TWI568225B - Method of streaming packet transmission - Google Patents

Description

Stream packet transmission method

The invention relates to a stream packet transmission method, in particular to a method for selecting a source with better transmission quality to transmit a packet.

In recent years, due to the rise of peer-to-peer (P2P) technology, the source of data transmission is no longer limited to a single primary server, but data transmission can be performed by a multi-source structure. To enhance the flexibility of data transmission, and the technology is now more widely used in multimedia streaming, such as PPStream, PPTV or Coolstreaming.

When performing multimedia streaming in a peer network, an original data is usually encoded into a plurality of data blocks, and each data block has a plurality of packets, and when the receiving end receives one or several source terminals After transmitting the packet, the receiving end may combine the plurality of packets to form the data block, and decode the plurality of data blocks into the correct original data, thereby completing the data transmission operation.

However, in the architecture of the peer network, each source may have a different Round Trip Time (RTT) and a Packet Loss Rate (PLR) due to differences in operating environments, where When the round-trip time of the source end is long, it means that the transmission speed of the source end is slow; when the packet loss rate of the source end is high, it means that the transmission reliability of the source end is poor. When the receiving end is used to receive the streaming video data to be played in real time, since the plurality of packets of the streaming video data have an unsatisfactory timing according to the playing time, if the timing is low (the distance is longer than the desired playing time) Short) is a long round trip or sealed When the source end of the packet loss rate is transmitted to the receiving end, the receiving end may not receive the packet with low timing quickly and completely, and the receiving end cannot complete the data transmission before playing the streaming image data. During the operation, the streaming image data will be delayed or paused during playback, and the above situation highlights the problem that the conventional streaming packet transmission method has poor transmission efficiency.

In view of this, the present invention provides a stream packet transmission method to solve the problem of poor transmission efficiency of the conventional stream packet transmission method.

The object of the present invention is to provide a stream packet transmission method, which can improve transmission efficiency.

To achieve the foregoing object, the streaming packet transmission method of the present invention is as follows: A streaming packet transmission method is implemented in a transmission network, and is implemented by a receiving end and a plurality of sources to perform the following steps, including: Performing a lazy calculation equation on the plurality of sources to calculate an inertia value of each of the plurality of sources according to a round trip time and a packet loss rate of the plurality of sources; and the number of the receivers is The source end sends a transmission request, and the source device having the lowest inertia value downloads the packet having the smallest one of the sequence numbers in the data block, wherein the packet has a small to large size according to the sequence of execution of each of the respective ones. The timing number, wherein the inertia calculation equation is as follows: IN _i =RTT _i /(1-PLR _i ), where IN _i represents the i-th inert value of the source; RTT _i represents the i-th source Round-trip time of the terminal; PLR _i represents the packet loss rate of the i-th source.

Wherein, the plurality of source terminals respectively have an inert level according to the respective inert values, and the inertia levels of the plurality of sources have a correspondence relationship with the number and the number of the sequence numbers of the plurality of packets, and the receiving end is According to the correspondence, one of the inertia levels is selected to download the packet corresponding to the timing number.

The inertia level of the plurality of sources and the sequence number of the plurality of packets are represented by a relational equation, and the relationship equation is as follows: f(x)=e ^-1/(C.x) ; h _i =f(H _i );IN _j =RTT _j /(1-PLR _j );S(IN _j )=i,if f(IN _j ) (h _i-1 , h _i ); where f(x) is used to normalize the parameter x into an inverse exponential function between 0 and 1; C represents the growth gradient used to control f(x) A control factor is a constant between 1 and 10; h _i represents a timing number threshold corresponding to timing number i; H _i represents an inert level threshold corresponding to timing number i; IN _j represents the jth source The inertia value of the terminal; RTT _j represents the j-th round-trip time of the source; PLR _j represents the j-th packet loss rate of the source; S(IN _j ) represents the corresponding inert value of the j-th source The function of the sequence number i.

Accordingly, the stream packet transmission method of the present invention can improve the transmission efficiency by selecting an appropriate source terminal for packet transmission.

〔this invention〕

N‧‧‧Transmission network

T‧‧‧ terminal device

S1‧‧‧ inert value calculation steps

S2‧‧‧ Packet transmission steps

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an implementation environment of a stream packet transmission method of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a flow chart of the streaming packet transmission method of the present invention.

Figure 3 is a diagram corresponding to the equation of the stream packet transmission method of the present invention.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; By means of a wired entity, a wireless medium or a combination thereof (for example, a heterogeneous network), the data of the two devices can be transmitted to each other.

Referring to FIG. 1 , it is an implementation environment diagram of the stream packet transmission method of the present invention, wherein a plurality of terminal devices T are included in a transmission network N, and each terminal device T can be connected to each other. Form a peer transmission network. In this embodiment, the plurality of terminal devices T are devices having data processing and communication functions, such as a notebook computer (Notebook PC), a tablet PC (Tablet PC), or a smart phone (Smart Phone). The transmission network N can be a physical, an action, a heterogeneous network, or a combination thereof. Thereby, the plurality of terminal devices T can adopt the same network transmission mode for different users to share data such as multimedia streaming (Media Streaming). The plurality of terminal devices T may form a computing module, a transmission module and a storage module in the form of software or hardware, and the computing module (for example, a microprocessor, etc.) Performing parameter calculation and setting of each terminal device T, and performing execution time judgment on the packet of the multimedia stream data, or performing programs such as grouping, encoding, and decoding; and the transmission module (for example, a peer-to-peer transmission protocol) a controller or the like) for transmitting a plurality of packets included in each of the data blocks of the multimedia stream; the storage module (eg, a cache memory, etc.) for storing the received The few packets.

In addition, in order to make the description of the present case more clear, for the plurality of terminal devices T, if the device is used to transmit data or perform operations before transmitting data in the step, the following is defined as a source; The device is used in the step to receive data or perform operations after receiving data, and is defined as a receiving end.

Referring to FIG. 2, it is a flowchart of the stream packet transmission method of the present invention, which includes an inert value calculation step S1 and a packet transmission step S2.

The inertia value calculation step S1 is performed by a plurality of sources to perform an inertia calculation equation according to a round trip time (RTT) and a packet loss rate (PLR) of the respective source terminals. Calculate an inert value for each of the several sources. The plurality of source terminals can obtain the respective round trip time and the packet loss rate according to the historical data of the past period of time, which can be understood by those skilled in the art. Again, the inertia equation is as follows: IN _i =RTT _i /(1-PLR _i ) (1)

Wherein, IN _i represents the i-th inert value of the source; RTT _i represents the i-th round-trip time of the source; and PLR _i represents the i-th packet loss rate of the source.

More specifically, since each source may have different round trip time and the packet loss rate due to differences in operating conditions (network quality, hardware devices, or other environmental factors, etc.), where When the time is short, it means that the transmission speed of the source end is faster; when the packet loss rate of the source end is low, it means that the transmission reliability of the source end is high. Therefore, when the plurality of sources calculate the inert value by the inert equation, if the source end for calculating has a shorter round trip time and a lower packet loss rate, the smaller one can be obtained. The inert value also indicates that the source has better transmission quality; similarly, if the source end for calculating has a long round trip time and a high packet loss rate, the larger one can be obtained. The inert value also indicates that the source has poor transmission quality. Thereby, the calculation of the inertia value can represent the transmission quality of the plurality of sources, and has the effect of accurately evaluating the transmission quality of the source end.

In the packet transmission step S2, the receiving end sends a transmission request to the plurality of source terminals to read the inertia values of the plurality of source terminals, and downloads a data area from the source terminal having the lowest inertia value. At least one packet of the plurality of packets included in the block. The receiving end may download any one of the data blocks included in the data block from the source end having the lowest inertia value, or download all the packets included in the data block from the source end having the lowest inert value. No limit. Thereby, when the receiving end downloads the packet from the source end having the lowest inertia value, the overall packet transmission quality and speed can be improved, and the transmission efficiency is improved.

Alternatively, the receiving end may further define the packet to be downloaded. More specifically, in the plurality of packets of the data block downloaded by the receiving end, the plurality of packets may have a sequence number in each of the execution order, and the receiving end may have the lowest inertia value. The source downloads the packet with the smallest sequence number in the data block. For example, in the case of the packet of the data block of the streaming data, the sequence number of the packet that is executed (played) at the earliest may be 0, and the sequence number of the packet that is executed (played) earlier may be 1, and the sequence number of the remaining packets is It can be analogized in the above manner, and will not be described here. Wherein, since the packet whose timing number is 0 will be executed (played) at the earliest, when the receiving end downloads the packet with the smallest sequence number in the data block from the source end having the lowest inertia value, it is ensured The packet with the smallest timing number can be transmitted by the source end with better transmission quality, so that the packet can complete the transmission operation before execution, and has the effect of improving transmission efficiency.

In the packet transmission step S2, the receiving end can download the packet from the source terminals at the same time, in addition to downloading the packet from the source end having the lowest inert value. More specifically, the plurality of sources each have an inert level according to the inertia value, and the inertia levels of the plurality of sources have a correspondence with the number and the number of the sequence numbers of the plurality of packets. The receiving end selects, according to the correspondence relationship, one of the inertia levels to download the corresponding packet of the timing number corresponding to the source end. The inertia level of the plurality of sources and the sequence number of the plurality of packets are represented by a relational equation, and the relationship equation is as follows: f(x)=e ^-1/(C.x) ; h _i =f(H _i );S(IN _j )=i,if f(IN _j ) (h _i-1 ,h _i ); (2)

Where f(x) is an inverse exponential function used to normalize the parameter x to a number between 0 and 1; C represents a control factor for controlling the growth slope of f(x), which is between 1 and 10. A constant between; h _i represents the timing number threshold corresponding to the sequence number i; H _i represents the inertia threshold of the corresponding timing number i; IN _j represents the jth inert value of the source; S (IN _j ) represents A function for calculating the timing number i corresponding to the jth inert value of the source.

Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a correspondence diagram between the inertia levels of the plurality of sources of the relational equation and the timing numbers of the plurality of packets, and the horizontal coordinate of the correspondence graph is An inert level threshold, the ordinate is a timing threshold threshold. Taking the number of packets as three as an example, the timing numbers of the plurality of packets may be 0, 1, and 2, respectively. If the number of the inertia levels is also set to 3, the inertia levels may be 0, 1, 2, respectively. Under the calculation of the relationship equation, the plurality of sources may be classified into different inert levels according to the respective inert values, so that the inertia levels 0, 1, and 2 respectively have several different sources. And the packet with the timing number 0 corresponds to a number of sources with a lazy level of 0, so that the packet with the timing number 1 corresponds to a number of sources with an inert level of 1, and the packet with the timing number 2 corresponds to Several sources with a lazy level of 2. For example, the packet whose download sequence number is 0 is used, and the receiving end may randomly select one of the source terminals whose download level is 0 in the source level of the inertia level according to the above correspondence, or at the inertia level. Among the several sources of 0, the source with the lowest lazy value is selected to download the packet with the sequence number 0. Similarly, the receiver can also download the packets with the sequence numbers 1 and 2 in the same manner as described above. Thereby, when the receiving end selects, according to the corresponding relationship, the packet of the timing number corresponding to the source end to be downloaded from the different inertia level, not only the source with better transmission quality (lowest inertia level) The first download is performed (the sequence number is the smallest) of the packet, and the packet can be downloaded early (the sequence number is small) through the source with the second-lowest transmission quality (lowest inertia level), except that the packet can be downloaded quickly. In addition to the packets to be executed, the packets that are executed later can be downloaded from different sources, so that several sources can be used for the transmission of the packets, which has the effect of improving transmission efficiency.

In summary, the stream packet transmission method of the present invention can improve the overall transmission efficiency by selecting a source end to download a packet with better transmission quality.

While the invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments described above, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The technical scope of the invention is protected, and therefore the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims.

S1‧‧‧ inert value calculation steps

S2‧‧‧ Packet transmission steps

Claims (3)

A streaming packet transmission method is implemented in a transmission network, and a receiving end and a plurality of source terminals perform the following steps, including: performing a lazy calculation equation by the plurality of sources, according to the plurality of Calculating the inertia value of each of the plurality of source terminals by one of the source end round trip time and a packet loss rate; and transmitting the request to the source terminals by the receiving end, and downloading the source terminal with the lowest inertia value The packet having the smallest one of the timing blocks in the data block, wherein the packet has the sequence number from small to large according to the order of execution of each of the blocks, wherein the inertia calculation equation is as follows: IN _i =RTT _i /(1-PLR _i ), where IN _i represents the i-th inert value of the source; RTT _i represents the i-th round-trip time of the source; PLR _i represents the i-th packet loss rate of the source. The method of transmitting a stream packet according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sources respectively have an inert level according to the inert value of each of the plurality of sources, and the inertia level of the plurality of sources and the plurality of packets The number of the sequence number has a corresponding relationship with the quantity, and the receiving end selects, according to the correspondence, one of the inertia levels to download the packet corresponding to the timing number of the source end. The method of transmitting a stream packet according to claim 2, wherein the inertia level of the plurality of sources and the sequence number of the plurality of packets are represented by a relational equation, and the relationship equation is as follows: f(x)=e ^-1/(C.x) ;h _i =f(H _i );IN _j =RTT _j /(1-PLR _j );S(IN _j )=i,if f(IN _j ) (h _i-1 , h _i ); wherein f(x) is an inverse exponential function for normalizing the parameter x to a number between 0 and 1; C represents a growth gradient for controlling f(x) A control factor is a constant between 1 and 10; h _i represents a timing number threshold corresponding to timing number i; H _i represents an inert level threshold corresponding to timing number i; IN _j represents the jth source The inertia value of the terminal; RTT _j represents the j-th round-trip time of the source; PLR _j represents the j-th packet loss rate of the source; S(IN _j ) represents the corresponding inert value of the j-th source The function of the sequence number i.