‧‧量測電功率
9.14‧‧‧計算校正矢量
9.15‧‧‧數值計算i=i+1
e‧‧‧估算值與量測值之間之偏差
y‧‧‧借助模型之估算溫度值
yM‧‧‧導線溫度之量測實際值
圖1以模型表示法顯示具有併入之加熱導線之氣體供給軟管。
圖2示意性顯示根據本發明之估算程序。
圖3顯示用於描述導線溫度隨時間之行為之方程式。
圖4顯示所得狀態-空間模型。
圖5顯示實際量測數據與借助該方法所獲得之估算數據之比較。
圖6顯示用於不同環境條件之方法。
圖7a及7b顯示用於不同環境條件之方法。
圖8顯示根據本發明之加熱導線控制與經典預控制之比較。
圖9顯示軟體模組之順序圖。
Claims (5)
- 一種用於引入氣體至患者之醫療裝置,包含氣體供給裝置、氣體供給軟管、該供給軟管中之加熱導線、至少一個微處理器、至少一個記憶體以及至少一個軟體,氣體係藉由該氣體供給裝置借助該氣體供給軟管供給至患者,該氣體係藉助該加熱導線在該氣體供給軟管內加熱,該加熱導線之加熱功率係以電方式控制,其中該加熱導線之電阻係狀態觀測器之類型之數學估算系統之輸入變量,該數學估算系統以數學方式描述狀態空間,其估算該軟管之出口處之實際溫度且借助此估算值控制該加熱導線之加熱功率。
- 如請求項1之裝置,其中該狀態觀測器係依龍伯格(Luenberger)觀測器之類型組態。
- 如請求項1或2之裝置,其中該氣體係CO2或含氧氣體混合物。
- 如請求項1或2之用於引入氣體至患者之醫療裝置,其中該裝置係用於腹腔鏡術之吹入器。
- 如請求項1或2之用於引入氣體至患者之醫療裝置,其中該裝置係呼吸裝置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102015000845.5 | 2015-01-27 | ||
| DE102015000845.5A DE102015000845A1 (de) | 2015-01-27 | 2015-01-27 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Temperatur des Gasstroms bei medizintechnischen Vorrichtungen |
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| TW201642924A TW201642924A (zh) | 2016-12-16 |
| TWI679034B true TWI679034B (zh) | 2019-12-11 |
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| TW105102557A TWI679034B (zh) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-01-27 | 用於控制在醫療裝置中之氣流溫度之方法及裝置 |
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| DE (1) | DE102015000845A1 (zh) |
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| TW (1) | TWI679034B (zh) |
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| DE102015000845A1 (de) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-07-28 | W.O.M. World Of Medicine Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Temperatur des Gasstroms bei medizintechnischen Vorrichtungen |
| DE102016014980A1 (de) * | 2016-12-16 | 2018-06-21 | W.O.M. World Of Medicine Gmbh | Medizintechnische Pumpe mit verbesserter Entlüftung |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20210346636A1 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
| US20180147384A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
| WO2016119773A1 (de) | 2016-08-04 |
| CN107206193A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| DE102015000845A1 (de) | 2016-07-28 |
| JP2018506129A (ja) | 2018-03-01 |
| CN107206193B (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
| EP3250275B1 (de) | 2019-08-07 |
| TW201642924A (zh) | 2016-12-16 |
| US12239792B2 (en) | 2025-03-04 |
| EP3250275A1 (de) | 2017-12-06 |
| JP7251920B2 (ja) | 2023-04-04 |
| US12023446B2 (en) | 2024-07-02 |
| ES2750098T3 (es) | 2020-03-24 |
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