TWI667178B - A liner - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a gasket (10) for protecting cargo from damage caused by condensation. The pad (10) includes a breathable material (20) having a breathable layer (30), wherein the breathable material allows vapor to travel across the material but prohibits the transmission of liquids.

Description

pad

The invention relates to a cushion for protecting cargo from water and / or tropical damage. Examples of such pads include, but are not limited to, pads for storage containers such as shipping or freight containers. Such cushions may also be in the form of a cover for protecting the cargo, such as canvas.

Such goods are inevitably subject to changes in the environment during transportation by sea, air or land. For example, during transportation, when a container is exposed to direct sunlight, the temperature inside the container may increase by more than 70 ° C. To mitigate the increase in temperature that would affect the cargo in a container, the containers may be designed with a thermally insulating liner in the interior of the container.

Among other things, these container liners are designed to avoid heat transfer by convection, and thus are made of materials that prevent air from passing through. However, when transporting products such as foods with high moisture content and oleochemicals, water condensation may occur inside the pad. Condensation occurs because the outside temperature is too low, or because the relative humidity inside the gasket is too high. Because the condensation is trapped in the interior of the container liner, product spoilage and mold growth may occur.

To reduce the problem of water condensing inside the pad, such as the absorbent of a desiccant It is used, but the absorbent capacity of the desiccant is limited. Non-moisture-generating materials such as dried wood, plastic, or paper pallets can be used in these freight containers to help minimize the moisture content in the interior of the liner, but The water content in the product itself may not necessarily be minimized.

Another option is to use a refrigerated container that controls temperature and relative humidity. However, this is a very expensive option.

The invention in this case was developed due to the aforementioned problems.

The present invention provides a gasket for protecting cargo from damage caused by condensation, comprising: a breathable material having a breathable layer, wherein the breathable material enables vapor to be transmitted across the material, but is prohibited Liquid transfer.

By providing a breathable material that enables steam to be transmitted across the breathable material, the pad is capable of transmitting moisture on one side of the pad to a dry side of the pad, rather than condensing on On the high humidity side of the pad. In addition, because the breathable material also prohibits the transfer of liquids through the material, the pad also protects the cargo from water damage.

In some embodiments, the breathable layer has a water vapor transmission rate between 50 g / m ² / day and 5,000 g / m ² / day. In more preferred embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable material is about 1,000 g / m ² / day.

In some embodiments, the breathable material is resistant to a hydrostatic pressure of 250 mm or greater. In one embodiment, the breathable material can resist a hydrostatic pressure of 1,000 mm or more.

In some embodiments, the water vapor is diffused through the gas permeable layer of the The polymer matrix is transported across the breathable layer. By providing a breathable layer of the polymer matrix that can diffuse through the breathable layer, it is possible to have a breathable material that is not porous in a microscopic or macroscopic view to physically make Steam can be transmitted across the breathable layer

In other embodiments, the vapor is physically transmitted across the breathable layer. By providing a breathable layer that physically enables vapor to transport across the breathable layer, a wide range of materials can be used to make the breathable layer. For example, the breathable layer may have micropores that enable vapor to transport across the breathable layer. In other embodiments, the breathable layer has perforations that allow vapor to transport across the breathable layer.

In some embodiments, the breathable layer is attached to a support layer. The support layer can be used to protect and strengthen the breathable layer. In a preferred embodiment, the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable layer is the same as or lower than a water vapor transmission rate of the support layer. By having a breathable layer with a water vapor transmission rate that is the same as or lower than a water vapor transmission rate of the support layer, the gas permeable layer acts as a major barrier for moisture transmission.

In some embodiments, the support layer is a non-woven layer. In a further embodiment, the breathable material includes a second nonwoven layer, and the breathable layer is disposed between the two nonwoven layers.

In other embodiments, the support layer is a woven fabric layer. In a further embodiment, the breathable material includes a second woven fabric layer, and the breathable layer is disposed between the two woven fabric layers. By having the breathable layer between two weaving fabric layers, the breathable layer is well protected by the two weaving fabric layers.

In certain embodiments, the cushion further comprises a breathable, reflective material attached to the breathable material. By having a breathable material attached to the breathable material A gas-reflective material, the pad is capable of reducing the transmitted heat through the pad by reflecting the radiant heat. This enables the pad to reduce the temperature fluctuations experienced by such goods as a result of changing environmental conditions during transport, which can cause damage to the goods.

In preferred embodiments, the breathable, reflective material is perforated. In a more preferred embodiment, the breathable, reflective material is attached to the breathable material by an adhesive layer. The adhesive layer is preferably discontinuous so as to eliminate the need for perforated openings in the breathable material and the breathable reflective material.

The invention of this case also provides a container liner comprising a plurality of panels joined together to form a complete or partial closure for storing goods, wherein at least a portion of at least one of the panels includes a The illustrated padding defines a breathable panel.

By providing a container liner having a plurality of panels bonded together, it is possible to completely close the cargo inside the container liner. This has the advantage of providing a barrier between the cargo and environmental conditions, while also enabling vapors to be transmitted across at least a portion of the panels (i.e., a breathable panel).

In some embodiments of the container liner, it is not a breathable panel. At least one of the panels has an outer layer of reflective material. In a preferred embodiment, all the panels of the container liner include an outer layer of reflective material. By providing a reflective material on all of the panels of the container liner, the ability to reflect radiant heat is maximized.

In a more preferred embodiment of the container liner, a top panel is the breathable panel. By making the top panel of the container liner breathable, moisture is removed from the container liner The transfer from the inside of the pad to the outside of the container pad is assisted because warmer, humid air will naturally rise to the top of the container pad.

In a more preferred embodiment, the container liner is attached to an interior of a shipping container such that there is an air gap therebetween, on the one hand, the top panel, the side panels, the end panel, and The door panel, and on the other hand, the inner wall surfaces of the shipping container. By providing an air gap between a panel of the container liner and a wall surface of the shipping container, the panel of the container liner can prevent heat from being transmitted to the panel through conduction.

In a preferred embodiment, the container liner is attached to an interior of a shipping container so that water can be prevented from accumulating on the top panel. Avoiding water buildup helps maintain the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable layer.

The invention of the present invention further provides a container liner comprising a plurality of panels joined together to form a complete or partial closure for storing goods, wherein at least a part of a top panel includes a breathable Layer of a breathable material, wherein the breathable material enables vapor to travel across the material, but prohibits the transmission of liquids; and wherein the top panel includes a suspension assembly that raises the top panel to form a top and At least one inclined side to facilitate the flow of condensed water from the top panel.

In a preferred embodiment, the suspension assembly includes a plurality of lifting mechanisms provided along a length of the top panel. The lifting mechanisms may be provided along an intermediate point of the top panel, or may be provided at any position offset from the center line between the intermediate point and the edge where the side wall faces the top panel.

The lifting mechanisms can be sewn into, or pasted to, or otherwise attached to the top panel. In one embodiment, the raising mechanisms are arranged along the The length of the top panel is provided with magnets in a pouch. In other embodiments, the lifting mechanisms may be hooks, double-sided adhesive tape, and / or a top frame on which the top panel is hooked.

10‧‧‧ cushion

20‧‧‧ breathable material

30‧‧‧ breathable layer

31‧‧‧ micropore

32‧‧‧perforation

33‧‧‧ surface

34‧‧‧ opposite surface

40‧‧‧ support layer

40A‧‧‧Second support layer

50‧‧‧ reflective material / reflective layer

60‧‧‧Polymer adhesive layer

100‧‧‧ container liner

110‧‧‧Top panel

111‧‧‧ bottom panel

112‧‧‧Side Panel

113‧‧‧Side panels

114‧‧‧ rear panel

115‧‧‧ front panel

120‧‧‧Hook

130‧‧‧Belt

140‧‧‧Belt

160‧‧‧ Rope

201‧‧‧ Fittings

202‧‧‧Laminated parts with perforations

203‧‧‧Support layer

204‧‧‧ breathable layer

205‧‧‧Final Laminate

300‧‧‧Container liner

308‧‧‧transport container

310‧‧‧Top panel

315‧‧‧Top

320‧‧‧ inclined side

325‧‧‧ Raising institutions

330‧‧‧ sidewall

335‧‧‧ Pouch

340‧‧‧container ceiling

350‧‧‧ suspension combination

A‧‧‧Area

CL‧‧‧ Centerline length

L‧‧‧ length

An embodiment, which combines all the aspects of the invention, which is just an example, will now be described by referring to the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1a is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a gasket; FIG. 1b is a drawing A perspective view of one of the portions of the pad in 1a; FIG. 1c is a cross-sectional view of one of the portions of the pad in FIG. 1a, showing vapor transport across the portion of the pad; FIGS. 2a to 2c is a view of a portion of another pad, shown in a view corresponding to those views of that portion of the pad in FIGS. 1a to 1c; FIGS. 3a to 3c are views of a portion of another pad 1a to 1c are shown in a view corresponding to the views of the portion of the pad in Figs. 1a to 1c; Figs. 4a to 4c are parts of the pad in Figs. 1a to 1c with an additional support layer Views are shown in views corresponding to the views of the portion of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c; Figures 5a to 5c are additional portions of the pad in Figures 2a to 2c with additional support The views of the layers are shown in views corresponding to the views of the part of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c Figures 6a to 6c are views of the portion of the pad in Figures 3a to 3c with an additional support layer to correspond to the views of the portion of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c Revealed Figure 7a is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the pad with a reflective layer attached to it in Figures 4a to 4c; Figure 7b is a perspective view of a portion of the pad in Figure 7a; Figure 7c 7a is a cross-sectional view of one of the portions of the pad in FIG. 7a, showing vapor transmission across the portion of the pad and reflected radiant heat; FIGS. 8a to 8c are the pads in FIGS. 1a to 1c This portion of the pad is accompanied by views of a reflective layer, shown in views corresponding to those views of the portion of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c; Figures 9a to 9c are the pads in Figures 5a to 5c This portion of the pad is accompanied by views of a reflective layer, shown in views corresponding to the views of that portion of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c; Figures 10a to 10c are the pads in Figures 2a to 2c This portion of the pad is attached with views of a reflective layer, shown in a view corresponding to the views of that portion of the pad in Figures 1a to 1c; Figure 11a is a portion of the pad with two reflective layers attached A cross-sectional view; FIG. 11b is a perspective view of the portion of the pad in FIG. 11; FIG. 11c is the pad in FIG. 11 A cross-sectional view of one of the portions, showing vapor transmission across the portion of the pad and reflected radiant heat; Figure 12a is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a pad with a reflective layer attached; Figure 12b is a FIG. 12a is a perspective view of one portion of the pad of FIG. 12a; FIG. 12c is a cross-sectional view of one portion of the pad of FIG. 12a showing vapor transmission across the pad and reflected radiant heat; 13 is a schematic perspective view of a container liner; FIG. 14a is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a breathable material; and FIG. 14b is a diagram of the bonding process for manufacturing a breathable material; FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a pad according to another embodiment; FIG. 16A is a diagram illustrating the pad illustrated in FIG. 15 A cross-sectional end view of the pad; and FIG. 16B is an enlarged view of area A illustrated in FIG. 16A.

Figures 1 to 3 show a cushion 10 that can be used to protect cargo from water damage. The cushion 10 has a breathable material 20 that allows water vapor to pass through to slow down the condensation on the side where the goods of the cushion 10 are provided, but prohibits the transmission of water or other liquids Cross the material to the cargo side. The breathable material 20 has a breathable layer 30. The breathable material enables steam to be transmitted across the material, but water transmission is prohibited as much as possible across the material.

It should be understood that the term 'pad' includes pads formed to substantially surround the cargo, such as shipping container pads, and other pad-like pads such as canvas and coverings. . The term 'pad' thus includes items such as pallet covers, canvas, temporary storage tents, and container pads.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the breathable layer 30 is attached to a support layer 40. The support layer 40 provides a base layer on which the gas-permeable layer 30 is supported. The support layer 40 functions to protect and strengthen the breathable layer 30. The support layer thus has sufficient tensile strength and tear resistance to support and protect the breathable layer 30.

It should be understood that the support layer is a preferred feature and that the breathable material can function without the support layer so that vapor can be transmitted across the breathable material, but liquid transmission should be prohibited as much as possible The breathable material.

Compared to the support layer 40, the breathable layer 30 is designed to be equally breathable or less air-permeable. In this way, compared with the breathable layer 30, the water vapor system can move more easily (or at the same rate) through the support layer 40, causing the breathable layer 30 to function as the main material for moisture transmission. Obstacle. In other words, compared to the support layer 40, the gas-permeable layer 30 has the same or lower water vapor transmission rate.

The gas-permeable layer 30 of the gas-permeable material 20 may be made of a diffusive material, such as a diffusive film (ie, a film capable of molecular diffusion), and vapor is chemically diffused through the film. Alternatively, the breathable layer may be porous to varying degrees, such that the breathable layer is configured to physically allow vapor to transport across the breathable layer in a micro or macro view.

In FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), the gas-permeable layer 30 is made of a diffusing material, such as a diffusing film. The diffusive film may be a monolithic film capable of molecular diffusion. The diffusing film may be a breathable film, such as a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), such as a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The diffusing film absorbs the surface of one of the high-humidity sides of the gas-permeable layer 30, then decomposes and diffuses the polymer matrix through the gas-permeable layer 30, and finally by the gas-permeable layer 30 The removal of the surface on the low humidity side allows moisture to pass through the polymer material layer. That is, the water vapor is transmitted across the breathable layer by the polymer matrix that diffuses through the breathable layer. This mechanism is reversible so that the transport can traverse the breathable layer in two directions and the partial pressure of water vapor on both sides of the diffusive film.

As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) to 2 (c), the breathable layer 30 can be changed to a microporous breathable film. The microporous, breathable film has micropores 31. Such The micropores 31 are produced by stretching a polymer film such as polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) impregnated with an inorganic filler such as calcium carbonate to produce the micro Porous structure. The microporous, breathable film can be combined with other more porous layers to produce a microporous layer with the desired physical properties.

The micropores are smaller than water droplets, so water cannot penetrate through the microporous layer unless sufficient pressure is applied through the structure. However, since these micropores are larger than water vapor and air molecules, water vapor and air can physically pass through the microporous layer. For example, depending on the material, micropores having a diameter of about 0.01 to 4.00 microns can be used.

Alternatively, as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c), the breathable layer 30 may instead have larger holes or channels for the vapor to pass through, and in particular the plastic The film may include perforations 32 extending from one surface 33 of the breathable layer 30 to the opposite surface 34 on the other side of the breathable layer 30.

The perforations 32 can be made by using various methods, such as heated or unheated spikes, heated or unheated needles, or laser beams. The diameter of these perforations will vary depending on the perforation technique used. In general, water, water vapor, and air can pass through the perforations. However, compared to the surface tension of water, materials with lower surface energy are used by capillary action to prevent water flow through the perforations.

Alternatively, the perforations may be made sufficiently small in size so that the transfer of liquids including water is prevented or prohibited. For example, depending on the material, perforations up to about 800 microns in diameter can be used as long as the material with perforations has a lower surface energy than water.

Examples of materials suitable for providing a breathable layer with perforations include Polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The perforated plastic film enables moisture to pass through the physical holes of the breathable layer / material. It should be understood that a wide range of materials can be used to produce a breathable layer with perforations, and as a result, the embodiments with perforations described herein may not require a support layer. This is because a breathable layer with perforations is less damaging than the diffusing film and microporous breathable layers, reducing the need for the breathable layer with perforations. The degree of protection and support. It should also be noted that although the embodiments with perforations can be particularly suitable for applications that do not require a support layer, these diffusive films and microporous embodiments can also function without a support layer.

The support layer 40 provides a base layer on which the gas-permeable layer 30 is supported. The support layer 40 also protects and strengthens the breathable layer 30. The support layer thus has sufficient tensile strength and tear resistance to support and protect the breathable layer 30. The support layer may be a woven or non-woven material that is breathable so as to allow vapor / moisture to pass through as well. Since the degree of water vapor transmission rate is dominated by the air-permeable layer 30, the support layer 40 will have the same or a larger water vapor transmission rate compared to the air-permeable layer 30.

The breathability of the support layer may be a result of a characteristic of the used material. The used material is, for example, a thermoplastic elastomer, which is 'breathable' based on chemical diffusion, or the support layer Includes microwells or perforations as discussed below.

The support layer 40 of the breathable material 20 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is made of a non-woven material, and in this embodiment is especially made of polypropylene (PP). Alternatively, the support layer may be made of non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET), non-woven polyethylene (PE).

Where the support layer 40 is made of a woven fabric, the support layer may be made of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamine Fiber (nylon), glass fiber and cotton.

Referring to the embodiment in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (c), since the support layer 40 is also perforated, the support layer 40 does not need to be a natural breathable material, because the step of perforating the material is originally This makes the support layer breathable. During the manufacture of the breathable material in Figures 3 (a) to 3 (c), the two-layer structure is created and then perforated. In this way, both layers are perforated at the same time, so that the breathable layers are all breathable. The support layer may thus be made of non-woven polypropylene (PP), non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET), non-woven polyethylene (PE), a woven fabric or It is made of a thin film.

It should be understood that the perforated plastic film breathable layer 30 in FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (b) can be attached to a non-perforated support layer 40, as long as the support layer 40 is Breathable materials (such as PP, PET, PE, etc.).

As previously explained, the breathable layer 30 has the same or lower water vapor transmission rate than the support layer 40. Values below the water vapor transmission rate are consistent with the use of a breathability test method according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) E96. It is to be understood that ASTME 96 is not intended to provide a definition for 'breathable', but is only a test method, and the results of this method can distinguish some cases. In the presently described embodiments, the gas-permeable layer 30 has a water vapor transmission rate between 50 g / m ² / day and 5,000 g / m ² / day, preferably between 500 g / m Rates between ² / day and 2500 g / m ² / day, and more preferably about 1,000 g / m ² / day.

Water resistance can also be tested in several ways. Quantifiers below water resistance This water column test was used in conjunction with the American Institute of Textile Chemists and Dye and Dye Association (AATCC) 127. The breathable material 20 is capable of resisting a hydrostatic pressure of at least 250 mm and preferably 1,000 mm or more.

Figures 4 (a) to 4 (c) and Figures 5 (a) to 5 (c) respectively show the breathable material of Figures 2 (a) to 2 (c) and 3 (a) to 3 (c), Another support layer 40A is added, and the other support layer 40A is provided on the other side of the breathable layer 30 relative to the first support layer 40. The second support layer 40A further protects the breathable layer 30 and provides integrity to the entire cushion. 4 (a) to 4 (c) show a breathable layer 30 made of a diffusing film sandwiched between two layers of non-woven polypropylene. 5 (a) to 5 (c) show a breathable layer 30 made of a microporous breathable film sandwiched between two layers of non-woven polypropylene.

It should be understood that one or both of the breathable layers of non-woven polypropylene may be replaced by any of the materials previously described in relation to the support layer. That is, the diffusing film in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (c), or the microporous, breathable film in FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c), may It is arranged between two woven fabric layers, two non-woven layers, or one woven fabric layer and one non-woven layer. It should also be understood that the breathable layer with perforations can also be sandwiched between two support layers.

Figures 6 (a) to 6 (c) show a breathable material similar to the breathable material in Figures 3 (a) to 3 (c). As previously explained in relation to the breathable material in Figures 3 (a) to 3 (c), by combining the three layers 40, 30, 40A, it is shown in Figures 6 (a) to 6 (c) The three layers of breathable material are first produced, and then the three layers of material are perforated. In this way, all three layers are perforated at the same time, making all of these breathable layers breathable. By sandwiching the breathable layer 30 between the two support layers 40 and 40A, the breathable layer 30 is better protected.

A reflective material 50 may be provided on one (or two, as shown in Figures 11 (a) to 11 (c)) of the breathable material previously described. This reflective material 50 acts to reflect radiant (sun) heat. By having a reflective material 50 applied to one of the breathable materials 20, the pad 10 is capable of reducing the transmitted heat through the pad 10 by reflecting the radiant heat. By reducing such incoming and outgoing radiant heat energy, fluctuations in temperature to the cargo being protected by the pad 10 can be reduced. It should be understood that fluctuations in temperature during transport can cause damage to the cargo, especially if there are large fluctuations. The reflective material may be highly reflective so as to reflect most of the radiant heat, thereby further reducing the temperature fluctuations.

High reflectance means an emissivity lower than or equal to 0.2 (equivalent to a reflectance equal to or more than 80%). This is the emissivity measured by the perforated reflective material after it has been perforated. By having a reflective material 50 applied to the breathable material 20, the pad 10 is capable of reducing the transmitted heat across the pad 10 by reflecting radiant heat.

It should be understood that the reflective material must face an air gap in order to be effective. If the pad 10 is used to cover goods, it can be considered that the pad 10 has a 'cargo side' and a 'outer side'. The reflective layer may be on the 'cargo side' and / or the 'outer side'. If the reflective material is applied to only a single side of the breathable material, the reflective material is preferably applied to the 'outside' of the pad 10 because the pad 10 The covered cargo potentially touches the 'cargo side' of the pad 10, removing air gaps in these locations.

7 to 12 show embodiments of the breathable material having a perforated reflective material 50 attached to the breathable material 20. The perforated reflective material 50 may be, for example, a reflective film (with or without a protective layer) or a low-emissivity The film was made. The reflective material 50 is perforated so that the reflective material 50 can also be breathable. The water vapor transmission rate of the perforated reflective material 50 is greater than the water vapor transmission rate of the gas-permeable layer 30.

The reflective material 50 may be attached to the breathable material 20 in any suitable method. For example, as shown in Figures 7 to 12, the reflective material 50 may be attached to the breathable material 20 by a polymer adhesive layer 60, or by an adhesive such as a spot Patterned adhesive layer. The polymer adhesive layer 60 is perforated so that the polymer adhesive layer 60 can be breathable. The water vapor transmission rate of the perforated polymer adhesive layer 60 is greater than the water vapor transmission rate of the gas-permeable layer 30. If a spot-patterned adhesive is used, then depending on the desired pattern, the adhesive or thermal fusion is only applied to a specific area (that is, the adhesive does not cover the entire material).

Figures 11 and 12 show a material manufactured in a manner similar to Figures 3 (a) to 3 (c) and 6 (a) to 6 (c), wherein the material is first produced and then perforated. In relation to FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (c), the layer 30 is attached to the reflective material 50 by a polymer bonding layer 60. The material is then perforated, whereby all three layers are perforated at the same time, making all of these breathable layers breathable. With reference to Figures 11 (a) to 11 (c), layer 30 is sandwiched between two reflective layers 50, and each of these reflective layers is attached to the breathable layer 30 through a polymer adhesive layer 60 . The material is then perforated, thereby perforating all five layers simultaneously, making all of these breathable layers breathable. In these embodiments, the breathable layer 30 functions as a support layer.

The breathable material described previously can be used to create devices to protect the cargo from condensation, but also to prevent water damage from water intrusion. For example, the breathable material can be used to make a cushion 10, such as a pallet cover or temporary storage account. Awning. The gasket 10 may also form at least a part of at least one panel of a container gasket 100. The container gasket 100 includes a plurality of panels bonded together.

FIG. 13 shows a container liner 100 for protecting cargo from water damage. The container liner 100 includes a plurality of panels, that is, a top panel 110, a bottom panel 111, two side panels 112, 113, a rear panel 114, and one or more front panels 115. The multiple panels are combined to form a complete or partial closure for storing the cargo. The top panel 110 of the container liner 100 is made of any of the breathable materials 20 described previously.

By having the top panel 110 of the container pad 100 made of the breathable material 20, the transfer of moisture from the inside of the container pad to the outside of the container pad is facilitated because the warmer and humider Air will naturally rise to the top panel 110 of the container liner 100.

It should be understood that if only a portion of the panel 110 is made of a breathable material, the container pad 100 will still function. It should be further understood that all of the panels of the container liner 100 may be made of the breathable material. Preferably, the top panel 110 is made of the breathable material 20, and the breathable material has a reflective layer with a perforation on the outer side of the breathable material 20. It should be understood that any of the panels of the container liner 100 may be the breathable panel.

It should also be understood that the container liner may be used, for example, in a shipping container, a shipping container, or a cold room.

In use, if the outside temperature of the container liner is too low, or if the relative humidity inside the container liner is too high, condensation will occur inside a standard container liner unit. By allowing water vapor to penetrate through the breathable material 20, the breathable material 20 acts to prevent condensation on the interior of the container liner 100 from condensing on the walls and the roof (not shown) of the container . In addition, if condensed water droplets on the walls of the container and on the roof fall on the container liner 100, it will prevent water from passing across the breathable material because the breathable material enables water vapor to pass across This material, however, prevents the transmission of water. It should be understood that such panels that are not breathable would preferably also be made of a water resistant material.

The container liner 100 may have one or more panels, which are not a breathable panel with an outer layer of reflective material. It is worth noting that all of the panels may have an outer reflective material, including the breathable panel, so as to increase the thermal insulation of the container pad 100 by reducing the radiant heat. It should be understood that if a panel is not a breathable panel, the reflective layer need not be breathable.

It should be understood that the container liner 100 may have one or more panels, which are not a breathable panel and do not have an outer reflective material. For example, the bottom of a container liner 100 may be made of a non-breathable, non-reflective material because there may be no air gap at the bottom of the container liner 100.

By way of example, if the container gasket 100 is disposed in a shipping container, the reflective material will reduce temperature fluctuations in the space inside the container gasket 100. The reflective panels reflect radiant (sun) heat that may reach the container liner 100 from the metal walls and the roof of the containers. This will help slow the increase in temperature inside the container liner. Conversely, when the temperature inside the container liner is higher than the external environment, the reflective characteristics of the container liner 100 will slow down the outflow of thermal energy. The reduction of radiant heat inflow and outflow will help reduce temperature fluctuations inside the container liner. It is generally possible to reduce Less than one shipping container experiences a typical fluctuation of 50 to 55 ° C to 20 to 25 ° C or a lower fluctuation.

If a non-reflective, breathable panel is used on the top panel 100, and other panels also have the reflective properties, the temperature fluctuations in the interior of the container pad 100 will be slightly higher. In a container gasket with a reflective material attached to all of these panels, the temperature fluctuations are much lower than in the absence of the container gasket 100.

In addition, in order to further increase the thermal resistance, the container gasket 100 may be attached to an interior of a shipping container such that an air gap is between the top panel, the side panels, and the ends of the container gasket 100 Panels and door panels and the walls of the shipping container to reduce heat transfer from the shipping container to the container liner by conduction. A method for mounting a gasket in a container is described in Australian Patent 2004201415, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

To insert the container liner 100 into a container, the rear panel 114 is first positioned at the rear end of the container. The belts 140 attached to the side panels 112, 113 and the rear panel 114 are used to maintain the container pad 100 positioned inside the container.

The container liner 100 is positioned inside the container such that an air gap is formed on the long sides and the top, between the container liner 100 and the container. The reflective surface of the container liner 100 reduces heat transmission by (or from) heat radiation to the air immediately adjacent to the container liner 100. The air gap between the container and the container liner 100 improves thermal insulation by minimizing the conduction from the container liner 100 to the container.

In addition, the container liner 100 can be attached to an interior of a shipping container in a manner that prevents water from accumulating on the top panel and promotes any accumulated water from the top The panels flow to the sides of the shipping container. Avoiding water buildup helps prevent water from penetrating the breathable layer due to the hydrostatic pressure of the seated water, and maintains the breathability of the top panel.

FIG. 15 schematically illustrates the shape of a container pad 300 having a suspension assembly 350 that raises the top panel 310 to form a top end 315 and at least one inclined side 320 (two inclined sides are shown in FIG. 15) to help drain any condensed water from the top panel 310. FIG. 16A illustrates the side profile of the container cushion 300 of FIG. 15 inside a shipping container 308, and from this view, the top end 315 and the inclined sides 320 can be clearly seen.

The container cushion 300 has a suspension assembly 350 disposed at a middle width of the cushion 300, that is, along a centerline length CL of the cushion. This configuration results in a symmetrical triangular top panel 310 with inclined sides 320 of equal length. It should be understood that other configurations are possible, such as an asymmetric triangular top panel. Still further, the suspension assembly may be disposed along a length of a top edge of the container pad such that the top occurs above a side wall portion 330 and the top panel has an inclined side surface inclined toward the other side wall portion 330.

Raising mechanisms 325 are provided along a length L of the top panel to act as raising points in the suspension assembly 350. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 15, 16A, and 16B, the raising mechanisms 325 are provided at fixed points along the centerline CL of the top panel, and include pockets 335 to insert magnets Place it.

In the embodiment shown in these drawings, the top panel includes sections of breathable material that are sewn across the width of the container pad 300. In other illustrated embodiments (such as the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 13), the breathable material follows the This length of the container liner is stitched. Therefore, in this embodiment of FIGS. 15, 16A, and 16B, the pouch 335 containing the magnets is sewn into the seam between the section of the breathable material and the ends facing the container . If the seams do not run along that length of the container pad, it will facilitate the pouches to be sewn into the seam and the seams perpendicular to the seam shown in Figures 15, 16A and 16B. The direction is oriented.

Since the container liner 300 is disposed in the shipping container, the magnets are inserted into the pouches 335 and raised toward the container ceiling 340, which is ferromagnetic, where the raising mechanisms are attached to The ceiling, and the midpoint length of the top panel is maintained at one top against the ceiling of the shipping container, while the rest of the top panel is tilted away toward the side of the container. The sides of the container liner 300 may be restricted to the upper corner edge of the container by a tethering mechanism or the like, but at a point lower than the top. The pouches can be sewn into the top panel, for example, along an indirect seam.

Other lifting mechanisms can be used instead of the magnets in the pockets. This may include a double-sided adhesive tape that is applied continuously or discretely along a length of the top panel on one side of the tape, and the other side of the tape is glued to the container ceiling 340.

In yet another embodiment, hook members may be sewn into the top panel and used to hook onto complementary fasteners that are secured along the container ceiling.

In yet another embodiment, and as illustrated in FIG. 13, the collars 150 may be provided along the central portion of the top panel 110 of the container liner 100, and a rope 160 may be routed through the And so on. The rope 160 may be attached to the container such that the central portion of the top panel 110 is higher than the edges of the top panel 110, thereby reducing the amount of water that may accumulate on the top panel. The rope 160 may be attached to the container so that the top panel 110 is tightened to form a triangular shape when viewed from the front of the container so as to prevent water from accumulating in the space between the central portion of the top panel 110 and the edge of the top panel 110.

Also in a further embodiment, a frame (not shown) can be fixed across the shipping container under tension and against the side wall portions near the ceiling. When installed, the frame will be a top, and there may be a series of frames arranged along the length of the container near the ceiling, or there may be at least two frames at each end of the container, Alternatively, there may be a single large frame across the entire length of the container ceiling. The top panel is adjusted for hooking or attaching to such frames, especially on the tops thereof, thereby raising the top panel to form its own top. The top panel may be attached to the top via a rope that is led through loops provided along the top panel, or simply by hooks on the top panel hooked to the frames. frame.

To allow easy access to the interior of the container liner, one or more of the panels can be opened using a zipper or hooks and loop fasteners such as devil felt.

The method of manufacturing the breathable material described previously involves attaching a breathable layer and a support layer to form the breathable material. It should be understood that other methods instead of fit can be used to make the breathable material described previously. For example, the method may use heat pressing, breathable adhesive, and the like.

If the breathable material has a reflective layer, the procedure includes attaching a reflective material to an adhesive layer, perforating the attached reflective material and the adhesive layer, and then applying the perforated material. A reflective material is attached to the breathable layer and the support layer. It should be understood that instead of bonding the reflective material to an adhesive layer, vacuum metallization can be used It is used to deposit a thin layer of metal coating (such as aluminum) onto the breathable layer to create a reflective surface.

Referring to FIG. 14a, the step of bonding a reflective material to an adhesive layer may include a third layer. The third layer is, for example, a non-woven material. In this example, for example, extrusion bonding is used, and the reflective layer is bonded using an adhesive layer and a non-woven fabric to produce the bonding member 201. The applicator is then passed through a perforator to produce an applicator 202 with perforations. Referring to 14B, the perforated bonding member 202 is then subjected to a second bonding with the support layer 203, and the breathable layer 204 is used to produce a final bonding member 205 (see also FIG. 14B).

It should be understood that if the reflective layer is not desired, only the support layer 203 and the breathable layer 204 need to be bonded.

Once the final fitting has been produced, the breathable material is cut according to the required design size, such as a 20ft or 40ft container. As previously discussed, the top panel 110 of a container liner 100 may be made of the breathable material, while the other panels may be made of a non-breathable material, preferably with a reflective layer. of. All of these panels are joined together with hooks 120 and belts 130 (see FIG. 13) added for installation purposes.

An example of another application of a pad would be to form a pallet cover (not shown). The pallet cover can be used to substantially cover the top and sides of a pallet loaded with cargo, effectively closing the cargo. By having a portion of the pallet cover made of a breathable material, the cargo on the pallet can be protected from condensation as it would be collected by a standard pallet cover The moisture will escape through this breathable part. It should be understood that The pallet cover may be entirely made of a breathable material, and the pallet cover may also have one or more parts having a reflective material. In addition, instead of especially a pallet cover, the pad may be a tarpaulin.

Another application for a cushion would be to form a temporary storage tent (not shown). A temporary storage tent would be structurally similar to a container liner, however, it would be a self-supporting structure. A temporary storage tent may also have a sloping roof to facilitate drainage if the temporary storage tent is exposed to rain. Third, by making one or more parts of the temporary storage tent made of a breathable material, the moisture collected by a standard storage tent will be able to escape through the breathable part.

One advantage of the previously described embodiments is that they are provided with a breathable material so that vapor can be transmitted across the material to allow moisture on one side of the pad to pass to the pad. A dry side, instead of condensing on the high humidity side of the pad. In addition, because the breathable material also prohibits the transfer of liquids through the material, the pad also protects the cargo from water damage.

In addition, for embodiments of a polymer matrix capable of diffusing through the breathable layer, it is possible to have a breathable material that is not porous in a microscopic or macroscopic view in order to physically Enables vapor to be transmitted across the breathable layer.

Claims (22)

A gasket for protecting cargo from damage caused by condensation, the gasket comprising: a breathable material having a breathable film layer, wherein the breathable film layer allows vapor to be transmitted across the breathable material, But transmission of liquid is prohibited; wherein the pad further includes a breathable reflective material attached to the breathable material, the breathable reflective material having a reflectance equal to or greater than 80%; wherein the breathable The water vapor transmission rate of the reflective material is greater than the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable film layer; and wherein the breathable material can resist a hydrostatic pressure of 250 mm or greater. The gasket according to item 1 of the application, wherein the breathable layer has a water vapor transmission rate between 50 g / m2 / day and 5,000 g / m2 / day. The gasket according to item 2 of the patent application range, wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable material is about 1,000 g / m2 / day. The gasket according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the breathable material can resist hydrostatic pressure of 1,000 mm or more. A pad according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the vapor is transmitted across the breathable film layer by diffusing through a polymer matrix of the breathable layer. A cushion according to claim 1 in which the vapor is physically transmitted across the breathable film layer. The gasket according to item 6 of the patent application scope, wherein the breathable film layer has a plurality of micropores that allow vapor to pass through the breathable film layer. The gasket according to item 6 of the application, wherein the breathable film layer has a plurality of perforations for allowing vapor to pass through the breathable film layer. A pad according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the breathable film layer is attached to a support layer. The pad according to item 9 of the application, wherein the water vapor transmission rate of the breathable film layer is the same as or smaller than the water vapor transmission rate of the support layer. The pad according to item 9 of the application, wherein the support layer is a non-woven layer or a woven fabric layer. The pad according to item 11 of the application, wherein the breathable material includes a second non-woven layer or a second woven fabric layer, and the breathable film layer is disposed between the non-woven layers Between or between these weaving fabric layers. The pad according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the breathable and reflective material is perforated. The pad according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the breathable and reflective material is attached to the breathable material through an adhesive layer. A container liner comprising a plurality of panels, which are combined together to form a complete or partial closure for storing cargo, wherein at least a part of at least one of the panels includes according to claims 1 to 1 A cushion as in any of 14 items to define a breathable panel. The container gasket according to claim 15 of the patent application scope, wherein at least one of the panels is not an air-permeable panel and an outer layer made of a reflective material. A container liner according to item 15 of the patent application, wherein all such panels include an outer layer made of a reflective material. The container liner according to item 15 of the patent application scope, wherein the top panel is a breathable panel. The container liner according to item 15 of the patent application, wherein the top panel is a breathable panel and includes a suspension assembly that raises the top panel to form a top end and at least one inclined side to help flow out of the top panel Condensed water. The container pad according to claim 19, wherein the suspension combination includes a plurality of lifting mechanisms provided along the length of the top panel. The container gasket according to item 20 of the patent application scope, wherein the lifting mechanisms are positioned in a plurality of magnets in a pouch provided along the length of the top panel. The container gasket according to item 20 of the application, wherein the lifting mechanisms are a plurality of hooks, a double-sided adhesive tape, and / or a top frame on which the top panel is hooked.