TWI664976B - 使用細菌治療癌症之組成物和方法 - Google Patents
使用細菌治療癌症之組成物和方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI664976B TWI664976B TW102147759A TW102147759A TWI664976B TW I664976 B TWI664976 B TW I664976B TW 102147759 A TW102147759 A TW 102147759A TW 102147759 A TW102147759 A TW 102147759A TW I664976 B TWI664976 B TW I664976B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- gram
- bacteria
- cancer
- polymyxin
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 53
- 239000002158 endotoxin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 229920006008 lipopolysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000007893 endotoxin activity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002510 pyrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 108010040201 Polymyxins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010093965 Polymyxin B Proteins 0.000 claims description 47
- 229920000024 polymyxin B Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 229960005266 polymyxin b Drugs 0.000 claims description 47
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010078777 Colistin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N n-[(2s)-4-amino-1-[[(2s,3r)-1-[[(2s)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3s,6s,9s,12s,15r,18s,21s)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-h Polymers CC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O.CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- YKQOSKADJPQZHB-YNWHQGOSSA-N n-[(2s)-4-amino-1-[[(2s,3r)-1-[[(2s)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3s,6s,9s,12s,15r,18s,21s)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1s)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-h Polymers CCC(C)CCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O YKQOSKADJPQZHB-YNWHQGOSSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E1 Natural products CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241000588722 Escherichia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 206010027476 Metastases Diseases 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000009401 metastasis Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000009395 genetic defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 25
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 24
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 22
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 22
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 22
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 21
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 19
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 102100040678 Programmed cell death protein 1 Human genes 0.000 description 16
- GZQKNULLWNGMCW-PWQABINMSA-N lipid A (E. coli) Chemical compound O1[C@H](CO)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](NC(=O)C[C@@H](CCCCCCCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)O1 GZQKNULLWNGMCW-PWQABINMSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 108010021064 CTLA-4 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 102000008203 CTLA-4 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 15
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 15
- 101710089372 Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 210000001744 T-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 13
- 102000004127 Cytokines Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000695 Cytokines Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 10
- 241000699666 Mus <mouse, genus> Species 0.000 description 10
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 10
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 10
- -1 6-fluorenyl Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 230000000259 anti-tumor effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 201000001441 melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclophosphamide Chemical compound ClCCN(CCCl)P1(=O)NCCCO1 CMSMOCZEIVJLDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 8
- 108060008682 Tumor Necrosis Factor Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102000000852 Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 229960004397 cyclophosphamide Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 230000028993 immune response Effects 0.000 description 8
- 210000000987 immune system Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 102000005962 receptors Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108020003175 receptors Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 206010040070 Septic Shock Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 101150060640 lpxM gene Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000011275 oncology therapy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 108010074708 B7-H1 Antigen Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000008096 B7-H1 Antigen Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101100021843 Shigella flexneri lpxM1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 101100021844 Shigella flexneri lpxM2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000556 agonist Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002504 physiological saline solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N (3s)-4-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(1s)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-[[2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MZOFCQQQCNRIBI-VMXHOPILSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 101000851370 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010017324 STAT3 Transcription Factor Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004495 STAT3 Transcription Factor Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 241000293869 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium Species 0.000 description 5
- 102100036856 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 239000012636 effector Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000036303 septic shock Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 4
- 101000914514 Homo sapiens T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000006992 Interferon-alpha Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010047761 Interferon-alpha Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000003996 Interferon-beta Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108090000467 Interferon-beta Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000008070 Interferon-gamma Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010074328 Interferon-gamma Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 108091008874 T cell receptors Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 102000016266 T-Cell Antigen Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 102100027213 T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 239000005557 antagonist Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000003719 b-lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013604 expression vector Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000002865 immune cell Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015788 innate immune response Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229960003130 interferon gamma Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229960001388 interferon-beta Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012454 limulus amebocyte lysate test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 102000039446 nucleic acids Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108020004707 nucleic acids Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 150000007523 nucleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 4
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000588807 Bordetella Species 0.000 description 3
- 101150013553 CD40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000588923 Citrobacter Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000305071 Enterobacterales Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000588921 Enterobacteriaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010017213 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100039620 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101000801234 Homo sapiens Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000013462 Interleukin-12 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010065805 Interleukin-12 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000000588 Interleukin-2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010002350 Interleukin-2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010025323 Lymphomas Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 101100407308 Mus musculus Pdcd1lg2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000588653 Neisseria Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 108700030875 Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100024213 Programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010039491 Sarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 241000607768 Shigella Species 0.000 description 3
- 206010042566 Superinfection Diseases 0.000 description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108060008683 Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100033728 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 101710165473 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102100022153 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 102100040245 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 241000607598 Vibrio Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPQRONHOSHZGFQ-WDCZJNDASA-N aldehydo-D-arabinose 5-phosphate Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PPQRONHOSHZGFQ-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002246 antineoplastic agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005975 antitumor immune response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940127089 cytotoxic agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 210000004443 dendritic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 231100000371 dose-limiting toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 231100000673 dose–response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000367 immunologic factor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229940117681 interleukin-12 Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000010253 intravenous injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229960005386 ipilimumab Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000002540 macrophage Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N metformin Chemical compound CN(C)C(=N)NC(N)=N XZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003105 metformin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007911 parenteral administration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229960003243 phenformin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- ICFJFFQQTFMIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenformin Chemical compound NC(=N)NC(=N)NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ICFJFFQQTFMIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001020 rhythmical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000003298 tumor necrosis factor receptor Human genes 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-beta-D-Xylofuranosyl-NH-Cytosine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1C1C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-bis(butanoylsulfanyl)propyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(SC(=O)CCC)CSC(=O)CCC NHBKXEKEPDILRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000607534 Aeromonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 101100234243 Aquifex aeolicus (strain VF5) kdtA gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 208000031729 Bacteremia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108010077805 Bacterial Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000589562 Brucella Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010078791 Carrier Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010012236 Chemokines Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000019034 Chemokines Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000606161 Chlamydia Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000186216 Corynebacterium Species 0.000 description 2
- UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N Cytidine Natural products O=C1N=C(N)C=CN1[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1 UHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-PSQAKQOGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000002965 ELISA Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001646716 Escherichia coli K-12 Species 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000606790 Haemophilus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000590002 Helicobacter pylori Species 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000015696 Interleukins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010063738 Interleukins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012480 LAL reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 102000018697 Membrane Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010052285 Membrane Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010027458 Metastases to lung Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010027480 Metastatic malignant melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010061902 Pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033289 adaptive immune response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006696 biosynthetic metabolic pathway Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005907 cancer growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003833 cell viability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000001508 eye Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940037467 helicobacter pylori Drugs 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005745 host immune response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011173 large scale experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100001231 less toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036210 malignancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000015486 malignant pancreatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000682 maximum tolerated dose Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 208000021039 metastatic melanoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000001616 monocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229960003301 nivolumab Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000346 nonvolatile oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 201000002528 pancreatic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000003819 peripheral blood mononuclear cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(O)=O WLJVNTCWHIRURA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000040430 polynucleotide Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108091033319 polynucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000002157 polynucleotide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000007910 systemic administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108091005703 transmembrane proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000035160 transmembrane proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150040194 waaA gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMKMEZVLHJARHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-diaminopimelic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CCCC(N)C(O)=O GMKMEZVLHJARHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-[3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxydecanoyloxy]decanoic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC1C(OC(CC(=O)OC(CCCCCCC)CC(O)=O)CCCCCCC)OC(C)C(O)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(C)O1 HVCOBJNICQPDBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101710187837 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxy-1-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CC(O)CN1C1CCNCC1 HIQIXEFWDLTDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100019907 Arabidopsis thaliana KDSA2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010061928 Arabinose-5-phosphate isomerase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000023275 Autoimmune disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003827 Autoimmune hepatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000606125 Bacteroides Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011740 C57BL/6 mouse Methods 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000009458 Carcinoma in Situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010039939 Cell Wall Skeleton Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010010904 Convulsion Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015655 Crocus sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000000634 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000365 Cytochrome-c oxidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000000311 Cytosine Deaminase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010080611 Cytosine Deaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000008157 ELISA kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Elaidinsaeure-aethylester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000010911 Enzyme Precursors Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010062466 Enzyme Precursors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010051066 Gastrointestinal stromal tumour Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 101100519206 Homo sapiens PDCD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000611936 Homo sapiens Programmed cell death protein 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000914484 Homo sapiens T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101000669447 Homo sapiens Toll-like receptor 4 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000008100 Human Serum Albumin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091006905 Human Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000029663 Hypophosphatemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061598 Immunodeficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000029462 Immunodeficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108060003951 Immunoglobulin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930194542 Keto Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010028921 Lipopeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004895 Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001030 Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000007651 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010046938 Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000034578 Multiple myelomas Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001529936 Murinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100288498 Mus musculus Large1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010028813 Nausea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010061309 Neoplasm progression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091034117 Oligonucleotide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101710116435 Outer membrane protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004316 Oxidoreductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000854 Oxidoreductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101150087384 PDCD1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 201000005702 Pertussis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010035226 Plasma cell myeloma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007452 Plasmacytoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007327 Protamines Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010007568 Protamines Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000588769 Proteus <enterobacteria> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000589517 Pseudomonas aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- 108020004511 Recombinant DNA Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000405383 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium str. LT2 Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700584 Simplexvirus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006044 T cell activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102100027222 T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000006601 Thymidine Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108020004440 Thymidine kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102100039360 Toll-like receptor 4 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 208000010097 Unknown Primary Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uranyl acetate Chemical compound O.O.O=[U]=O.CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O COQLPRJCUIATTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001148134 Veillonella Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010047700 Vomiting Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000235013 Yarrowia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010000269 abscess Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001148470 aerobic bacillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium tristearate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CEGOLXSVJUTHNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940063655 aluminum stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000007502 anemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002870 angiogenesis inducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001772 anti-angiogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000692 anti-sense effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006023 anti-tumor response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000436 anus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006907 apoptotic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012131 assay buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011888 autopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003578 bacterial chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960001212 bacterial vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000981 basic dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000013 bile duct Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003445 biliary tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000027119 bilirubin metabolic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000000443 biocontrol Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004071 biological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009141 biological interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001574 biopsy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000000545 bladder carcinoma in situ Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001185 bone marrow Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940022399 cancer vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009566 cancer vaccine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000002458 carcinoid tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004520 cell wall skeleton Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004081 cilia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002808 connective tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002577 cryoprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001086 cytosolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000433 cytotoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001472 cytotoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013872 defecation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012897 dilution medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002222 downregulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003372 endocrine gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150086527 eptA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000003238 esophagus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N ethyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC LVGKNOAMLMIIKO-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940093471 ethyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013230 female C57BL/6J mice Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000005002 female reproductive tract Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008175 fetal development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001605 fetal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003495 flagella Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108020001507 fusion proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000037865 fusion proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000005021 gait Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000232 gallbladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000011243 gastrointestinal stromal tumor Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003862 glucocorticoid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002449 glycine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014829 head and neck neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000011066 hemangioma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000005787 hematologic cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000024200 hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000000777 hematopoietic system Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000283 hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000002386 heptoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000005556 hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088597 hormone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000036796 hyperbilirubinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003026 hypopharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008004 immune attack Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001900 immune effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008629 immune suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007813 immunodeficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000004957 immunoregulator effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001506 immunosuppresive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004933 in situ carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000028709 inflammatory response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 108091008042 inhibitory receptors Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940047122 interleukins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007917 intracranial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007919 intrasynovial administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101150049174 kdsA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000003734 kidney Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000032839 leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KVJWZTLXIROHIL-QDORLFPLSA-N lipid IVA Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](OC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)O[C@@H]1CO[C@H]1[C@H](NC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@@H](OC(=O)C[C@H](O)CCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KVJWZTLXIROHIL-QDORLFPLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006194 liquid suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001165 lymph node Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004698 lymphocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000019420 lymphoid neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003211 malignant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002418 meninge Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001394 metastastic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 206010061289 metastatic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003228 microsomal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000027939 micturition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004985 myeloid-derived suppressor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008693 nausea Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001338 necrotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011587 new zealand white rabbit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003729 nucleotide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011369 optimal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007935 oral tablet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003300 oropharynx Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 201000008968 osteosarcoma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 101150054449 pagP gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000000496 pancreas Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108700010839 phage proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009520 phase I clinical trial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920000729 poly(L-lysine) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000026341 positive regulation of angiogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029279 positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036544 posture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035935 pregnancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000770 proinflammatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002307 prostate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000023958 prostate neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229950008679 protamine sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000000664 rectum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013974 saffron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004248 saffron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013207 serial dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008159 sesame oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011803 sesame oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001839 systemic circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010043554 thrombocytopenia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229950007217 tremelimumab Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001228 trophic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004614 tumor growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005751 tumor progression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001072 type 2 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000402 unacceptable toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 241001148471 unidentified anaerobic bacterium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003827 upregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008673 vomiting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940055760 yervoy Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
- A61K35/74—Bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/11—Aldehydes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/155—Amidines (), e.g. guanidine (H2N—C(=NH)—NH2), isourea (N=C(OH)—NH2), isothiourea (—N=C(SH)—NH2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/664—Amides of phosphorus acids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
- A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/1703—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- A61K38/1709—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans from vertebrates from mammals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
- A61K38/1774—Immunoglobulin superfamily (e.g. CD2, CD4, CD8, ICAM molecules, B7 molecules, Fc-receptors, MHC-molecules)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/19—Cytokines; Lymphokines; Interferons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/025—Enterobacteriales, e.g. Enterobacter
- A61K39/0258—Escherichia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/02—Bacterial antigens
- A61K39/025—Enterobacteriales, e.g. Enterobacter
- A61K39/0275—Salmonella
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
- A61K39/39533—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals
- A61K39/39558—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum against materials from animals against tumor tissues, cells, antigens
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
- A61P29/02—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID] without antiinflammatory effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
- A61P35/04—Antineoplastic agents specific for metastasis
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/02—Antidotes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/36—Adaptation or attenuation of cells
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/52—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells
- A61K2039/521—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells inactivated (killed)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/52—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells
- A61K2039/522—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells avirulent or attenuated
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/51—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising whole cells, viruses or DNA/RNA
- A61K2039/52—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells
- A61K2039/523—Bacterial cells; Fungal cells; Protozoal cells expressing foreign proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K2039/58—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies raising an immune response against a target which is not the antigen used for immunisation
- A61K2039/585—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies raising an immune response against a target which is not the antigen used for immunisation wherein the target is cancer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
- A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
- A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oncology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Abstract
本發明提供之組成物實質上包含非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體,及使用該相同組成物治療癌症的方法,該有機體具有實質降低之內毒素活性及/或致熱性。亦提供本文所提供用於治療癌症的方法,包含將一份量足以抑制癌症的生長或轉移的實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌施予經診斷患有癌症的哺乳動物,該細菌具有實質降低之內毒素活性/及或致熱性。提供另外的方法包含施予活的或非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體,該有機體具有導致該細菌外膜內的脂多醣實質喪失的基因缺陷。另提供包含以多黏菌素及戊二醛處理,用以降低革蘭氏陰性細菌之內毒素活性及/或致熱性的方法。
Description
本申請案基於35U.S.C.§119(e)主張2013年1月2日提出申請的美國臨時申請案第61/748,369號之權益,其藉由引用方式併入本文。
本發明揭示關於包含革蘭氏陰性細菌之組成物及藉由施予彼以治療癌症之方法。
受細菌感染的患者之癌症消退的相關性早在1868年被發現並提出報告。將減毒之活沙門桿菌有機體系統性施予患有實體腫瘤的動物已被報告能導致腫瘤治療。參見如美國專利第6,685,935號及Pawelek等人文獻(Lancet Oncol.4(9):548-56,2003)。此外,膀胱內(非全身性)施予減毒之革蘭氏陽性分枝桿菌(BCG)已在美國證實能用於膀胱原位癌(CIS)之治療及預防。
針對某些營養缺陷型的突變株,使用活的革蘭氏陰性
沙門桿菌以改善腫瘤治療也已經提出報告。參見如Hoffman et al.,Amino Acids 37:509-521,2009、美國專利申請案第20090300779號(Zhao等人)及Zhao等人(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(USA)102(3):775-760,2005)。
製備msbB基因座缺失的沙門桿菌,其表現在外膜中脂質A的末端缺乏豆蒄酸化之LPS。經該msbB沙門桿菌菌株處理之小鼠與豬的TNF-α誘導量分別為經野生型細菌處理之誘導量的33%和14%。參見如Low et al.,Nature 17:37-41,1999及美國專利第7,354,592號(Bermudes 等人)。據報導,施予此等活的有機體(包括菌株VNP20009)以抑制皮下植入之B16F10鼠黑色素瘤的生長,以及人腫瘤異種移植Lox、DLD-1、A549、WiDr、HTB117及MDA-MB-231在小鼠中的生長(Luo et al.,Oncol.Res.12(11-12):501-508,2001)。沙門桿菌菌株VNP20009亦經提出報告能改善以最大容忍劑量及低劑量節律性療法之化療藥劑環磷醯胺的抗腫瘤功效(Jia et al.,Int.J.Cancer 121(3):666-674,2007)。
無法製造脂質A且於外膜中缺乏LPS的革蘭氏陰性細菌的條件式突變株已被製備,但經報導對有機體有毒性。例如,合成3-去氧-D-甘露辛酮糖酸(Kdo)的突變抑制或Kdo分子併入脂質IVA的突變抑制能防止脂質A與LPS之合成及LPS前驅體在革蘭氏陰性細菌的外膜的定位。脂質IVA為缺乏糖基化的LPS前驅物。該等突變株
的活化導致細菌活性喪失(Rick et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 69(12):3756-3760,1972、Belunis et al.J.Biol.Chem.270(46):27646-27652,1995及Taylor et al.J.Biol.Chem.275(41):32141-32146,2000)。
也可能經由使用外源性添加化合物來抑制Kdo併入脂質IVA、脂質A之合成及外膜定位。Goldman等人(J Bacteriol.170(5):2185-91,1988)描述特異性抑制CTP:CMP-3去氧-D-甘露辛酮糖酸胞苷醯轉移酶活性的抗菌藥劑,藉此阻礙2-酮3去氧-D-甘露辛酮糖酸(Kdo)併入革蘭氏陰性有機體之脂質IVA中。當LPS合成停止時,發現與脂質IVA結構相似的分子累積,且細菌生長停止。該作者的結論是添加Kdo至LPS前驅物脂質類IVA為在鼠傷寒沙門桿菌LT2及大腸桿菌(E.coli)兩者中形成脂質A-Kdo2的主要路徑。
最近,外膜中缺乏LPS(包括脂質A或6-醯基脂多醣)的革蘭氏陰性細菌的突變體已被製備且維持其存活力。例如,美國專利申請案第2010/0272758號指出大腸桿菌K-12菌株KPM22在合成3-去氧-d-甘露辛酮糖酸(Kdo)是有缺陷的。KPM22具有主要以脂質IVA組成的外膜(OM)。該些有機體的存活力是藉由有助於將脂質IVA從內膜傳輸至外膜的第二位點抑制因子的存在而達成。據報導,此抑制因子係減輕脂質IVA累積於內膜的毒性副作用並提供足夠LPS前驅物的量以維持OM生源。如同由其自身在高達1μg/mL的LPS前驅物劑量下無法誘導
由人類單核細胞分泌TNF-α所判定,由此缺乏內毒素活性的菌株製造LPS前驅物。亦參見Mamat等人(Mol Microbiol.67(3):633-48,2008)。
與感染及敗血性休克有關的劑量限制副作用顯著地限制將活菌全身性施予至癌症病患。此限制與野性型細菌(參見如Wiemann and Starnes,Pharmac.Ther.64:529-564,1994以供檢閱)有關,且亦與於腫瘤組織中選擇性增生且表現經修飾之脂質A的基因性減毒細菌有關(參見如Toso et al.,J.Clin.Oncol.20(1):142-152,2002)。這些限制導致使用熱滅活細菌用於癌症治療。參見如Havas等人(Med.Oncol.& Tumour Pharmacother.10(4):145-158,1993)、Ryoma等人(Anti-cancer Res.24:3295-3302,2004)、Maletzki等人(Clin.Develop.Immunol.2012:1-16,2012)、美國專利第8,034,359 B2號(Gunn)、歐洲專利第EP 1,765,391 B1號(Gunn)及Wiemann and Starnes(Pharmac.Ther.64:529-564,1994)以供檢閱。然而,非感染的滅活細菌仍誘導顯著劑量限制性毒性,其與LPS衍生的內毒素及其他細胞成份有關,其他細胞成份為致熱的並可產生敗血性休克症狀。於是,以細菌治療癌症的進一步改善是有必要的。
本文所提供用於藉由將一份量的革蘭氏陰性細菌施予至哺乳動物來治療經診斷為患有癌症的哺乳動物(如人
類)癌症的組成及方法,其中該細菌為(i)非活的或實質上在哺乳動物中係非活的,(ii)具有實質降低之內毒素活性及/或致熱性,及(iii)係由一有效量施予以抑制癌症的生長或轉移能力。在某些實施例中,革蘭氏陰性細菌在施予至哺乳動物前係藉由以(i)輻射、(ii)化學滅菌劑、(iii)使內毒素失活的抗生素(例如多黏菌素B或多黏菌素E)或(iv)干擾KDO2-脂質IVA的有機體合成之抗生素來處理後呈現非活的或實質上非活的。可替代地,或除了前述處理的任何一或多者,革蘭氏陰性細菌進一步包括干擾或部分干擾KDO2-脂質IVA或防止KDO2-脂質IVA的O-醯化之有機體合成的基因缺陷。干擾或部分干擾KDO2-脂質IVA的O-醯化基因缺陷包括,例如功能性干擾msbB及lpxM基因座的缺陷。
在本揭示的一態樣中,組成物包含實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌及藥學上可接受的賦形劑,該細菌具有實質降低之內毒素活性及/或熱發性。在一實施例中,非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌係由戊二醛處理而製成。在另一施實例中,內毒素活性及/或致熱性是由多黏菌素B或多黏菌素E處理而降低。在進一步實施例中,內毒素活性及/或致熱性係以戊二醛處理而降低。
在另一態樣中,提供治療經診斷患有癌症的哺乳動物,其包括施予一份量實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌,該細菌具有實質降低之內毒素活性及/或致熱性,其中該施予量足以抑制癌症的生長或轉移。
在另一態樣中,本揭示提供用於治療經診斷患有癌症的哺乳動物中的癌症之方法,藉由將一份量的革蘭氏陰性細菌施予至哺乳動物,其中該細菌係活的、可能有或可能沒有減毒且具有導致細菌的外膜內之脂多醣實質或完全喪失的基因缺陷且其中施予量足以抑制癌症的生長或轉移能力。
在一實施例中,本揭示提供用於治療癌症的方法,包含將一活的或非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體的量施予至經診斷為患有癌症的哺乳動物,該細菌具有導致該細菌外膜內的脂多醣實質喪失的基因缺陷,其中施予量足以抑制癌症生長。
在一些實施例中,該基因缺陷干擾或部分干擾KDO2-脂質IVA的有機體合成,或防止KDO2-脂質IVA的O-醯化。
在某些實施例中,癌症為實體腫瘤。
在其他實施例中,對哺乳動物進一步施予化療藥劑,例如環磷醯胺。在其他實施例中,對哺乳動物進一步施予免疫功能抑制受體或包括例如抑制T細胞受體功能的受體促效劑或T細胞受體配體(例如CTLA-4、PD-1、PD-L1及PD-L2)之拮抗劑。
在其他實施例中,對哺乳動物進一步施予免疫功能刺激受體的促效劑,包括例如刺激性T細胞受體的促效劑。適合的受體目標包括例如GITR、4-1BB、CD40及OX40。
在其他實施例中,對哺乳動物進一步施予免疫功能刺激細胞激素,包括例如干擾素-α、干擾素-β、干擾素-γ、顆粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子、介白素-2及介白素-12。
在其他實施例中,革蘭氏陰性細菌為沙門桿菌屬或大腸桿菌屬。
在另一實施例中,本揭示提供藉由以多黏菌素B及戊二醛處理該細菌而殺死或降低革蘭氏陰性細菌的內毒素活性及/或致熱性。在一實施例中,存活力降係至0%且內毒素活性或致熱性係降低約90%或96%。
圖1及2顯示以多黏菌素B(PMB)培養大腸桿菌以降低細菌的細胞相關內毒素活性等級與細胞存活力。此係進一步描述於實施例2中。
圖3及4顯示以戊二醛(GA)培養大腸桿菌以降低與細菌細胞相關的內毒素活性等級與細胞存活力,如同實施例3中進一步描述。
圖5描述大腸桿菌未經處理(圖5A)、以1,000μg/mL PMB處理(圖5B)、1% GA(圖5C)或PMB及GA兩者(圖5D)之穿透式電子顯微鏡影像,顯示細菌在所有處理後仍維持完整,如同實施例4中進一步描述。
圖6描述顯示經PMB+GA處理之大腸桿菌在小鼠中的的皮下小鼠B16F10黑色素瘤的生長之劑量依賴性效應
的圖表,如同實施例7中進一步描述。
圖7示出顯示未經處理及經1% GA處理之大腸桿菌在小鼠中的皮下小鼠B16F10黑色素瘤的生長之劑量依賴性效應的圖表,如同實施例8中進一步描述。
圖8A及8B說明顯示不利用及利用節律性環磷醯胺(圖8A)或抗小鼠CTLA-4抗體(圖8B)之經PMB+GA處理大腸桿菌在小鼠中的皮下CT26小鼠大腸癌的生長之劑量依賴性效應之圖表,如同實施例8中進一步描述。
本文提供包含非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體的組成物,且其具有實質降低之內毒素及/或致熱活性及用以治療癌症的方法,包含施予一份量非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體至患有癌症的哺乳動物,該有機體具有實質降低之內毒素或致熱活性的,其中該施予量足以抑制癌症的生長或轉移。
負責由細菌所介導的抗腫瘤活性可能機制包括腫瘤組織中活菌有機體的選擇性增生與宿主免疫反應的刺激,特別是經由以LPS(內毒素)介導之自宿主單核細胞釋放的殺瘤細胞激素之誘導。然而,活菌的增生及經LPS(內毒素)介導之細胞激素之誘導(即使以由msbB突變而減毒的LPS),據信是負責與由活菌治療哺乳動物相關的劑量限制性毒性。Toso等人(J.Clin.Oncol.20(1):142-
152,2002)以經msbB減毒的活沙門桿菌治療癌症病患及包括與細胞激素釋放有關的菌血症及副作用之劑量限制性毒性。相較於人類腫瘤異種移植,在小鼠中腫瘤組織的細菌增生降低且對細胞激素介導之毒性敏感性較高。據信由缺乏一個二級醯基鏈之LPS的部分介導之以活的細菌及/或細胞激素相關毒性之全身性增生,可避免施予活的、減毒的革蘭氏陰性細菌之安全有效量至一些哺乳動物(諸如人類)而非小鼠,其已知是對於細菌的感染及與細胞誘導之敗血性結果相對較有抗性。
僅管不希望受到理論所束縛,相較於使用活的或有活性有機體,據信具有實質降低的內毒素活性及/或致熱性之殺死或非活的革蘭氏陰性有機體,能以較少毒性且更有效的量施予至癌症病患以治療癌症,該活的或有活性有機體以無法由醫生控制各種方式增生於每個病患的正常及腫瘤組織中,或增生不足以產生治療效果,或增生太多,藉此產生不可接受的毒性。相較於使用表現野生型內毒素活性及/或致熱性的殺死的細菌,據信具有實質降低之內毒素活性及/或致熱性之殺死或非活的革蘭氏陰性有機體,能以較少毒性且較有效的量施予至癌症病患以治療癌症。
不論施予活的並減毒的或是殺死的有機體,其據信具有LPS形成的基因缺陷之活的革蘭氏陰性有機體會導致在細菌的外膜中糖基化脂質A及LPS的量實質降低,以防止在哺乳動物宿主內進一步增生。僅管此有機體缺乏造成內毒素休克的功能性LPS分子及對宿主的免疫系統提供刺
激,據信在革蘭氏陰性細菌具有其他特性,其將刺激宿主的先天或結合先天及後天的免疫反應以達成殺死腫瘤細胞或抑制腫瘤生長。
在一實施例中,如本文中所揭示,在癌症治療中使用革蘭氏陰性有機體,不含有編碼或表現非細菌蛋白之DNA(例如腫瘤特異性抗原)。由於革蘭氏陰性有機體不直接誘導抵抗腫瘤抗原之特異性免疫反應,因此不是癌症疫苗。此外,該些有機體用作為佐劑或生物性反應調節劑(BRM),其通常可刺激宿主先天免疫反應且可能間接刺激後天抗腫瘤免疫反應。在一些實施例中,革蘭氏陰性有機體直接注射至腫瘤內或腫瘤位置附近,或全身性注射並累積於腫瘤附近。增加對該有機體的先天性免疫反應則可能接著變成針對腫瘤。除此之外,或可替代的,抵抗該有機體的免疫反應可刺激或活化既存腫瘤(pre-existing tumor)抗原特異性細胞,其能夠參與後天抗腫瘤反應。
在另一個實施例中,革蘭氏陰性有機體生表現編碼表現非細菌蛋白的DNA,包括例如腫瘤特異性抗原或免疫系統刺激蛋白。在此,該有機體可注射於腫瘤內或腫瘤附近,或全身性注射,並誘導抵抗該有機體的先天或後天免疫反應、腫瘤特異性抗原或兩者。
如本文中所使用,術語腫瘤特異性抗原意指經由腫瘤表現但不由任何源自該腫瘤的有機體的正常細胞表現之抗原。術語腫瘤相關抗原意指由腫瘤表現但可能也由源自該腫瘤的有機體的正常細胞以受限的方式表現的抗原。由正
常細胞的受限型表現或由僅在胎兒發育期間(即胎兒抗原)的正常細胞表現,該表現的受限方式可反映在正常細胞中的表現等級比腫瘤低。如本文所使用,抗原為可經由免疫反應或抗體,或由免疫細胞(如T細胞)所辨識的任何分子。
如本文中所使用之術語「佐劑」及「生物性反應調節劑」意指增強對抗原、腫瘤或腫瘤相關細胞的免疫反應之任何物質。因此,佐劑或生物性反應調節劑可用於刺激免疫系統以對外源抗原、或表現新抗原之致病的或疾病相關的細胞,或一現有抗原的結構性變化或異常濃度有更強烈的反應。然而,在一些實施例中,考慮將革蘭氏陰性細菌的重組形式表現例如腫瘤特異性或腫瘤相關抗原,或人類免疫激活蛋白,諸如細胞激素或趨化激素用於所揭示之方法中。在另一實施例中,經純化之免疫激活蛋白,諸如細胞激素或趨化激素,係在施予之前與革蘭氏陰性有機體混合,或在革蘭氏陰性有機體之前或之後施予。
如同本文中所使用,術語哺乳動物包括任何哺乳動物,諸如人類、狗、貓、乳牛、綿羊等等。較佳的哺乳動物為人類。
術語「革蘭氏陰性細菌」意指不保留初始鹼性染劑染色(例如結晶紫),其為已知之革蘭氏染色程序之一部分。在一例示性革蘭氏染色中,細胞首先藉由加熱固定至玻片並以鹼性染劑(例如結晶紫)染色,其染劑被革蘭氏陰性及革蘭氏陽性細菌兩者攝入。玻片接著以媒染劑(例
如革蘭氏碘)處理,其可與鹼性染劑(例如結晶紫)結合並截留於細胞中。該細胞接著以丙酮或醇清洗,並接著以不同色的二級染劑(例如番紅花紅)複染。革蘭氏陽性有機體保留初始紫染色,而革蘭氏陰性有機體經有機溶劑脫色而呈現複染色。例示性革蘭氏陰性細菌包括,但不限於,大腸桿菌屬、志賀桿菌屬、沙門桿菌屬、曲狀桿菌屬、奈瑟菌屬、嗜血桿菌屬、氣單胞菌屬、法蘭西斯桿菌屬、耶氏桿菌屬、克萊桿菌屬、博德氏桿菌屬、退伍軍人桿菌屬、棒狀桿菌屬、檸檬酸桿菌屬、披衣菌屬、布氏桿菌屬、假單胞菌屬、幽門螺旋桿菌屬及弧菌屬。
在革蘭氏陰性有機體為腸內桿菌科,伴隨許多無害共生體之大家族,包含許多已知病原體,諸如沙門桿菌、大腸桿菌、鼠疫耶氏桿菌、克萊桿菌及志賀桿菌、變形桿菌、腸內桿菌、鋸桿菌及檸檬酸桿菌。如同存活於動物小腸中的數種成員,腸內桿菌的成員被稱為腸內菌。
腸內桿菌為桿狀、通常為1至5μm長。其為兼厭氧菌,將醣類發酵以產生乳酸及各種最終產物。大多數亦將硝酸鹽還原成亞硝酸鹽,且通常缺乏細胞色素C氧化酶。大多數具有許多用於活動的鞭毛,但有些係不動的。腸內桿菌不形成芽孢。
術語「載體」意指一核酸分子,其能夠與另一核酸分子連接成為單個核酸而運送之。能夠將基因的表現引導至其可操作地連接的載體,在本文中稱為「表現載體」。在本文中使用的術語「表現系統」意指能夠使序列在表現載
體中被轉錄為RNA、折疊為結構RNA或轉譯成蛋白之組成的組合。表現系統可為體外表現系統,諸如根據已知方法之市售或可輕易達成者,或可為體內表現系統,諸如含有表現載體的真核或原核宿主細胞。通常,在重組DNA技術中使用的表現載體可為「質體」,在其載體型式中一般指不與細菌染色體結合的環狀雙股DNA。在本領域中已詳知之其他表現載體也可使用於表現系統(例如黏質體、噬質體及噬菌體載體)中。
術語「核酸」意指多核苷酸或寡核苷酸,諸如去氧核醣核酸(DNA),及在適當情況下的核醣核酸(RNA)。亦應了解此術語包含作為由核苷酸類似物製成之RNA或DNA的類似物之等同物,且適用於單(正義或反義)或雙股多核苷酸之所述之實施例。
在本文中所使用之術語「調節」意指調升(即,活化或刺激(例如藉由促進或增效))及調降(即抑制或壓抑(例如藉由拮抗、降低或抑制))。術語「可誘導的」特別意指非固有的基因表現,但在對一刺激產生反應發生該基因表現(例如溫度、重金屬或其他媒介添加物)。
可以本文中的方法使用之候選細菌有機體為且源自該些具有如野生型有機體之內毒素活性的革蘭氏陰性有機體。例示性革蘭氏陰性細菌包括,但不限於,大腸桿菌屬、志賀桿菌屬、沙門桿菌屬、曲狀桿菌屬、奈瑟菌屬、
嗜血桿菌屬、氣單胞菌屬、法蘭西斯桿菌屬、耶氏桿菌屬、克萊桿菌屬、博德氏桿菌屬、退伍軍人桿菌屬、棒狀桿菌屬、檸檬酸桿菌屬、披衣菌屬、布氏桿菌屬、假單胞菌屬、幽門螺旋桿菌屬及弧菌屬。候選革蘭氏陰性有機體也可以是落入腸內桿菌科、假單胞菌科、奈瑟氏菌科、韋榮氏球菌科、擬桿菌科、弧菌科、巴斯德菌科及梭桿菌科家族之有機體。在一些實施例中,候選有機體為沙門桿菌屬或大腸桿菌屬之物種。
已由Luo et al.,Oncol Res.12(11-12):501-8,2001所描述之VNP20009為一候選沙門桿菌有機體。VNP20009係以msbB及purI基因座缺失而基因改造的鼠傷寒沙門桿菌菌株。以活VNP20009於1×104至3×106cfu/mouse之範圍的劑量靜脈給藥至帶有腫瘤的小鼠以抑制植入B16F10小鼠黑色素瘤及人類腫瘤異種移植Lox、DLD-1、A549、WiDr、HTB177和MDA-MB-231的皮下生長。靜脈施予VNP20009亦抑制該些動物中肺轉移瘤的生長。亦參見美國專利第7,354,592號(Bermudes等人)。
另一候選沙門桿菌有機體為Eisenstein et al.Med.Oncol.12(2):103-8,1995所述之SL3235。SL3235為一減毒沙門桿菌菌株,當施予活菌株可治癒小鼠中生長的漿細胞瘤。
又一候選沙門桿菌包括由Hoffman et al.,Amino Acids 37:509-521,2009所提出之營養缺陷型突變體。鼠
傷寒沙門桿菌A1-R突變為白胺酸-精胺酸之營養型突變且具有高抗種瘤毒性。在體外,A1-R感染腫瘤細胞並造成核破壞。施予A1-R治療原位植入裸鼠中的轉移型人類前列腺與乳房瘤。以原發性骨肉瘤及肺轉移瘤靜脈施予(i.v.)A1-R至裸鼠係有效的,尤其是抵抗轉移。當將A1-R施予至裸鼠脾臟內,亦經報導有效的抵抗胰腺癌肝轉移。亦參見美國專利申請案第20090300779號(Zhao等人)及Zhao等人(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(USA)102(3):775-760,2005)。
經美國專利第6,685,935號(Pawelek等人)報導,多種革蘭氏陰性有機體適用於實體腫瘤的治療。如有機體在施予後於腫瘤中優先複製,該些有機體被稱為超級感染。超級感染包括沙門桿菌屬(例如鼠傷寒沙門桿菌)的腫瘤特異性突變體。亦如所述,超級感染為沙門桿菌屬的腫瘤特異性突變體,含有諸如來自疱疹單純型病毒的胸苷激酶、來自大腸桿菌的胞嘧啶脫氨酶或人類微粒體p450氧化還原酶之自殺基因。亦參見Pawelek等人(Lancet Oncol.4(9):548-56,2003)。
在一實施例中,大腸桿菌係被選為有機體。考慮一特定菌株為大腸桿菌菌株2617-143-312,(Migula)Castellani and Chalmers(ATCC® 13070TM)。可使用額外的大腸桿菌菌株包括MG1655(ATCC® 47076)及KY8284(ATCC® 21272)。
於本文之方法中使用的革蘭氏陰性有機體不必需為包
含或表現與野生型有機體不同之重組有機體。然而,在一些實施例中,該有機體可被修飾為表現某些非原生性分子。例如,美國專利第7,452,531號提出製備及使用減毒腫瘤靶向細菌載體,以用於遞送一或多個初級效應分子至實體腫瘤的位置。根據此方法,當全身性施予至宿主時效應分子可能有毒性,可由減毒腫瘤靶向細菌原位遞送,以降低對宿主的毒性。特別是減毒腫瘤靶向細菌可為兼好氧菌或兼厭氧菌,其是經修飾以編碼一或多個初級效應分子。初級效應分子包括TNF細胞激素家族、抗血管生成因子以及細胞毒性多肽或肽之成員。本揭示之主要效應分子,例如,治療實體腫瘤癌,諸如惡性腫瘤、黑色素瘤、淋巴瘤、肉瘤或來自該些腫瘤的轉移瘤是有用的。
可使用各種方法降低細菌有機體的內毒素及/或致熱性。如本文中所使用,術語「內毒素活性」意指部分革蘭氏陰性細菌可造成毒性,包含致熱性及敗血性休克。歸因於內毒素的毒性效應已發現與存在或源自於革蘭氏陰性細菌外膜的脂多醣分子的糖基化脂質A部分有關。
術語「脂多醣(LPS)」意指由脂質與多醣(糖磷脂)以共價鍵連接而組成的大分子。LPS包含三個部分:1)O抗原;2)核心寡糖及3)脂質A。O抗原為附接至核心寡糖的連續聚醣聚合物,且包含LPS分子最外層的域。核心寡糖直接附接至脂質A且通常含有諸如庚醣及
3-去氧-D-甘露辛酮糖酸(亦被稱為KDO,酮基-脫氧辛酮糖)的糖。脂質A為一連接至多個脂肪酸的磷酸葡萄糖二糖。脂肪酸將LPS錨定至細菌膜內,且其餘的LPS自細胞表面突出。若LPS突變或被移除可能導致細菌死亡。
內毒素活性存留於LPS的脂質A域部分。當細菌細胞被免疫系統溶解,含有脂質A的膜片段被釋放至體循環中,造成發燒(致熱性)、腹瀉及潛在的致命休克(稱為內毒素或敗血性休克)。LPS的毒性是由脂質A經由與哺乳動物免疫系統的B細胞及巨噬細胞交互作用所表現,導致前發炎細胞激素分泌的過程,主要為腫瘤壞死因子(TNF),其對宿主可能有致命的結果。脂質A亦「在體外」活化人類T淋巴細胞(Th-1)以及「在體內」活化鼠CD4+及CD8+ T細胞,其係使宿主免疫系統為反應於各種大小的LPS碳水化合物鏈而裝載一特定的、記憶性的IgG抗體之性能。基於此,LPS在近年已可「在體內」被辨識為T細胞依賴性抗原。
內毒素活性可以本領域中所詳知之方法測量,包括例如,其利用鱟的血液之鱟檢測試劑(Limulus Amebocyte Lysate(LAL))試驗,其能夠偵測非常低之LPS濃度。由於經由酵素級聯放大,內毒素活性的存在將導致鱟血溶解物的凝固。LAL試驗的凝膠、濁度以及顯色形式可由市售購得。參見如Lonza,Allendale,NJ,and Clongen Labs,Germantown,MD。
亦已知以酵素結合免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)為基的
內毒素活性試驗,諸如來自德國慕尼黑Hyglos的EndoLISA®。此試驗採用附接至固相的LPS特異性噬菌體蛋白以捕獲LPS,並接續清洗步驟,所存在的LPS係藉由添加重組因子C來測定,其當被LPS活化時,裂解一化合物而發出螢光。存在於鱟檢測試劑中的因子C一般以酶原存在,且為在LAL測試中發生凝固級聯的引子。
內毒素活性也可藉由評估誘導TNF-α分泌來測量,不論是從體外的初級周邊血單核細胞,或藉由以可疑的內毒素的來源施予至動物,再於約1至4小時後從該動物得到的血漿中測量TNF-α濃度。初級哺乳動物周邊血單核細胞能夠購自諸如Lonza(Allendale,NJ,USA)之公司。細胞懸浮液或血漿中的TNF-α濃度能以ELISA套組來測定,諸如可購自Thermo Scientific(Rockford,IL,USA)、Abcam(Cambridge,MA,USA)或eBioscience(San Diego,CA,USA)。
內毒素活性也能藉由測量在兔子試驗中對靜脈施予有機體或其衍生物產生之反應的致熱性(直腸溫度增加)而在體內被評估。
革蘭氏陰性有機體的內毒素活性及/或致熱性相較於野生型有機體的內毒素活性及/或致熱性可能實質上降低。內毒素活性的實質降低較佳係大於約70%、大於約75%、大於約80%、大於約85%、大於約90%、大於95%及大於約99%。
可使用多種方法降低革蘭氏陰性有機體的內毒素活
性。這些方法包括以連接至LPS或干擾其形成之試劑處理該等有機體,或藉由基因操控該細菌有機體以修飾LPS或抑制LPS形成。
在一實施例中,內毒素活性或致熱性的降低係由以滅活內毒素的抗生素處理細菌有機體來達成。適當的這些抗生素為多黏菌素B或多黏菌素E。例如,Cooperstock et al.,Infect Immun.1981 Jul;33(1):315-8指出多黏菌素B處理可降低革蘭氏陰性細菌疫苗中LPS的發炎反應,該革蘭氏陰性細菌包含百日咳博德氏桿菌、大腸桿菌、流行性感冒桿菌及綠膿桿菌。以在本領域中熟悉此技藝的人決定抗生素的量及處理條件。在一實施例中,多黏菌素(不論多黏菌素B或E)可以每毫升每1x107至5x1010的細菌約3微克至5,000微克來使用。在另一實施例中,多黏菌素的濃度可能為每毫升1x107至5x1010的細菌約200微克至5,000微克。在一實施例中,對該細菌施予10分鐘至4小時或從約30分鐘至約3小時。在一實施例中,該細菌係生長於有MgCl2形式的鎂(Mg)存在之下,並在有MgCl2的存在下以多黏菌素處理,以及適當的溫度以維持細菌的完整性。在一實施例中,在生長培養基的MgCl2濃度係約0.5mM至約5.0mM或約2mM,且處理培養基的MgCl2濃度係約5.0mM至約30mM或約20mM。在一實施例中,處理培養基的溫度係約2℃至約10℃或約4℃。細菌完整性係於3,000×g的離心經10分鐘後藉由有效率的回收一邊界明顯的片狀沉澱物及以電子顯微鏡來測
定。在一較佳實施例中,在處理及清洗後細菌回收率係大於約80%,且細菌在電子顯微鏡下呈現完整。
在另一實施例中,內毒素活性的降低係藉由以已知用以干擾生物合成KDO2-脂質IVA之抗生素處理細菌有機體來達成。例如,Goldman et al.,J Bacteriol.170(5):2185-91,1988所述的抗菌藥劑,包括抗菌藥劑III,其專一性抑制CTP:CMP-3-去氧-D-甘露辛酮醣酸胞苷醯轉移酶活性且其對阻礙3-去氧-D-辛酮醣酸(KDO)併入革蘭氏陰性有機體的LPS中係有用的。由於LPS合成停止,故細菌生長停止。添加KDO至LPS前驅物類脂質IVA為鼠傷寒沙門桿菌及大腸桿菌兩者中脂質A-KDO形成的主要路徑。在一實施例中,抗生素為抗菌藥劑III且革蘭氏陰性細菌被施以適當量,諸如例如每毫升5微克至每毫升500微克經一適當時間,例如2至8小時。
內毒素活性的降低可藉由將基因缺陷導入該有機體中來達成。如本文中使用,術語「缺陷」關於基因或基因表現,表示該基因與正常(野生型)基因不同,或與野生型基因的基因表現相比,其基因表現之表現水平降低。缺陷基因可導因於基因突變或調控該基因的表現的突變。(例如,轉錄或後轉錄)
在一實施例中,內毒素活性的降低可藉由導入干擾KDO2-脂質IVA生物合成的基因缺陷來達成。例如,Woodard等人之美國專利申請案第20100272758號指出活的無毒革蘭氏陰性細菌(例如大腸桿菌)在外膜中實質上
缺乏LPS。此作者描述大腸桿菌K-12菌株KPM22在合成3-去氧-d甘露辛酮醣酸(Kdo)時係有缺陷的。KPM22的外膜(OM)主要由脂質IVA組成,其係缺乏糖基化之LPS前驅物。有機體的活性係藉由將脂質IVA從內膜(IM)傳輸至外膜的第二位點抑制因子的存在而達成。此抑制因子經指出為釋放累積在內膜中的脂質IVA的毒性副作用並提供足夠量的LPS前驅物以支持OM生源。亦參見Mamat等人(Mol Microbiol.67(3):633-48,2008)。
在另一實施例中,Bramhill等人之美國專利申請案第2011-0224097號描述活的革蘭氏陰性細菌包含實質上缺乏配體(諸如脂質A或作為TLR4/MD2促效劑的6-醯基脂多醣)的外膜。根據Bramhill,該細菌可能包含降低活性之阿拉伯糖-5-磷酸異構酶及一或多個抑制因子突變,例如藉此增加運輸蛋白能力以運輸脂質IVA的運輸蛋白或膜蛋白YhjD。一或多個基因(例如IpxL、IpxM、pagP、IpxP及/或eptA)可能實質上被刪除及/或一或多個酶(例如LpxL、LpxM、PagP、LpxP及/或EptA)可能實質上失活。
在另一實施例中,內毒素活性的降低可藉由將防止Kdo生物合成之基因缺陷導入來達成。例如,Rick等人(Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.69(12):3756-60,1972)指出鼠傷寒沙門桿菌的營養缺陷突變為LPS之3-去氧-D-甘露辛酮醣酸(酮去氧辛酸)域之合成缺陷且需要D-阿拉伯糖-5-磷酸以供生長。該突變缺陷是由於經改變的酮
去氧辛酸-8-磷酸合成酶(kdsA)對於D-阿拉伯糖-5-磷酸之表觀K(m)值比親本酶(parental enzyme)之表觀K(m)值高出35倍。此造成突變菌株的生長及完整LPS之合成係依賴外源性D-阿拉伯糖-5-磷酸。在另一實施例中,Belunis等人(J.Biol.Chem.270(46):27646-27652,1995)干擾大腸桿菌中的Kdo轉移酶(kdtA)基因,其防止Kdo併入脂質IVA。此突變為致命的,但能夠藉由編碼kdtA之溫度敏感型質體的條件式存在來挽救。此Kdo合成路徑之條件式突變的建立使得細菌能夠生長,接著轉變為不適合條件,導致足以生長或存活以製造具有顯著降低內毒素活性的非活的細菌。
除了LPS衍生之內毒素,革蘭氏陰性有機體的各種其他成分可誘導或導致致熱性及敗血性休克,包括外膜蛋白、纖毛、菌毛、脂肽及脂蛋白(檢閱Jones,M.,Int.J.Pharm.Compd.,5(4):259-263,2001)。致熱性能藉由涉及在以靜脈給予假定熱原後之直腸溫度評估之本領域詳知之兔子試驗來測得。
如在兔子試驗中所測得,已發現以多黏菌素B及戊二醛之組合處理革蘭氏陰性有機體產生致熱性降低30倍。在一實施例中,如兔子試驗中所測得,每毫升1,000微克(μg/mL)的多黏菌素B及1%戊二醛係用以產生熱性降低30倍。致熱性是由多黏菌素B與LPS反應和戊二醛與LPS及/或其他細菌成分反應的組合而降低。由於戊二醛也殺死細菌,故在此設置中作為雙重角色。因此,在一實
施例中藉由以1,000μg/mL的多黏菌素B及1%戊二醛之組合處理該細菌而殺死革蘭氏陰性細菌微生物而降低內毒素活性及致熱性之方法。在另一實施例中,以介於約3μg/mL至約1,000μg/mL之劑量範圍的多黏菌素B及介於約0.1%至1.0%之劑量範圍的戊二醛之組合處理革蘭氏陰性細菌。在進一步實施例中,多黏菌素B的劑量範圍是介於約100μg/mL至約1,000μg/mL且戊二醛的劑量範圍是介於約0.5%至約1.0%。此外,革蘭氏陰性細菌可能例如被處理以介於約1,000μg/mL至約3,000μg/mL劑量範圍的多黏菌素B及介於約0.5%至約1.0%劑量範圍的戊二醛。在另一態樣中,革蘭氏陰性細菌可能例如被處理以介於約3,000μg/mL至約5,000μg/mL劑量範圍的多黏菌素B及介於約0.5%至約2.0%劑量範圍的戊二醛。在一實施例中,內毒素活性係降低約70%、或約75%、或約80%、或約85%、或約90%、或約92%,而致熱性係降低約75%、或約80%、或約85%、或約90%、或約95%、或約97%。
根據本揭示之方法所施予之細菌係呈現非活的或實質上非活的,不論是在施予之前或是在施予時變成如此。所謂「非活的」所指的是該有機體藉由以外源性藥劑處理而殺死,及/或含有導致有機體無法存活在哺乳動物宿主中之突變。實質上非活的細菌為具有其活性降低至少80%、
85%、90%、95%、99%或更多之菌株。在較佳實施例中,未殺死或未完全殺死之細菌係進一步處理或修飾使得其無法在哺乳動物宿主內增生。在實質上未產生LPS的一些實施例中,其視為非活的、減毒的或活的細菌予以施予。
較佳使細菌呈現非活的的方法係以結合至LPS之化合物處理,藉此阻礙其內毒素活性或以干擾LPS生物合成之化合物處理。在LPS結合及干擾LPS合成兩種情況中,由於細胞包膜之通透性而導致活性下降。另一方法係以LPS生物合成路徑之條件式突變來培養細菌菌株,在生長期間LPS生物合成路徑被抑制,且接著轉變為活化突變且破壞LPS生物合成之不適合條件。在每一例中,該應用之程序為使細菌呈現非活的之程序,藉由以最佳處理時間或化合物劑量之每個設置中決定,使得已經實質上失去存活力而保留顯著細菌細胞的完整性。在無存活力係小於100%的情況下,可使用含有防止活的細菌在哺乳動物宿主中進一步增生之突變的細菌(例如,二胺庚二酸營養缺陷型,如Bukhari and Taylor,J.Bacteriol.105(3):844-854,1971及Curtiss et al.,Immunol.Invest.18(1-4):583-596,1989中所描述)。
若使細菌呈現非活的的替代或額外方法是有需要的,則用於殺死細菌的較佳的方法係游離輻射(伽瑪射線或電子束),但也能以其他標準滅菌方法來完成,諸如潮溼或乾熱滅菌、滅菌氣體或蒸氣(參見如Shintani et al.,Biocontrol Science,16(3):85-94,2011)。可使用額外
的最終滅菌的非標準方法包括化學處理(諸如化學滅菌劑),由Rutala和Weber(Emerg.Infect.Dis.7(2):348-353,2001)及Yaman(Curr.Opin.Drug Discov.Develop.4(6):760-763,2001)總結整理。化學氣體、蒸氣及液體滅菌劑的實例包括環氧乙烷氣體(EOG)、二氧化氯、液體過氧化氫的氣態相(VHP)、甲醛、戊二醛(例如,0.05%歷經10分鐘)、鄰-苯二甲酸(OPA)(例如0.1%歷經5分鐘)以及苯酚。殺菌的方法可能影響該有機體的完整性。例如,相對於使用輻射,添加熱可能破壞細菌的完整性。參考本文中所使用之細菌有機體,包括完整有機體及部分降解形式之有機體可在當有機體被殺死後出現,但不含括具有成為獨立於其他細胞組成物之有機體的亞細胞部分,諸如細胞壁部分(製備)或細胞壁骨架(參見如美國專利第4,436,727號)、細胞質部分等等。
在一實施例中,提供包含非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌有機體及藥學上可接受之賦形劑的組成物,該有機體具有實質降低之內毒素及/或致熱活性。在另一實施例中,至少約80%的有機體為非活的,或至少約90%的有機體為非活的,或約100%的有機體為非活的。在一實施例中,該有機體之存活力係降低約80%、或約85%、或約90%、或約95%、或約100%。
在一實施例中,該內毒素及/或致熱活性係降低約70%、或約75%、或約80%、或約85%、或約90%、或約95%。該組成物可含有任何預期量之非活的或存活力降低之有機體與任何預期的降低之內毒素或致熱毒性的組合。在另一實施例中,該組成物包含至少100%非活的有機體,具有至少係降低約95%的內毒素活性及致熱性。
本文所述之組成物可以各種方式配製以用於本文所述之方法中。在一實施例中,該組成物包含各處所述之有機體及藥學上可接受之載體。
「藥學上可接受之載體」意指可用於組成物之任何稀釋劑、賦形劑或載體。藥學上可接受之載體包括離子交換劑、礬土、硬脂酸鋁、卵磷脂、血清蛋白(諸如人類血清白蛋白)、緩衝劑物質(諸如磷酸鹽)、甘胺酸、山梨酸、山梨酸鉀、飽合植物性脂肪酸之部分甘油脂混合物、水、鹽類或電解質(諸如硫酸魚精蛋白)、磷酸氫二鈉、磷酸氫二鉀、氯化鈉、鋅鹽、膠體二氧化矽、三矽酸鎂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、以纖維素為基之物質、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸酯、蠟、聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物、聚乙二醇及羊毛酯。適合的藥物載體如本領域中標準參考文本,Mack出版公司之Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences所描述。該等係相對於意欲給藥的形式而選擇,即,口服片劑、膠囊、酏劑、糖漿等等,並與習知藥物之使用一致。
藥物組成物可藉由本領域中已詳知之方法製造,諸如
微生物生長於醛原中,接著藉由離心、過濾或透析、傳統製粒、混合、溶解、封裝、凍乾或乳化製程諸如此類來濃縮並清洗。組成物可以各種形式製造,包括顆粒、沉澱物或微粒,粉末包括冷凍乾燥、迴轉烘乾或噴霧乾燥粉末、非晶質粉末、注射劑、乳劑、酏劑、懸浮液或溶液。配方可隨意含有穩定劑、pH調節劑、界面活性劑、生物可用度調節劑及該等之組合。
藥物組成物可使用滅菌液體,諸如油、水、醇及其組合被製備為液體懸浮液或溶液。可加入藥物上適合之界面活性劑、懸浮劑或乳化劑以供口服或腸外給藥。懸浮液可包括油,諸如花生油、芝麻油、棉花籽油、玉米油及橄欖油。懸浮液製劑也可包含脂肪酸的酯,諸如油酸乙酯、肉荳蔻酸異丙酯、脂肪酸甘油酯和乙醯化脂肪酸甘油酯。懸浮液配方可包括醇,諸如乙醇、異丙醇、十六醇、甘油及丙二醇。亦可被用於懸浮液配方的有醚,諸如聚(乙二醇)、石油烴,諸如礦物油和石油,及水。
該組成物被配製以用於施藥給哺乳動物,較佳為人類。本發明的此種藥物組成物可以各種方法施予,包括腸外給藥。本文所使用之術語「腸外」包括皮下、靜脈、肌肉內、關節內、滑膜內、胸骨內、鞘內、肝內、病灶內及顱內注射或灌注技術。
滅菌可注射形式的組成物可為水性或油性懸浮液。這些懸浮液可根據本領域已知之技術使用適當分散劑或潤濕劑及懸浮劑來配製。滅菌可注射製劑亦可為無毒的腸胃可
接受之稀釋劑或溶劑中之滅菌可注射溶液或懸浮液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。在可接受之媒介物及溶劑之間,可採用水、林格氏溶液及等滲氯化鈉溶液。此外,滅菌、非揮發性油通常用來作為溶劑或懸浮媒介。為此目的,任何溫和的非揮發性油可被採用,包含合成單-或二酸甘油脂。脂肪酸,諸如油酸及其甘油脂衍生物係有用於可注射劑之製備,如同天然的藥學可接受油,諸如橄欖油或蓖麻油,特別是經聚氧乙醯化之版本。這些油溶液或懸浮液也可含有長鏈醇稀釋劑或分散劑,諸如羧甲基纖維素或類似懸浮劑,其通常用於配製包含乳化劑及懸浮劑之藥學上可接受劑量型式。其他一般使用之界面活性劑,諸如Tween、Span及其他乳化藥劑或生物可用度增強劑,其通常用於製備藥學可接受之固態、液態或其他也可用於配製的目的之劑量型式。組成物可被配製以藉由注射來腸胃外給藥,諸如以大劑量注射或連續灌注。
適用於由本文中之方法治療之癌症包括一般惡性腫瘤、白血病或淋巴瘤及肉瘤。惡性腫瘤可能為肛門、膽道、膀胱、乳房、結腸、直腸、肺、口咽、下咽部、食道、胃、胰、肝、腎、膽囊及膽管、小腸、尿道、女性生殖道、男性生殖道、內分泌腺、胸腺及皮膚的惡性腫瘤。其他適用的癌症包括類癌腫瘤、胃腸道間質腫瘤、頭頸部腫瘤、不明原發性腫瘤、血管瘤、黑色素瘤、惡性間皮
瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、大腦、神經、眼和腦膜的腫瘤。
在一些實施例中,待治療的癌症形成實體腫瘤,諸如惡性腫瘤、肉瘤、黑色素瘤及淋巴瘤。
如本文所描述之癌症療法係由施予一份量之革蘭氏陰性(如所適合之活或死的)有機體,其足以抑制癌症的生長或轉移。如本文中所使用,片語「足夠量」意指足夠對其接受著產生有益的影響之劑量(或系列劑量)。針對任何特定對象的特定治療有效劑量濃度取決於包括待治療的癌症之類型、癌症的嚴重性、特定有機體或經結合的組成物的活性、施予途徑、有機體或經結合的組成物的清除率、治療持續時間、與有機體合併使用之藥物(如果有)、年齡、體重、性別、飲食、及對象之一般健康狀況及在醫療領域和科學中所詳知之類似因素等等的各種因素。考慮到決定「治療有效量」的各種一般考量在本領域中技術人員為已知,且例如在Gilman et al.,eds.,Goodman And Gilman's:The Pharmacological Bases of Therapeutics,8th ed.,Pergamon Press,1990及Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th ed.,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pa.,1990中所描述。化合物的劑量濃度通常落入約0.001起至100mg/kg/day的範圍內,而約0.05起至10mg/kg/day的範圍內的濃度係一般可使用的。用於經施予有機體的劑量濃度通常落入每平方公尺約106至1012的範圍內。一組成物可經腸胃外施予,諸如血管內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、口服等等。
細菌有機體可經腸胃外施予,諸如血管內、靜脈內、動脈內、肌肉內、皮下、腹腔內或膀胱內。
治療有效劑量可由本領域中詳知之方法來估計。癌症動物模式諸如患有小鼠腫瘤的免疫活性小鼠或患有人類腫瘤異種移植之免疫缺乏小鼠(例如,裸鼠)在本領域中已詳知並廣泛地描述於併入於本文中作為參考的許多參考文獻中。此種資訊係用以與大鼠、狗及/或非人類靈長動物的安全性研究,以確定在人類中之安全及可能有用之初始劑量。用於估計有機體的劑量之額外資訊從實際人類癌症中之研究得到。例如,Toso等人(J Clin Oncol.20(1):142-52,2002)指出在I期臨床試驗中活VNP20009係施予至患有轉移素黑色素瘤的病患。病患接受106至109cfu/m2的VNP20009之30分鐘靜脈推注輸液。最大耐受劑量為3×108cfu/m2。在病患中接受1×109cfu/m2來觀察劑量限制毒性,其包含血小板減少症、貧血症、持續菌血症、高膽紅素血症、腹瀉、嘔吐、噁心、鹼性磷酸酶升高及低血磷症。
有機體可如藥學上可接受之配方予以施予。術語「藥學上可接受」表示材料其係非生物性的或在其他方面不期望的,即,該材料可隨著經選定之有機體或經結合之化合物被施予至個體,而不造成任何不期望的生物效應,或以有害的方式與任何其他施予之藥劑交互作用。此係如上文中充分的描述。
如本文中所使用,術語「治療」一對象之病症或疾病
係意欲包括治癒,以及改善病症或疾病之至少一種症狀。癌症病患係被治療,若病患的癌症被治癒,癌症進入緩解期,以統計學顯著的方式延長了存活率,以統計學顯著的方式增加腫瘤進展的時間,基於建立每種類型的淋巴細胞或造血系統的惡性腫瘤之標準準則,或如由實體腫瘤中的反應評估準則所定義之實體腫瘤負擔已降低,淋巴或造血腫瘤之負擔降低(RECIST 1.0或RECIST 1.1,Therasse et al.J Natl.Cancer Inst.92(3):205-216,2000及Eisenhauer et al.Eur.J.Cancer 45:228-247,2009)。如本文中所使用,「緩解期」意指先前證實有癌症之病患中癌細胞生長不復存在。因此,在緩解期中的癌症病患其癌症被治癒,或癌症仍存在但無法輕易測得。因此,當腫瘤無法增大或轉移,癌症可能在緩解期中。如本文中的完全緩解為如由診斷方式(諸如,x射線、MRI、CT及PET、或血球或骨髓活檢)所指示為疾病不復存在。當癌症病患進入緩解期,接下來可能伴隨其癌症再次出現的復發。
術語「實質上」除非另有說明,係指大於約80%、大於約90%、大於約95%及大於約99%。
本文所描述之癌症療法的方法可使用革蘭氏陰性有機體與一或多種受體或配體的拮抗劑一併施予,該拮抗劑負向調節宿主免疫反應。拮抗劑可指PD-1、PD-L1或CTLA-4且一般係經靜脈施予,例如每1至4週以每公斤
約0.03毫克至每公斤約30毫克的劑量範圍。
程序性細胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)係在人類中由PDCD1基因所編碼的蛋白質。PD-1又稱為CD279(分化群279)。PD-1為268個胺基酸的I型膜蛋白。PD-1為T細胞調節劑的延伸CD28/CTLA-4家族之成員。參見如Ishida et al.,EMBO J.11(11):3887-95,1992。該蛋白含有細胞外IgV域,其次是穿膜蛋白區及細胞內尾端。在以酪胺酸為基之抑制模體的免疫受體及以酪胺酸為基之轉換模體的免疫受體內細胞內尾端含有兩個磷酸化位點。其認為PD-1負向調控TCR傳訊。PD-1表現於活化T細胞、B細胞及巨噬細胞的表面上。PD-1為免疫反應的通用負向調節劑。
PD-1具有兩個配體,PD-L1及PD-L2,其為B7家族的成員。參見如Freeman et al.,J.Exp.Med.192(7):1027-34,2000及Latchman et al.,Nat.Immunol.2(3):261-8,2001。PD-L1為40kDa之第1型穿膜蛋白,其已經報導在懷孕、組織移植、自身免疫疾病及肝炎期間抑制免疫系統中扮演主要角色。在反應於LPS及GM-CSF處理,向上調控巨噬細胞及樹狀細胞(DC)上的PD-L1蛋白,而T細胞及B細胞上的PD-L1蛋白之向上調控取決於TCR及B細胞受體傳訊。PD-1受體/PD-L1配體複合物之形成將傳送抑制訊號,其在淋巴節處降低CD8+ T細胞(在免疫反應期間)的增生,且PD-1亦可透過細胞凋亡控制外源抗原特異性T細胞在淋巴節中之累
積。PD-L2表現更受限制,且主要由樹狀細胞及一些腫瘤株表現。
CTLA-4(細胞毒性T淋巴細胞抗原4),亦已知為CD152(分化群152),為向下調控免疫系統的蛋白質受體。CTLA-4為表現於輔助、作用性及免疫調節T細胞的表面上,使得細胞免疫攻擊抗原。T細胞能夠藉由刺激CD28受體而啟動,或藉由刺激CTLA-4受體而關閉。如同T細胞的共刺激蛋白CD28,CTLA-4與抗原表現細胞上的CD80及CD86(亦分別稱為B7-1及B7-2)結合。T細胞經由T細胞受體及CD28而活化,導致CTLA-4的表現增加,其為針對B7分子的抑制性受體。
增強或延長T細胞活化已藉由針對CTLA-4及PD-1的單株抗體(mAbs)來達成。易普利姆瑪(ipilimumab)及曲美母單抗(tremelimumab)為抑制CTLA-4的單株抗體,且已顯示誘導或增強抗腫瘤免疫反應,導致持久的抗腫瘤效應。易普利姆瑪(亦已知為MDX-010或MDX-101)以Yervoy的名字在美國上市,由Bristol Myers Squibb販賣以供治療不能切除的或者轉移的惡性黑色素瘤。BMS-936558(MDX-1106)為針對PD-1的單株抗體,並在人類臨床試驗中展現顯著抗腫瘤活性。參見如Brahmer et al.,J.Clin.Oncol.,28(19):3167-3175,2010,Brahmer et al.,N.Engl.J.Med.,366(26):2455-2465,2012及Lipson et al.,Clin.Can.Res.19(2):462-468,2013。
CTLA-4的抑制亦可藉由以CTLA-4及免疫球蛋白(Ig)重鏈的Fc製成的融合蛋白(CTLA4Ig)來實現。參見如Park et al.,Pharm Res.20(8):1239-48,2003。
在腫瘤微環境中免疫反應的額外重要負向調節劑為訊號轉導及轉錄激活因子(STAT)訊號反應轉錄因子STAT3。此因子的活性在腫瘤及相關免疫細胞中提升。腫瘤細胞中的STAT3活性有助於增強存活、增生、侵入及轉移,以及血管生成的刺激。在免疫細胞中提升的STAT3活性使得免疫細胞累積及活化於腫瘤微環境內,諸如Treg、TH17及髓源抑制細胞。參見如檢閱Rébé等人(JAK-STAT 2(1):e23010-1-10,2013)。廣泛使用的第2型糖尿病藥物二甲雙胍及苯乙雙胍已顯示具有抗腫瘤活性且該機制被認為包括抑制STAT3活性,導致抗腫瘤免疫抑制降低。參見如檢閱Deng等人(Cell Cycle 11(2):367-376,2012)、Hirsch等人(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.,USA 110(3):972-977,2013)、Appleyard等人(British J Cancer 106:1117-1122,2012)、Jiralerspong等人(J Clin Oncol.27(20):3297-3302,2009)及Del Barco等人(Oncotarget 2(12):896-917,2011)。如本文中所描述的癌症療法的方法可利用革蘭氏陰性有機體與STAT3表現或活性抑制劑一起施予。此種抑制劑可包括二甲雙胍及苯乙雙胍。二甲雙胍可例如以通常每天1至3次施予約50毫克至約1,000毫克之間的劑量範圍。苯乙雙胍一般以每天1至2次施予約20毫克至約800毫克之間
的劑量範圍。
如本文中所描述的癌症療法的方法亦可利用革蘭氏陰性有機體與正向調控宿主免疫反應之受體或配體的一或多種促效劑一起施予。促效劑指4-1BB(CD137)、GITR、CD40或OX40(CD134)能以每1至4週靜脈施予例如每公斤約0.03毫克至每公斤約30毫克的劑量範圍。
糖皮質素誘導腫瘤壞死因子受體(TNFR)相關蛋白(GITR)、4-1BB(CD137)、CD40及OX40(CD134)為共刺激TNFR家族成員,其表現於調節及作用性T細胞上,以及免疫系統的其他細胞上。這些蛋白的活化導致免疫功能的刺激或增強。在臨床前模型中針對每一已展現抗腫瘤活性且已進入臨床開發的該等蛋白來活化單株抗體。參見如Melero et al.,Clin.Cancer Res.15(5):1507-1509,2009、Garber,JNCI 103(14):1079-1082,2011、Khong et al.,Int.Rev.Immunol.31(4):246-266,2012、Vinay and Kwon,Mol.Cancer Ther.11(5):1062-1070,2012、Snell et al.,Immunol.Rev.244(1):197-217,2011及So et al.,Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.19(3-4):253-262,2008。
如本文中所描述的癌症療法的方法亦可利用革蘭氏陰性有機體與一或多種化療藥劑一起施予。此種藥劑可包括環磷醯胺。其設想為當環磷醯胺被用於本文中所述之方法中時,其可以靜脈或口服每天或每21天施予5mg/m2至750mg/m2之間的劑量。或者,環磷醯胺可以節律性飲食
療法施予例如每天口服5mg至100mg之間的劑量。參見如Jia et al.,Int.J.Cancer 121(3):666-674,2007。
抗腫瘤免疫反應的刺激已由各種細胞激素證實。參見如Smyth et al.,Immunological Rev.202:275-293,2004及Kim-Schulze,Surg.Oncol.Clin N.Am.16:793-818,2007以供檢閱。如本文中所描述的癌症療法的方法亦可利用革蘭氏陰性有機體與重組表現的或獨立並純化的細胞激素一起施予,諸如干擾素-α、干擾素-β、干擾素-γ、顆粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子、介白素-2及介白素-12。
如本文中所描述的癌症療法的方法亦可利用革蘭氏陰性有機體與重組表現的或獨立並純化的干擾素-α一起施予。干擾素-α可經皮下、肌肉內或靜脈以每週1、3、5或7次施予約3×105至約3×108IU之間的劑量範圍。在另一實施例中,革蘭氏陰性細菌可能與干擾素-β一起施予。在特定實施例中,干擾素-β可經皮下或靜脈以每週或每隔一天施予一次約0.01毫克至約5毫克之間的劑量範圍。干擾素-γ也可被一起施予。在一實施例中,干擾素-γ可經皮下或靜脈以每隔一天或每天施予約1×105IU至約1×109IU之間的劑量範圍。
在額外方法中,介白素(例如,介白素-2及介白素-12)可被一起施予。在一實施例中,介白素結合革蘭氏陰性細菌以每週一次或高達一天三次靜脈施予約1×104至約1×107IU之間的劑量。額外的方法包括施予革蘭氏陰性細菌,例如以顆粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子,一般經皮
下、皮內或靜脈以每天或每月施予約5微克至約5毫克的劑量範圍。在本篇所記述的結合處理的任一者,有機體可考慮在額外癌症處理之前或之後施予。其亦可同時施予。
後續實施例作為說明本揭示。該些實施例不意欲限制本揭示之範圍。
針對脂多醣相關內毒素活性的失活及由多黏菌素B殺死的細菌細胞而不喪失細胞完整性之最佳條件係由在含有1-100μg/mL的多黏菌素B的磷酸鹽緩衝液(PBS)中於37℃培養濃縮對數生長期後期細菌(每mL 109至1011)經2分鐘及6小時之間之各種不同時間的每一細菌菌株來測定。藉由連續稀釋生長兼容洋菜平板培養上的控制組及處理組細菌懸浮液來測定存活力,接著培養過夜並計算菌落。細胞完整性由可見(顯微鏡)檢驗及於600nm的吸光度分析來測定。內毒素活性藉由鱟檢測試劑(LAL)試驗來測定。可溶性或多餘的多黏菌素及細胞碎屑(包括可溶性內毒素)可藉由以0.9% NaCl(生理食鹽水)離心介導清洗來移除。
另外,以由條件突變造成的有缺陷的LPS來分離完整、非活的細菌的最佳條件,係由所述之多黏菌素處理來測定,不同的是細菌於不適當條件下生長於LB(潛溶型培養液)培養基中,並在各種不同時間移出,接著分析並進行所述之多黏菌素處理。
經多黏菌素處理的細菌,或經生理食鹽水清洗對數生長期後期LPS突變/缺陷的細菌係使用海藻糖作為低溫保護劑來進行冷凍乾燥(參見例如Leslie et al.,App.Environment.Microbiol.61(10):3592-3597,1995;Gu et al.,J.Biotech.88:95-105,2001及American Type Culture Collection Bacterial Culture Guide)。如果需要,藉由在足以降低存活力至0%而不喪失細菌完整性的劑量以電離輻射處理而進一步降低細菌存活力。
冷凍乾燥的細菌在用於抗腫瘤研究之前,在滅菌水中再懸浮。PBS清洗小鼠腫瘤細胞(B16及B16F10黑色素瘤、CT-26大腸癌、Panc02胰腺癌或Lewis肺腺癌(105-107細胞,取決於細胞株))係皮下植入經剃毛的C57BL/6小鼠的背部。小鼠為隨機,並且當腫瘤一旦能被觸診、當腫瘤達到平均75mm3的體積、或當腫瘤達到平均300mm3的體積時時開始治療(如由卡尺測量來估計)。經再懸浮的細菌以每0.1-0.2mL的注射體積103至1010範圍的單一劑量經由尾靜脈注射或腹腔(i.p.)注射每週一至二次。針對T細胞受體的抗體拮抗劑或促效劑係經i.p.以每週一次至兩次施予3-100微克之單一劑量。環磷醯胺經i.p.以每隔一天施予高達150mg/kg共5天(MTD給藥)或於飲用水中每天25mg/kg(規律性給藥)。小鼠每週稱重兩次並記錄臨床觀察。每週兩次進行腫瘤測量(藉由卡尺),且若/當腫瘤達到1,000mm3時、變成壞死或若觀察到15%重量損失,小鼠被人道犧牲。
腫瘤被移出並且稱重,以犧牲小鼠進行最小屍檢。若長期腫瘤消退或觀察到治癒時,小鼠可以再嘗試植入腫瘤細胞。
在實施例2中,施予大腸桿菌菌株2617-143-312(Migula)Castellani及Chalmers(ATCC® 13070TM)。此無毒害的革蘭氏陰性細菌需要外源性二胺庚二酸(DAP)以供生長。然而哺乳動物不製造DAP,此細菌菌株係非活的且無法感染哺乳動物。此外,在體外研究期間DAP營養缺陷可被用以監視污染。細菌係在具有2mM MgCl2、0.5%葡萄糖及1mM於37℃下以300rpm恆定搖動的DAP之LB Miller培養液中生長至對數生長期後期(基於O.D.600)。該培養物藉由2,000×g離心15分鐘來清洗三次並在含有20mM MgCl2、0.5%葡萄糖及0.1mM DAP(PMB處理培養基)於4℃ LB Miller培養液中再懸浮。基於1 O.D.600等同於每mL有1.12x109的細菌,最終再懸浮係每mL由2x1010的細菌製成。培養物的各等分係經不具有或具有各種濃度的多黏菌素B(PMB)(Calbiochem #5291)於4℃下恆定搖動培養1小時。細菌接著以4℃新鮮PMB處理培養基以3,000×g離心10分鐘清洗三次,並以每mL含2x109細菌再懸浮。細菌回收效率係由O.D.600來監測。對於所有以高達300μg/mL PMB處理的樣本在PMB處理及清洗後細菌回收率高於
90%,且以1,000μg/mL PMB處理則超過80%。
在圖1中,內毒素活性係藉由以鱟檢測試劑(LAL)Endosafe Endochrome-K動力試驗套組(Charles River Endosafe,Charleston,SC)分析未經處理及經處理的細菌培養物的連續稀釋液。未經處理培養物每1x106細菌一般含有將近50-100內毒素單元。於四個獨立實驗(平均=17%未經處理)中以1,000μg/mL PMB處理,觀察到類似的內毒素降低。
在圖2中,細菌存活力藉由連續地稀釋並將每個樣本種至含有2mM MgCl2、0.5%葡萄糖、具有或不具有1mM DAP(用以分別監測存活力及污染)的LB Miller洋菜平板培養來測定。平板於37℃下培養隔夜,測定每一平板上的菌落數,並接著藉由稀釋因數乘上每一平板上的菌落數來計算存活力。每一懸浮液中的細菌總數係將由每1 O.D.600的1.12x109細菌/mL的轉換因子乘上O.D.600來計算。存活力(%活細菌)係相對於細菌總數的活的細菌/mL百分比來計算。以1,000μg/mL PMB處理使細菌存活力降低至0%。在隨後的大規模實驗中,在四次獨立實驗中1,000μg PMB使存活力降低至平均11%。
除了處理前清洗、戊二醛(GA)處理及處理後清洗係在pH7.5下以含有20mM MgCl2的磷酸鹽緩衝液(PBS;無Mg及Ca)來進行,試驗係如實施例2所述來
進行。在GA處理後所有經測試濃度之細菌回收率一般為80-100%。圖3顯示以1%GA處理降低內毒素活性96%。相對於未經處理之培養,以1% GA處理的2公升大規模實驗產生82%的內毒素活性降低。
以高於0.05%的劑量之GA處理總是造成100%殺菌效果,如圖4所顯示。
以1,000μg/mL PMB處理後使用2公升的對數生長期後期培養物的1% GA處理之組合,產生相對於未經處理之培養物(表1)具有0%存活力且內毒素活性降低92%(12倍)的細菌。
在實施例4中,細菌生長並以1,000μg/mL PMB、1% GA或兩者來處理,如實施例2及3之規程中所描述。樣本以pH 7.5、含有1%GA(若先前未暴露至GA)的PBS稀釋並固定10分鐘。含有細菌的25微升之滴液被置放於封口膜上且接著以100網目聚乙醯醇酸甲醛+碳EM網格(EMS,Hatfield,PA)覆蓋,其係預先塗上0.1%聚-L-離胺酸。樣本係可附著10分鐘,且接著藉由置放200微升水滴液來簡要的清洗該網格三次。該網格藉由放置在含有2%乙酸氧鈾的水中100微升滴液負染色1分鐘。以3M濾紙沾掉多餘的染劑,接著空氣乾燥。使用配備有底座安裝Eagle 4k(1600萬畫素)數位相機(放大倍率1,200x及11,000x)的FEI Tecnai Spirit G2 BioTWIN穿透式電子顯
微鏡使樣本可見。圖5B、5C及5D的影像證實根據本方法進行PMB及/或GA處理而留下完整的細菌,其為所期望的結果。在未經處理的細菌(圖5A)上可見到(模糊表面)多醣莢膜,但在所有經處理的細菌(圖5B、5C及5D)中則顯示被移除或纏結在一塊。
對於實施例5,大腸桿菌生長並以1,000μg/mL PMB加1%GA處理,且存活力及內毒素濃度如實施例2及3所述來測定。在最終清洗後,未經處理及經PMB+GA處理之細菌於pH 7.5、0.5mM MgCl2、12%海藻糖的50%PBS中再懸浮成每mL有1.1x1011的細菌之濃度,分裝,急速冷凍並且儲存於-80℃。如美國藥典第151章中所述,致熱性臨界值本質上已確定。使用重量至少2.0kg成年雌性紐西蘭白兔。所有的動物在熱原檢測前以假檢測調節不超過7天,劑量範圍研究以每劑量一隻兔子來進行,且這些結果隨後以每劑量兩隻兔子來確認。細菌以滅菌生理食鹽水稀釋以供注射。所有劑量以10mL之體積經由靜脈途徑遞送。施予試驗試劑的三個小時內,在任何時間點產生溫度增加0.5-1.0℃試驗試劑的最低濃度被視為表現致熱性的臨界值。於基線處記錄直腸溫度且在1及3小時之間的30分鐘區間接著注射試驗試劑。用於儲存未經處理及經處理的大腸桿菌的生理食鹽水稀釋媒介已顯示為非致熱的。將3x104個未經處理的細菌施予至兩隻兔子以產生溫
度增加0.8及1.0℃。施予3x105個經PMB+GA處理的細菌,並不產生超過0.1℃的溫度增加,但將9x105個經PMB+GA處理的細菌施予至兩隻兔子以產生0.7及1.0℃的溫度增加,證實了致熱性臨界值有30倍的差異。其可能是PMB只中和脂多醣介導之致熱活性。然而,GA可中和由脂多醣以及由細菌的其他成分所介導的致熱性。
表1顯示針對未經處理細菌,及經1,000μg/mL PMB與1% GA兩者處理之細菌之致熱性(發熱反應)臨界值,如藉由標準體內兔子試驗來測量。該結果與由體外LAL試驗測定之內毒素濃度比較,顯示了相較於未經處理的細菌雖然PMB+GA處理降低內毒素濃度12倍,但藉由相同樣本所介導的致熱性則降低30倍。
在實施例6中,大腸桿菌生長並以1,000μg/mL多黏菌素B加1% GA處理,如實施例2及3之規程中所描述。未經處理及經處理的細菌之冷凍庫存於37℃下快速解凍,並以滅菌生理食鹽水稀釋至少10倍以供注射(靜脈注射劑量3x109個細菌),或以3,000×g離心10分鐘
並以滅菌生理食鹽水再懸浮以供注射(靜脈注射劑量5x109)。細菌或媒介物經由尾靜脈以100微升的體積靜脈注射。
使用八週大的C57BL/6或BALB/c雌性小鼠並在研究前馴化至少7天。每天進行一或二次的死亡率及臨床觀察。在注射時及注射後1-4小時進行額外的觀察。確認媒介物為缺乏毒性的。籠側觀察包括,但不限於下列情況:
皮膚、皮毛、眼腈、黏膜、步態、姿勢以及對處理分泌物/排泄物出現時的反應或其他自主活動之表達,諸如流淚、豎毛、不尋常的呼吸模式;癲癇發作;一般警覺的改變;刻板行為,諸如過度梳理反覆盤旋;不尋常行為(自殘);腫塊/突塊的發育(腫瘤、膿腫等);壓力及/或呼吸系統癥狀之發展;注射位置的刺激及發炎跡象之觀察;食物及水和排尿及排便的改變。
多劑量的細菌施予研究係每週進行兩次,共兩週(4次處理)。毒性評估包括監測動物體重。用於反映以1x109個經PMB+GA處理之細菌的多劑量研究之小鼠係患有腫瘤的。在表2中所反映的所有其他小鼠係不患有腫瘤的。
在實施例7中,如實施例2及3之規程中所描述製備經1,000μg/mL PMB+1% GA處理的細菌(DB103)。將八週大雌性C57BL/6J小鼠的注射位置剃毛,並以2x105 B16F10小鼠黑色素瘤細胞(ATCC CRL-6475)皮下注射於右側。處理開始於由尾靜脈靜脈注射3天後,並且接著每週兩次共5次處理。DB103於50% PBS中、pH 7.5、0.5mM MgCl2,12%海藻糖在每mL有1.1x1011之濃度係以滅菌生理食鹽水稀釋11倍(1x109的劑量)或220倍(5x107的劑量)並以最終體積100微升來進行注射。該庫存媒介物係稀釋11倍以用於媒介物控制處理組。每週
以卡尺測量腫瘤兩次,且使用公式(長度x寬度2)/2來測定腫瘤體積。沒有觀察到化合物相關的死亡。除了以1x109 DB103處理的兩隻動物之外,所有動物發育出腫瘤。觀察到體重在短時間損失高達3%(低劑量組)及7%(高劑量組),但在最後一次處理(圖6)復原。
對於實施例8,如實施例2及3之規程中所描述製備大腸桿菌(未經處理與經1% GA處理)。除了處理於第11天(當腫瘤一旦可觸摸到時)開始之外,本實驗如實施例7之規程中所描述來進行。因為每一該等組別中的動物子集因為腫瘤負擔而安樂死,大部分組別的組別測量在第24天後並沒記錄。在1x109 GA組別中的最大體重損失為11%。施予1x109未經處理的大腸桿菌的毒性被排除(參見表2)。
在實施例9中,如實施例2及3之規程中所描述製備經1,000μg PMB+1% GA處理的細菌(DB103)。除了1x105個小鼠CT26大腸癌細胞經皮下注射於BALB/c小鼠的右側之外,本實驗如實施例7之規程中所描述來進行。DB103處理開始於由尾靜脈靜脈注射3天後,並且接著每週兩次共6次處理。於第3天開始,經由不斷地飲水施予環磷醯胺(LKT Laboratories,#C9606),約20
mg/kg/day(0.133mg/mL於水中)。於第3、6、9天,將溶於200微升PBS中的100μg抗小鼠CTLA-4抗體(BioXcell #BE0164)施予腹腔注射。每天記錄臨床觀察及死亡率。每週以卡尺測量腫瘤兩次,且使用公式(長度x寬度2)/2來測定腫瘤體積。在媒介物組別中所有小鼠皆形成腫瘤。在任一組別中沒有觀察到體重喪失且無化合物相關之死亡。對於媒介物之資料,低劑量與高劑量DB103組別與圖8A及8B中相同。
在本說明書中提及之所有專利與發表係指示對本揭示相關之該等本領域中一般技術人員之水準。本文中所有專利與發表藉由引用相同範圍來結合,如同每個個別的發表係具體地且單獨地指明以藉由引用來併入。
本文中適當地說明性描述本揭示,可實施本文中未具體公開之不存在任何元素或多個元素、限制或多個限制。因此,例如,在本文各個例子中,術語「包括」、「基本上由…組成」及「由…組成」之任一者可由其他兩者用詞之一所取代。所採用的術語及表達為用作描述而不是限制,且在使用此術語及表達時沒有意圖排除任何所顯示及描述的特徵之等同物或其部份,但可知道的是在本申請專利範圍的範圍內,各種不同的修改是可能的。因此,應了解雖然已由較佳實施例及隨意特徵具體描述本揭示,仍可藉由本領域技術人員復原本文中揭示之修改及各種不同的概念,且如由隨附之申請專利範圍所定義,該些修改及變化被視為在此揭示之範圍內。其餘實施例如下列申請專利
範圍內所闡述。
Claims (18)
- 一種醫藥組成物,其包含完整且實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞及藥學上可接受之賦形劑,其中與對應之野生型革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞相比較,該完整且實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞具有脂多醣(LPS)介導之內毒素活性降低至少80%,且其中藉由於2℃至10℃之溫度下3μg至5000μg多黏菌素/1×107至5×1010個活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞/ml和濃度為0.05%至2.0%之戊二醛處理活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞以製備該完整且實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該細胞之至少約80%為非活的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該細胞之至少約90%為非活的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之組成物,其中該細胞之約100%為非活的。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該內毒素活性降低約85%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞之致熱性降低約95%。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞為沙門桿菌屬(Salmonella)或大腸桿菌屬(Escherichia)細胞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該多黏菌素為多黏菌素B或多黏菌素E。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該戊二醛處理係於該多黏菌素處理之後。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該多黏菌素處理係於約4℃之溫度下。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之組成物,其中該多黏菌素處理係於氯化鎂之存在下。
- 如申請專利範圍第10項之組成物,其中該多黏菌素之濃度為約200μg至5000μg/1×107至5×1010個細菌/ml。
- 如申請專利範圍第1至4項中任一項之組成物,其中該戊二醛之濃度為約0.5%至約2.0%。
- 一種如申請專利範圍第1至13項中任一項之組成物於製造藥物之用途,該藥物用於治療哺乳動物之癌症。
- 一種完整且實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞於製造藥物之用途,該藥物用於治療哺乳動物之癌症,其中與對應之野生型革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞相比較,該完整且實質上非活的革蘭氏陰性細菌細胞係於條件下經多黏菌素B或多黏菌素E和戊二醛處理以具有脂多醣(LPS)介導之內毒素活性降低至少80%。
- 如申請專利範圍第15項之用途,其中該癌症為實體腫瘤。
- 如申請專利範圍第15或16項之用途,其中該細胞為沙門桿菌屬。
- 如申請專利範圍第15或16項之用途,其中該細胞為大腸桿菌屬。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361748369P | 2013-01-02 | 2013-01-02 | |
| US61/748,369 | 2013-01-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201440779A TW201440779A (zh) | 2014-11-01 |
| TWI664976B true TWI664976B (zh) | 2019-07-11 |
Family
ID=49943600
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW102147759A TWI664976B (zh) | 2013-01-02 | 2013-12-23 | 使用細菌治療癌症之組成物和方法 |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (6) | US9265804B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2941258B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP6125041B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR102214794B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN104884073B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2013371454B2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2896858C (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK2941258T3 (zh) |
| EA (1) | EA030573B1 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2759854T3 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL239453B (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX368210B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL2941258T3 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT2941258T (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI664976B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2014107365A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT2941258T (pt) * | 2013-01-02 | 2019-12-12 | Decoy Biosystems Inc | Composições e métodos para o tratamento de cancro utilizando bactérias |
| US20150283237A1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2015-10-08 | Mitchell S. Felder | Ctla-4 blockade with metronomic chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer |
| KR20170042778A (ko) * | 2014-08-19 | 2017-04-19 | 고꾸리츠 다이가꾸 호우징 오까야마 다이가꾸 | 면역 세포의 기능 증강 방법 및 면역 세포의 다기능성 평가 방법 |
| US9616114B1 (en) | 2014-09-18 | 2017-04-11 | David Gordon Bermudes | Modified bacteria having improved pharmacokinetics and tumor colonization enhancing antitumor activity |
| US10676723B2 (en) | 2015-05-11 | 2020-06-09 | David Gordon Bermudes | Chimeric protein toxins for expression by therapeutic bacteria |
| US11129906B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2021-09-28 | David Gordon Bermudes | Chimeric protein toxins for expression by therapeutic bacteria |
| US11180535B1 (en) | 2016-12-07 | 2021-11-23 | David Gordon Bermudes | Saccharide binding, tumor penetration, and cytotoxic antitumor chimeric peptides from therapeutic bacteria |
| JP2020524145A (ja) * | 2017-06-16 | 2020-08-13 | ナントバイオ,インコーポレイテッド | 細菌性ワクチン |
| US11168326B2 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2021-11-09 | Actym Therapeutics, Inc. | Engineered immunostimulatory bacterial strains and uses thereof |
| CA3082589A1 (en) | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-23 | Codex Dna, Inc. | Vibrio sp. organisms with modified lipopolysaccharide |
| BR112020014564A2 (pt) * | 2018-01-19 | 2020-12-08 | 4D Pharma Research Limited | Terapia de combinação para tratamento ou prevenção de câncer |
| JP7340591B2 (ja) | 2018-07-11 | 2023-09-07 | アクティム・セラピューティクス・インコーポレイテッド | 遺伝子操作された免疫刺激性細菌菌株およびその使用 |
| EP3844276A2 (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2021-07-07 | Actym Therapeutics, Inc. | Engineered immunostimulatory bacterial strains and uses thereof |
| IL281775B2 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2025-05-01 | Decoy Biosystems Inc | A preparation containing gram-negative bacteria for use in the treatment of viral infections |
| US12024709B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2024-07-02 | Actym Therapeutics, Inc. | Immunostimulatory bacteria engineered to colonize tumors, tumor-resident immune cells, and the tumor microenvironment |
| US11471497B1 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2022-10-18 | David Gordon Bermudes | Copper chelation therapeutics |
| US20220193149A1 (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2022-06-23 | City Of Hope | Compositions and methods for targeting tumor-associated extracellular matrix components to improve drug delivery |
| WO2021039554A1 (ja) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-04 | 有限会社バイオメディカルリサーチグループ | がん化学療法支持剤、食品及び医薬品 |
| US10973908B1 (en) | 2020-05-14 | 2021-04-13 | David Gordon Bermudes | Expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain in attenuated salmonella as a vaccine |
| EP3922255A1 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-15 | Prokarium Limited | Cancer therapy |
| US20240390428A1 (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2024-11-28 | Cncure Biotech, Inc. | Salmonella strain for prevention and treatment of cancer and use thereof |
| FI129784B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2022-08-31 | Solar Foods Oy | Methods of producing microbial product |
| US20240075123A1 (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2024-03-07 | Indaptus Therapeutics, Inc. | Treatment of cancers and infectious diseases with killed intact bacteria |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4842855A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1989-06-27 | University Of Pittsburgh | Antitumor process using a Brucella abortus preparation |
| WO1998053851A1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Laft mutants of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4436727A (en) | 1982-05-26 | 1984-03-13 | Ribi Immunochem Research, Inc. | Refined detoxified endotoxin product |
| US5171738A (en) | 1982-10-04 | 1992-12-15 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Method of treating malignant tumors |
| JPH04270965A (ja) * | 1990-05-18 | 1992-09-28 | Burton W Blais | オリゴペプタイド吸着担体の調製方法、及びこれを使用したリポ多糖類の検定と除去方法 |
| US6264952B1 (en) | 1993-11-05 | 2001-07-24 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method for protecting a mammalian host against infection by Brucella |
| CA2218601A1 (en) | 1995-03-24 | 1996-10-03 | Ophidian Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Treatment for verotoxin-producing escherichia coli |
| US6190657B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2001-02-20 | Yale University | Vectors for the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors including melanoma |
| US5811097A (en) * | 1995-07-25 | 1998-09-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Blockade of T lymphocyte down-regulation associated with CTLA-4 signaling |
| US5997881A (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1999-12-07 | University Of Maryland, Baltimore | Method of making non-pyrogenic lipopolysaccharide or A |
| AU749695B2 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2002-07-04 | Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Genetically modified tumor-targeted bacteria with reduced virulence |
| US6962696B1 (en) * | 1999-10-04 | 2005-11-08 | Vion Pharmaceuticals Inc. | Compositions and methods for tumor-targeted delivery of effector molecules |
| AU7856100A (en) | 1999-10-04 | 2001-05-10 | Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for treating solid tumors with irradiation and bacteria |
| AU783714B2 (en) * | 1999-10-04 | 2005-12-01 | Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compositions and methods for tumor-targeted delivery of effector molecules |
| CA2411944C (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2010-12-14 | Baylor College Of Medicine | The combination of antimicrobial agents and bacterial interference to coat medical devices |
| DK1446012T3 (da) | 2001-11-21 | 2013-10-14 | Univ Johns Hopkins | Bakteriolytisk kombinationsterapi til behandling af tumorer |
| WO2003063593A1 (en) * | 2002-01-28 | 2003-08-07 | Vion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods for treating cancer by administering tumor-targetted bacteria and an immunomodulatory agent |
| ATE459364T1 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2010-03-15 | Univ Johns Hopkins | Verbesserte bakteriolyse-kombinationstherapie für die behandlung von tumoren |
| NZ581806A (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2011-10-28 | Qu Biolog Inc | Bacterial compositions for the treatment of cancer |
| US8034359B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2011-10-11 | Qu Biologics Inc. | Tissue targeted antigenic activation of the immune response to cancers |
| US8501198B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2013-08-06 | Qu Biologics Inc. | Tissue targeted antigenic activation of the immune response to treat cancers |
| JP2008504822A (ja) | 2004-06-29 | 2008-02-21 | アンチキャンサー インコーポレーテッド | 癌選択的栄養要求株 |
| DK1984021T3 (en) | 2006-01-19 | 2016-12-05 | Res Corp Tech Inc | VIABLE non-toxic Gram-negative bacteria |
| WO2011113003A1 (en) | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | Research Corporation Technologies | Viable gram negative bacteria lacking outer membrane agonists of tlr4/md-2 |
| PT2941258T (pt) | 2013-01-02 | 2019-12-12 | Decoy Biosystems Inc | Composições e métodos para o tratamento de cancro utilizando bactérias |
-
2013
- 2013-12-23 PT PT138189659T patent/PT2941258T/pt unknown
- 2013-12-23 TW TW102147759A patent/TWI664976B/zh active
- 2013-12-23 KR KR1020157020243A patent/KR102214794B1/ko active Active
- 2013-12-23 US US14/139,063 patent/US9265804B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-23 JP JP2015550723A patent/JP6125041B2/ja active Active
- 2013-12-23 PL PL13818965T patent/PL2941258T3/pl unknown
- 2013-12-23 ES ES13818965T patent/ES2759854T3/es active Active
- 2013-12-23 US US14/377,693 patent/US10195259B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-23 EA EA201591017A patent/EA030573B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-12-23 CA CA2896858A patent/CA2896858C/en active Active
- 2013-12-23 AU AU2013371454A patent/AU2013371454B2/en active Active
- 2013-12-23 WO PCT/US2013/077441 patent/WO2014107365A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-23 DK DK13818965.9T patent/DK2941258T3/da active
- 2013-12-23 MX MX2015008606A patent/MX368210B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-12-23 EP EP13818965.9A patent/EP2941258B1/en active Active
- 2013-12-23 CN CN201380069002.XA patent/CN104884073B/zh active Active
-
2015
- 2015-06-16 IL IL239453A patent/IL239453B/en active IP Right Grant
-
2016
- 2016-01-21 US US15/003,726 patent/US10052371B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-04 US US16/240,217 patent/US11045504B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-06-25 US US17/359,375 patent/US20220047649A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2024
- 2024-03-20 US US18/610,886 patent/US20240374656A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4842855A (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1989-06-27 | University Of Pittsburgh | Antitumor process using a Brucella abortus preparation |
| WO1998053851A1 (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-03 | University Of Iowa Research Foundation | Laft mutants of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| TWI664976B (zh) | 使用細菌治療癌症之組成物和方法 | |
| Lebeis et al. | TLR signaling mediated by MyD88 is required for a protective innate immune response by neutrophils to Citrobacter rodentium | |
| Pawelek et al. | Bacteria as tumour-targeting vectors | |
| Bergsbaken et al. | Macrophage activation redirects yersinia-infected host cell death from apoptosis to caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis | |
| Torres et al. | Membrane tumor necrosis factor confers partial protection to Listeria infection | |
| Kalinina et al. | Amelioration of graft-versus-host disease by exopolysaccharide from a commensal bacterium | |
| Dréau et al. | Combining the specific anti-MUC1 antibody TAB004 and lip-MSA-IL-2 limits pancreatic cancer progression in immune competent murine models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | |
| US20170101624A1 (en) | Methods of enhancing t-cell longevity and uses thereof | |
| Wang et al. | Upregulation of TREM2 expression in M2 macrophages promotes Brucella abortus chronic infection | |
| Linnebacher et al. | Lysates of S. pyogenes serotype M49 induce pancreatic tumor growth delay by specific and unspecific antitumor immune responses | |
| US10918677B2 (en) | Attenuated or inactivated pathogenic Escherichia coli for treating urogenital cancer | |
| CN115943211A (zh) | 肿瘤靶向鸡沙门氏菌菌株及其用途 | |
| BR112015015832B1 (pt) | Composição compreendendo células bacterianas gram-negativas intactas e não viáveis e uso das mesmas | |
| HK1217289B (zh) | 使用細菌治療癌症的組合物和方法 | |
| RU2741228C2 (ru) | Противоопухолевые эффекты вирусного вектора, кодирующего толл-подобный рецептор и агонист толл-подобного рецептора | |
| Ferdinandi et al. | Virulizin®-a review of its antineoplastic activity | |
| Simunic et al. | Intestinal microbiome and myelodysplastic syndromes: Current state of knowledge and perspectives for future | |
| CN120202300A (zh) | 用于治疗癌症的免疫增强型沙门氏菌菌株及其用途 | |
| Dréau | Combining the Specific Anti-MUC1 Antibody TAB004 and Lip-MSA-IL-2 | |
| Westphal | Snapshots on bacterial tumor colonization |