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TWI541687B - 觸碰螢幕電極組態 - Google Patents

觸碰螢幕電極組態 Download PDF

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TWI541687B
TWI541687B TW099137313A TW99137313A TWI541687B TW I541687 B TWI541687 B TW I541687B TW 099137313 A TW099137313 A TW 099137313A TW 99137313 A TW99137313 A TW 99137313A TW I541687 B TWI541687 B TW I541687B
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哈洛德 飛利浦
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愛特梅爾公司
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0445Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using two or more layers of sensing electrodes, e.g. using two layers of electrodes separated by a dielectric layer
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/13338Input devices, e.g. touch panels
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343Electrodes
    • G02F1/13439Electrodes characterised by their electrical, optical, physical properties; materials therefor; method of making
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1633Constructional details or arrangements of portable computers not specific to the type of enclosures covered by groups G06F1/1615 - G06F1/1626
    • G06F1/1684Constructional details or arrangements related to integrated I/O peripherals not covered by groups G06F1/1635 - G06F1/1675
    • G06F1/169Constructional details or arrangements related to integrated I/O peripherals not covered by groups G06F1/1635 - G06F1/1675 the I/O peripheral being an integrated pointing device, e.g. trackball in the palm rest area, mini-joystick integrated between keyboard keys, touch pads or touch stripes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/01Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
    • G06F3/03Arrangements for converting the position or the displacement of a member into a coded form
    • G06F3/041Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means
    • G06F3/044Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means
    • G06F3/0446Digitisers, e.g. for touch screens or touch pads, characterised by the transducing means by capacitive means using a grid-like structure of electrodes in at least two directions, e.g. using row and column electrodes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2203/00Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/00 - G06F3/048
    • G06F2203/041Indexing scheme relating to G06F3/041 - G06F3/045
    • G06F2203/04112Electrode mesh in capacitive digitiser: electrode for touch sensing is formed of a mesh of very fine, normally metallic, interconnected lines that are almost invisible to see. This provides a quite large but transparent electrode surface, without need for ITO or similar transparent conductive material

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Description

觸碰螢幕電極組態
本發明係關於一種觸碰螢幕,且更特定而言,係關於觸碰螢幕電極組態。
觸碰螢幕顯示器能夠偵測在主動或顯示區域內之一觸碰,諸如偵測是否存在按壓一固定影像觸碰螢幕按鈕之手指或偵測一手指在一較大觸碰螢幕顯示器上之存在及位置。某些觸碰螢幕亦可偵測除一手指以外之元件之存在,諸如用於在一觸碰螢幕顯示器上產生一數位簽名、選擇物件或執行其他功能之一手寫筆。
使用一觸碰螢幕作為一顯示器之一部分允許一電子裝置改變一顯示影像且呈現可藉由觸碰來選擇、操縱或致動之不同按鈕、影像或其他區。因此,觸碰螢幕可提供用於蜂巢式電話、GPS裝置、個人數位助理(PDA)、電腦、自動櫃員機(ATM)機及其他裝置之一有效使用者介面。
觸碰螢幕使用各種技術來感測來自一手指或手寫筆之觸碰,諸如電阻式、電容式、紅外及聲學感測器。電阻式感測器依賴於觸碰來致使覆蓋顯示器之兩個電阻式元件彼此接觸從而完成一電阻式電路,而電容式感測器依賴於改變由覆蓋該顯示器裝置之一元件陣列所偵測到之電容之一手指之電容。紅外及聲學觸碰螢幕類似地依賴於一手指或手寫筆來中斷跨越螢幕之紅外波或聲波,從而指示一觸碰之存在及位置。
電容式及電阻式觸碰螢幕通常使用諸如氧化銦錫(ITO)等透明導體或諸如PEDOT等透明導電聚合物來形成在顯示影像上方之一陣列,以使得可透過用於感測觸碰之導電元件看見顯示影像。電路之大小、形狀及圖案對觸碰螢幕之準確度以及對覆蓋該顯示器之電路之可見度均具有影響。雖然在覆蓋一顯示器時難以看見大多數適合導電元件之一單個層,但多個層對一使用者可係可見的,且諸如細線金屬元件等某些材料並不透明而係依賴於其小的大小來避免被使用者看見。
此外,通常使用具有其自身之電路及圖案之觸碰螢幕來覆蓋諸如LCD顯示螢幕之顯示器。因此,在設計一觸碰螢幕時期望考量觸碰螢幕電極圖案之組態。
一種觸碰螢幕包含跨越一基板之一主動區域分佈之觸碰螢幕電極元件,且該觸碰螢幕覆蓋一顯示器。該等觸碰螢幕電極元件經組態以避免在該顯示器與該觸碰螢幕之間形成莫爾圖案(moir pattern),諸如斜線、波形線、Z字形線或隨機化線。在另一實例中,該等電極形成經組態以避免莫爾圖案之一網格圖案。
觸碰螢幕通常用作小電子裝置、器具及其他此類電子系統上之介面,因為觸碰螢幕後方之顯示器可易於經調適以向使用者提供說明及接收各種類型之輸入,藉此提供需要極少之使用者訓練即能有效地使用之一直觀介面。廉價且高效之觸碰螢幕技術使得能夠將觸碰螢幕併入至廉價之商業裝置中,但此等廉價技術亦應期望地係耐用的,且對雜訊、水分或灰塵或其他非既定操作具有相對高之抗擾性以確保觸碰螢幕總成之可靠性及耐久性。
於一典型之互電容觸碰螢幕中,監測驅動電極與各種接收或感測電極之間的電容,且該等電極之間的互電容之一改變指示一手指之存在及位置。互電容感測器電路量測由提供一密封式外殼之一電介質覆蓋材料覆蓋之驅動電極與接收電極之間的電容。當存在一手指時,驅動電極與接收電極之間的場耦合被減弱,乃因人體將拱接於驅動電極與接收電極之間的場之一部分傳導出去。此減小驅動電極與接收電極之間的所量測電容性耦合。在一自電容觸碰螢幕中,一單個類型之電極之一陣列用於藉由監測觸碰對該陣列中之每一電極之自電容之影響來確定一觸碰之位置。所附接之電路可量測一單個電極或諸如電極列及電極行等電極群組之自電容。在一更詳細之實例中,量測使電極之電壓升高一預定量所需之一電荷量,藉此確定每一電極之電容。當存在一手指時,電極之自電容增加,從而導致自電容之一可量測改變。
覆蓋一顯示器之觸碰螢幕元件有時係由諸如金屬導線跡線或細線金屬等導電材料或更通常地係呈若干薄層之透明且相對導電之導體(諸如氧化銦錫)形成。諸如PEDOT(聚乙烯二氧噻吩)及其他導電聚合物等其他材料亦相對透明且用於某些觸碰螢幕中。
在以一互電容模式操作時,圖1中所示之一實例性觸碰螢幕使用一導電跡線陣列作為觸碰螢幕元件,其具有處於不同層中之X驅動線及Y接收線。在自電容操作中,獨立地確定X及Y電極之自電容以確定手指在兩個維度上之位置。在此實例中,該等元件跨越觸碰螢幕顯示器大致均勻地分佈且針對X驅動線及Y接收線兩者分成不同區0至3。在一更詳細之互電容實例中,四個不同驅動信號X0至X3驅動四個單獨之水平X驅動線陣列,如在101處所大體展示。驅動此等線之信號與102處所展示之垂直接收線Y0至Y3電容性耦合。當一手指103觸碰該觸碰螢幕時,期望該手指與數個X驅動線互動,從而使X0與X1驅動線相交,使得可藉由對每一驅動及接收區之電容性耦合之干擾程度來確定手指在該觸碰螢幕上之位置。
在此實例中,手指103大致等同地干擾X0及X1驅動線與接收線之間的電容性耦合,且類似地大致等同地干擾Y2及Y3接收線與X驅動線之間的電容性耦合。此指示手指之觸碰係在由驅動線及接收線形成之柵格上位於X0與X1之間及Y2與Y3之間。
雖然在此實例中每一區包括多個電極,但在其他實例中每一區可以至觸碰螢幕之更大數目個電連接為代價而具有單個電極。此處將圖1之觸碰螢幕顯示器展示為具有四個不同的垂直區及四個不同的水平區,但諸如一典型之電腦或智慧電話應用等其他實施例可具有比此實例中所展示之區明顯更多之區。
由於手指觸碰103在形狀上有點圓形或橢圓形,因此與在指紋之頂部或底部極端邊緣處之驅動線相比其將與接近手指中心之驅動線更強烈地互動。此外,手指將在一較小程度上與不位於手指與螢幕之保護層之間的實體接觸區域正下方之鄰近驅動線及接收線互動,其中手指在實體上仍足夠接近該等驅動線及接收線以與其電容性耦合互動。
手指對多個驅動線及接收線之影響使得觸碰螢幕顯示器能夠以遠超過僅確定一手指位於四個所顯示垂直及水平區中之哪一者中之極好準確度偵測該手指在觸碰螢幕顯示器上之垂直及水平位置。為達成此結果,此處預期在直徑上大致為8毫米之一指紋,對線間隔進行組態。在此實例中,針對一6毫米之電極間距,該等線大致間隔開約2毫米,使得一典型觸碰與至少三個或四個垂直及水平線強烈地互動。
在操作中,圖1之觸碰螢幕顯示器之一使用者將一手指放置於觸碰螢幕上或接近觸碰螢幕處,如103處所展示。在互電容模式下,經由X0至X4驅動線發送脈衝串,使得可單獨地確定不同之X驅動線與Y接收線之間的互電容,諸如藉由對所接收電荷之改變之觀察或另一適合方法。當一手指之存在中斷X與Y驅動線與接收線之間的場(諸如藉由緊密接近於觸碰螢幕之一部分)時,觀察到電極之間的所觀察場耦合之一減小。
線跨越觸碰螢幕顯示器之分佈亦為大體均勻的,從而產生跨越觸碰螢幕顯示器之相對均勻之亮度。但是,諸如在圖1中之線之規則圖案及間隔可導致對一顯示器之規則重複像素圖案之干擾,從而導致使一下伏之所顯示影像失真或減小其清晰度之可見莫爾圖案。
因此,在某些應用中,觸碰螢幕元件相對於一顯示器總成之線或像素組態之組態對於減少莫爾圖案係重要的,乃因覆蓋規則或重複像素圖案之線組態可在觸碰螢幕顯示器總成中形成干擾或莫爾圖案。因此,在某些實施例中,需要將諸如圖1之實施例之一實施例中之電極組態為不規則或呈不導致對下伏顯示器總成之此干擾之角度。
在本發明之某些實例性實施例中,觸碰螢幕顯示器中之線組態經確定以避免由於線幾何結構與顯示器之像素幾何結構互動而形成干擾或莫爾圖舉例而言,非常接近但自顯示器之一線角稍微偏移(諸如1度)之線可能產生干擾圖案。類似地,直角或其分數(諸如90度角、45度角及22.5度角)亦可取決於顯示器元件之組態及觸碰螢幕元件之線間距而更可能產生莫爾圖案。
圖2展示按照各種實例性觸碰螢幕實施例經組態以減少或消除干擾圖案之觸碰螢幕元件之數項實例。諸如此等元件之觸碰螢幕元件可替代圖1之筆直細線金屬元件,從而減小一觸碰螢幕總成中之莫爾圖案可見度。
在201處,該等線經組態而與觸碰螢幕顯示器總成及LCD顯示器之一邊緣成除直角外之一角度,從而減小干擾圖案之可能性。在202處,使用波形線來避免細金屬線之長線性伸展,從而減小導致干擾圖案之概率。類似地,在203處之細金屬線係Z字形的,從而打破平行線之長線性伸展。在204處,該等線遵循隨機化圖案且因此亦缺少長線性部分。在205處亦展示一隨機化電極圖案,但隨機化電極線自線至線地橫向移位以打破電極圖案中之垂直規則性;自線至線之移位量就其本身而言可經隨機化以進一步抑制線群組導致一莫爾效應之能力。在進一步之實施例中,使用基於分形之或其他不規則形狀來達成一類似效應。
雖然此處使用斜線及波形線來避免形成莫爾圖案,但除線之角度或方向以外之多種因素將影響在用一觸碰螢幕總成覆蓋一顯示器時觀察到一莫爾圖案之可能性,包含觸碰螢幕元件或電極線寬度、頻率及標度。在某些實施例中,使用寬度大約為3至7微米之細線金屬來形成觸碰螢幕元件,該寬度比甚至高解析度LCD顯示器之典型像素大小小得多。
一高解析度LCD顯示器像素通常係由直徑為100至150微米或0.1至0.15毫米之三個個別紅色、綠色及藍色子像素構成。此大的標度差異減少一線可與一像素重疊之量,從而限制可由重疊之觸碰螢幕減弱之像素視在亮度之量。由於被重疊之觸碰螢幕線遮蔽之子像素與未被觸碰螢幕元件線遮蔽之子像素之間的差異係小的,因此大大減少了形成一可見莫爾圖案之機會。舉例而言,僅為5微米寬之一線無法實質上遮蔽直徑為100微米之一LCD彩色子像素,從而在觸碰螢幕元件線與下伏顯示器之一子像素重疊時幾乎不導致可見亮度之差異。然而,即使一高像素對線尺寸比觸碰螢幕在適當條件下亦可展示出微小之莫爾條帶效應,此可係令人反感的。
進一步地,觸碰螢幕線之頻率或密度係莫爾圖案產生中之一因素,乃因線之間的較大間隔或重疊圖案之間的間距之較大差異通常趨於減小產生可見莫爾圖案之可能性。返回至圖1之實例,約8毫米之實例性指紋103覆蓋約四個線,從而在每一線之間產生約2毫米之一線間距。當使用在寬度上為5微米之細線金屬觸碰螢幕元件電極時,線之間的距離為線之寬度之約400倍,從而產生非常低之線密度及相對大之自線至線寬度。低密度及線之間的相對大間距兩者減小在覆蓋具有一規則重複之像素組態之一顯示器時產生可見莫爾圖案之可能性。在其他實例中,線間距比線寬度大至少20、50、100或150倍。
在該等實例中,所展示之波形線及Z字形線包含線之某一組態重複,諸如以相同之圖案重複地上下起伏。在另一實例中,鄰近線之間的重複程度係變化的,以進一步減少形成可促成莫爾效應之規則重複圖案之機會。在某些實施例中,重複諸如10、20、50個或某一其他適合數目的線之線元件群組以形成較大之觸碰螢幕,從而減少佈置具有大量觸碰螢幕電極元件之較大觸碰螢幕所需之工作。可使用隨機化線之重複,其中重複之線充分遠離或具有足夠數目之非重複介入線以便不太可能促成莫爾圖案,諸如每10或20個線重複。因此,一設計者可使用20個隨機線之一標準塊且重複地使用該相同之20個線來產生諸如圖1中之一大觸碰螢幕元件陣列,從而避免針對每一應用手動地產生大量隨機線之需要。
在某些其他實例中,亦考量到線圖案之標度,使得下伏顯示器之像素重複之標度在比抗莫爾觸碰螢幕元件圖案之重複小得多之一標度上。舉例而言,一觸碰螢幕顯示器上之綠色子像素可每100微米重複其圖案,而覆蓋之波形線觸碰螢幕電極每5毫米重複其圖案。此標度差異大大地減少了觀察到一莫爾圖案之機會,尤其是在電極線大小相對於顯示器之像素大小為小之情況下。
在其他實例中,該等線在路徑上係隨機的或半隨機的,諸如在204處所顯示之分形型線。此等線可使用包含隨機數產生、分形演算法之使用之多種方法來產生或可用手繪製。
由於需要保持鄰近線不重疊且知曉線之近似位置來確定觸碰位置,因此在另一實施例中將線位置限定於某一帶或範圍。此可以若干種方式來達成,諸如僅設定隨機化過程之上限及下限、正規化一所產生線以適合於某一帶內、基於在一帶內之線位置改變下一線方向改變之概率以促進至一期望平均路徑之回復及其他方法。圖2在206處展示約束於某一帶或範圍內之單獨隨機化電極線之一實例。
除了線方向以外,線之間的間隔及線之重複亦可變化以減小細線金屬觸碰螢幕元件陣列之規則性、減少觀察到莫爾圖案之機會。若線之間的間隔變化,則無論是對於例如分形線之隨機線還是對於例如波形線之重複綫,該線都將顯著較不可能形成遮蔽下伏顯示器上之像素之規則重複圖案,從而減少形成莫爾圖案之機會。與隨機化線方向一樣,可使用包含在一範圍內之隨機化、將隨機數正規化至一期望範圍及其他方法之若干種適合技術來達成線間隔變化。諸如界限之線約束之使用在隨機化線間隔中同樣係重要的,以確保鄰近線(諸如圖1之X驅動線及Y接收線)不會靠得太近或彼此觸碰,藉此導致場非線性。圖2在207處展示具有通道內之線位置之變化及線特徵之重複之頻率之變化之一個此實例。
圖3展示具有隨機化觸碰螢幕元件路徑之兩層觸碰螢幕顯示器總成,諸如在圖2之204處所展示。在此實例中,一第一組觸碰螢幕元件301遵循變化之隨機化路徑以便不形成與一下伏顯示器之像素重疊之規則圖案。類似地,一第二組觸碰螢幕元件302亦遵循變化之隨機化路徑以避免與下伏顯示器之像素一起形成莫爾圖案。
在另一實例性實施例中,線301與302形成驅動及接收電極之兩層互電容觸碰螢幕陣列,其非常類似於圖1之實例,但對莫爾圖案之形成具有顯著改良之抗性。在一替代實施例中,線301及302之陣列形成一自電容觸碰螢幕陣列,其中使用線301及302之自電容來確定在二維觸碰螢幕上之一觸碰之位置。
如以上實例中所展示,使用具有複雜或不規則圖案、不規則間隔及其他變化之觸碰螢幕電極元件可在該觸碰螢幕覆蓋具有一規則重複像素元件圖案之一顯示器總成時減小莫爾效應。圖2之實例可容易地應用於各種觸碰螢幕實施例,諸如上文所呈現之互電容及自電容觸碰螢幕實例以及諸如單層觸碰螢幕之其他觸碰螢幕實施例。
圖4展示經組態以形成一觸碰螢幕顯示器之電極之一配置,其包含重疊之網格狀電極陣列。於此處,一第一電極陣列401與一第二電極陣列402覆蓋在一起,使得該等電極遵循經組態以避免在覆蓋一顯示器時形成莫爾圖案之不規則路徑。雖然此處該等電極係形成於不同之層上,但在其他實施例中使用類似配置來形成單層觸碰螢幕總成。
在一項實例中,可將此處所展示之觸碰螢幕組態為一互電容觸碰螢幕來操作,諸如其中X線為驅動線且Y線為接收線。在另一實例中,將X及Y線作為自電容電極來獨立地操作。
在此實例中,在區403之區域內展示耦合至X1連接之水平電極,且在區404內展示耦合至Y2連接之垂直電極。區405類似地展示耦合至連接Y3之垂直電極且在406處展示觸碰螢幕顯示器之重疊此等驅動及接收段之一區段。在407處展示垂直電極之未耦合至一垂直外部連接之「靜區」(標記為DZ)且其視需要地包含於各種組態中以便提供改良之線性。如在408處之放大垂直電極視圖中所展示,Y2與Y3接收電極區之間的垂直靜區Y電極在垂直方向上斷裂以防止場沿電極軸之傳播,從而確保觸碰螢幕總成之線性回應。
在408處之放大垂直Y電極視圖亦圖解說明Y接收電極如何形成於具有與波形線段互連之一連續圖案之波形線之網格中,其中具有將Y2及Y3電極區與靜區(DZ)電極407分離之斷裂。此處將此等斷裂錯開,以打破區之間的分離之規則性且防止莫爾圖案。Y層電極係由一連串曲線形成,但在其他實施例中由多邊形或其他圖案形成。此處形成Y電極圖案之S形曲線進一步提供穿過電極之電流路徑之一冗餘度,乃因該等線係藉由使S形曲線交叉以形成所展示之網格而以規則間隔橋接的。
在此實例中,在409處所展示之X電極圖案覆蓋在408處所展示之放大截面中所展示之Y電極圖案。X電極圖案包含形成一水平電極網格之一混合平行四邊形陣列,其中具有藉由如在410處所展示截去平行四邊形之端且橋接經截去之平行四邊形而形成之區之間的斷裂。此處橋接經截去之平行四邊形防止一開端線段,從而提供較大之導電性及針對一不期望斷裂之一冗餘路徑或平行四邊形中之缺陷。此外,在409處所展示之不規則平行四邊形圖案中之頂點由於電極元件角度及混合平行四邊形形狀之變化而不在一直線上。因此,平行四邊形之間的在其頂點處之形成區之間的斷裂之斷裂在位置上變化,如在410處所展示,從而減少莫爾效應之機會且在區之間提供某一程度之內插效應。
可相依於一特定應用之要求(例如像素間距、電極間隔、所需線密度等)使用不同之形狀及形狀變化來形成混合平行四邊形陣列。具有少於四個不同角度之線元件(例如一規則棋盤圖案)之使用可用於某些實例中但可促成產生一莫爾效應之較大可能性。已展示,平行四邊形之一混合具有以下潛在優點:具有許多非正交線角同時可容易地在密度及間距上按比例調整。除了所展示之平行四邊形以外,亦可使用諸如各種類型之多邊形、曲線、隨機或半隨機線及其他此類電極之其他形狀(包含以各種組合形式)且在本發明之範疇內。
在411處所展示之放大視圖中,在408及409處所展示之電極係被覆蓋的,其圖解說明兩個電極圖案如何與其之間的電隔離物(未展示)層疊在一起以形成大體在圖4中400處所展示之一電極圖案。X電極多邊形及Y電極S曲線經組態以藉助具有相同間距且在兩個維度上以相同頻率重複之元件形成網格。此使得能夠將X電極層中之多邊形之相交點置於由Y電極圖案之S曲線形成之開放空間中,且Y電極圖案之s曲線之間的相交點位於由X電極層之多邊形形成之開放空間中。
進一步地,在覆蓋且自上方觀看時,X電極與Y電極跡線或導線之間的許多交疊係大致正交的,從而減小觸碰螢幕對層至層裝配過程中之小對準改變或缺陷之敏感度改變。斜角可導致裝配期間之圖案位移錯誤,此可導致明顯之場非線性且因此期望減少此形式之錯誤。在各種其他實例中,驅動元件與接收元件之間的交疊角度期望地係至少45度、60度或管理觸碰螢幕至圖案對準之敏感度之另一適合角度。
細線圖案展示出由於圖案粒度所致之局部化場波動,除了層層對準錯誤以外,此亦導致敏感度之區波動。期望以一規則方式使此等波動對準,若可能,與電極中心線同步。此處電極圖案經組態使得諸如Y1與Y2之電極連接之間距與Y網格之重複之間距對準,且電極連接X1與X2之間距與X電極網格之間距對準。因此,每一層中之網格與電極中心同步地沿每一軸重複。此確保電極網格與電極連接之關係在每一電極連接處均相同,從而提供電極區之間的幾何結構及回應之良好線性。
在一項實例中,圖4之觸碰螢幕實例之構造包含在分離之塑膠片上製作X及Y電極層並將該片層壓於一覆蓋透鏡下方。在另一實例中,在相同之塑膠片或其他基板上製作X及Y層,其中在電極之間的交疊點處印刷或沈積一電介質材料以防止X與Y層之間的傳導。
可容易地反轉圖4中之X驅動層與Y接收層,使得X層或Y層中之任一者為驅動層或接收層,其中觸碰螢幕總成之效能無顯著改變。在另一實例中,將相同之圖案或網格用於X層與Y層,諸如將S曲線用於X層與Y層兩者或將多邊形用於X層與Y層兩者。任一此種組態之淨效應係提供無視在莫爾效應之一觸碰螢幕電極圖案。
在各種觸碰螢幕組態中,圖1之電極由諸如氧化銦錫、導電聚合物或窄金屬線之各種材料構成。在一更詳細之實例中,細金屬導線包括在寬度上為約10微米或小於10微米或諸如在寬度上為低於20微米或低於5微米之另一類似適合大小之印刷金屬跡線。一更詳細之實例包含在寬度上為約10微米且佔據總螢幕面積之3%至7%之細線金屬線。在某些實施例中,非常小之線寬度使得能夠每毫米放置許多線,乃因在各種實施例中總線密度可覆蓋總螢幕面積之一百分比之一分數至10%而不顯著影響穿過觸碰螢幕對一影像之可見度。
圖5展示與具有自電容性耦合之一電極相關聯之場線。此處,場線自由一電路502操作之一電極線501(展示為X)延伸,該場穿透面板503。如圖所示,所發射場504之一部分逸出至自由空間或該面板之其他部分中,且與一手指(當存在時)電容性耦合。電路502觀察到由於在場線504附近出現一手指所致之電極501之一自電容改變,諸如藉由觀察到改變電極501之電壓需要一更大電荷。此項技術中存在可用於電路502之諸多形式之電容式感測器電路且其係眾所周知的。
圖6展示具有互電容性耦合之一電極組態。此處,一手指601致使自驅動電極603正常耦合至接收電極604之場線602由手指601吸收,如606處所展示。此動作之結果係完全可由接收器605偵測到之信號位準之一降低,信號之減小與諸如指紋面積、電極面積、面板607厚度及介電常數、人體大小及位置、皮膚厚度及導電性以及其他因素之多種因素有關。
圖7展示在諸如一LCD之一顯示器上方之一單電極層堆疊之一項實體實施方案。將電極701印刷或以其他方式製於一基板702上,在某些實施例中,該基板係諸如PET或聚碳酸酯之一透明塑膠片或可能係一玻璃層。使用黏合劑703將基板層702接合至面板704;在某些實施例中,黏合劑703係一液體黏合劑或一黏合片。裝配可係經由一層壓過程進行以提供有一氣密總成。當與一顯示器一起使用時,電極701可由透明ITO、細線金屬跡線或其他低可見度導電材料製成。若不使用顯示器,則總成705之光學性質不相關且可使用任一組適合材料。間隙706係顯示器與總成705之間的一氣隙,如此項技術中所常見。在某些情況下,在此間隙中插入一黏合層並將整個堆疊層壓至顯示器之頂部係有利的。
圖8展示含有(舉例而言)可用於實施圖4之設計之兩個感測層之一總成堆疊801。使用兩個塑膠膜層802及803(其中其上製有各別電極804及805)並藉助黏合層806、807且視需要地藉助808經由一層壓過程將該兩個塑膠膜層裝配至面板809且可能地亦裝配至顯示器810。
圖9展示圖8之層壓在一起但無黏合層808、而替代使用一氣隙901之層堆疊。
觸碰螢幕通常用於來自自動櫃員機(ATM機)、家用器具、個人數位助理及蜂巢式電話以及其他此類裝置之多種應用中。一個此種實例性蜂巢式電話或PDA裝置圖解說明於圖10中。此處,蜂巢式電話裝置1001包含包括裝置之最大表面之一顯著部分之一觸碰螢幕顯示器1002。觸碰螢幕1002之大大小使得該觸碰螢幕能夠呈現各種各樣之影像,此能力可連同觸碰螢幕能力一起伺服以向裝置提供輸入,包含一鍵盤、一數位小鍵盤、程式或應用程式圖標及所期望之各種其他介面。
使用者可藉由用一單個手指觸碰來與裝置互動,諸如以選擇一程式來執行或在觸碰螢幕顯示器總成1002上所顯示之一鍵盤上鍵入一字母,或當觀看一文檔或影像時使用多個觸碰(諸如)以放大或縮小。在諸如家用器具之其他裝置中,顯示器不改變或僅在裝置操作期間稍微改變,且可僅辨識單個觸碰。
雖然圖10之實例性觸碰螢幕顯示器係組態為一矩形格柵,但其他組態係可能的且在本發明之範疇內,諸如一觸碰輪、一線性滑動器、具有可重組態顯示器之按鈕及其他此類組態。耦合至不同元件之驅動電極或接收電極跨越觸碰螢幕元件之成比例分佈可適於任一此種形狀,從而使得能夠偵測觸碰螢幕上之輸入區。
許多材料及組態將適合於形成諸如本文中所闡述之彼等觸碰螢幕之觸碰螢幕,包含印刷或蝕刻之細線金屬、金屬導線、氧化銦錫(ITO)、導電聚合物及其他此類材料。
此處所呈現之此等實例性觸碰螢幕總成圖解說明可如何使用經組態以在覆蓋具有一重複像素圖案之一顯示器時減小形成一可見莫爾圖案之概率之電極來形成一觸碰螢幕。雖然此處所給出之抗莫爾觸碰螢幕顯示器總成實例通常依賴於互電容或自電容來操作,但本發明之其他實施例將使用其他技術,包含其他電容量測、電阻或其他此類感測技術。本申請案旨在涵蓋本文中所闡述之實例性實施例之任何改動或變化形式,且本發明僅受申請專利範圍及其等效內容之全部範疇之限制。
103...手指
201...斜線
202...波形線
203...Z字形線
204...隨機化線
302...第二組觸碰螢幕元件
301...第一組觸碰螢幕元件
401...第一電極陣列
402...第二電極陣列
403...區
404...區
405...區
406...區
407...區
408~411...處
501...電極線
502...電路
503...面板
504...所發射場
601...手指
602...場線
603...驅動電極
604...接收電極
605...接收器
607...面板
701...電極
702...基板
703...黏合劑
704...面板
705...總成
706...間隙
801...總成堆疊
802...塑膠膜層
803...塑膠膜層
804...電極
805...電極
806...黏合層
807...黏合層
808...黏合層
809...面板
810...顯示器
901...氣隙
1001...蜂巢式電話裝置
1002...觸碰螢幕顯示器
圖1展示按照先前技術之兩層互電容觸碰螢幕總成。
圖2圖解說明按照一實例性實施例經設計以在覆蓋一顯示器時減小莫爾效應之各種觸碰螢幕元件圖案。
圖3圖解說明按照一實例性實施例包括經組態以在覆蓋一顯示器時減小莫爾效應之隨機化電極之兩層觸碰螢幕總成。
圖4展示按照一實例性實施例包括經組態以在覆蓋一顯示器時減小莫爾效應之重疊驅動及接收網格電極圖案之兩層觸碰螢幕顯示器總成。
圖5展示按照一實例性實施例之一自電容觸碰感測系統。
圖6展示按照一實例性實施例之一互電容觸碰感測系統,其中存在一手指。
圖7展示根據一實例性實施例覆蓋一LCD顯示器面板之一單層觸碰螢幕總成。
圖8展示根據一實例性實施例覆蓋一LCD顯示器面板之雙層觸碰螢幕總成之一分解視圖。
圖9展示根據一實例性實施例之圖8之經裝配雙層觸碰螢幕總成。
圖10展示根據一實例性實施例具有一觸碰螢幕顯示器之一蜂巢式電話。
401...第一電極陣列
402...第二電極陣列
403...區
404...區
405...區
406...區
407...區
408~411...處

Claims (29)

  1. 一種觸碰螢幕,其包括:複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件,其跨越(across)一基板之至少一主動區域而分佈;其中該等觸碰螢幕電極元件包括經組態以在覆蓋具有一規則的重複像素圖案之一顯示器時避免可見莫爾圖案(moiré patterns)之電極。
  2. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中該複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件形成包括多邊形、s曲線、隨機曲線或不規則形狀中之至少一者之一網格。
  3. 如請求項2之觸碰螢幕,其中該網格沿一或多個區邊緣斷裂以在該網格內形成多個電分離區。
  4. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中該等觸碰螢幕電極元件包括在寬度上為10微米或小於10微米之細線金屬元件。
  5. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中該等觸碰螢幕電極元件包括斜(angled)線、波形線、Z字形線或隨機化線中之至少一者。
  6. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中該等觸碰螢幕電極元件具有係該顯示器之一子像素大小之1/10或小於1/10之一線寬度。
  7. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中觸碰螢幕線元件之間的一間隔係隨機化。
  8. 如請求項1之觸碰螢幕,其中觸碰螢幕線元件之間的一距離係該等線之該寬度之至少50倍。
  9. 一種製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其包括:形成跨越基板之至少一主動區域而分佈之複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件;其中該等觸碰螢幕電極元件包括經組態以在覆蓋具有一規則的重複像素圖案之一顯示器時避免莫爾圖案之線。
  10. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中該複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件形成包括多邊形、s曲線、隨機曲線或不規則形狀中之至少一者之一網格。
  11. 如請求項10之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中該網格沿一或多個區邊緣斷裂以在該網格內形成多個電分離區。
  12. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中該等觸碰螢幕線元件包括在寬度上為10微米或小於10微米之細線金屬元件。
  13. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中該等觸碰螢幕線元件包括斜線、波形線、Z字形線或隨機化線中之至少一者。
  14. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中該等觸碰螢幕線元件具有係該顯示器之一子像素大小之1/10或小於1/10之一線寬度。
  15. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中使觸碰螢幕線元件之間的一間隔隨機化。
  16. 如請求項9之製造一觸碰螢幕之方法,其中觸碰螢幕線元件之間的一距離係該等線之該寬度之至少50倍。
  17. 一種電子裝置,其包括:一顯示器,其具有一規則地重複的像素圖案;及一觸碰螢幕,其包括跨越基板之至少一主動區域而分佈之複數個觸碰螢幕線元件,該觸碰螢幕覆蓋該顯示器;其中該等觸碰螢幕元件包括經組態以避免該顯示器與該觸碰螢幕之間的莫爾圖案之線。
  18. 如請求項17之電子裝置,其中該裝置包括一蜂巢式電話、一個人數位助理、一器具、一電腦、一自動櫃員機及一資訊站中之至少一者。
  19. 如請求項17之電子裝置,其中該等觸碰螢幕線元件包括斜線、波形線、Z字形線或隨機化線中之至少一者。
  20. 如請求項17之電子裝置,其中該複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件形成包括多邊形、s曲線、隨機曲線或不規則形狀中之至少一者之一網格。
  21. 一種形成電子裝置之方法,其包括:形成具有一規則地重複的像素圖案之一顯示器;及形成包括跨越一基板之至少一主動區域而分佈之複數個觸碰螢幕線元件之一觸碰螢幕,該觸碰螢幕覆蓋該顯示器;其中該等觸碰螢幕元件包括經組態以避免該顯示器與該觸碰螢幕之間的莫爾圖案之線。
  22. 如請求項21之形成一電子裝置之方法,其中該裝置包括一蜂巢式電話、一個人數位助理、一器具、一電腦、一 自動櫃員機及一資訊站中之至少一者。
  23. 如請求項21之形成一電子裝置之方法,其中該等觸碰螢幕線元件包括斜線、波形線、Z字形線或隨機化線中之至少一者。
  24. 如請求項21之形成一電子裝置之方法,其中該複數個觸碰螢幕電極元件形成包括多邊形、s曲線、隨機曲線或不規則形狀中之至少一者之一網格。
  25. 一種觸碰螢幕,其包括:觸碰螢幕電極元件之一第一網格(mesh),其跨越一基板之至少一主動區域而分佈,該第一網格經組態以在覆蓋具有一規則的重複像素圖案之一顯示器時避免可見莫爾圖案;觸碰螢幕電極元件之一第二網格,其跨越該基板之至少一主動區域而分佈且與該第一網格重疊,該第二網格經組態以在覆蓋具有一規則的重複像素圖案之一顯示器時避免可見莫爾圖案;其中該第一網格及該第二網格進一步經組態以具有相同間距,使得該第一網格中之網格相交點出現於該第二網格中之開放空間中,且該第二網格中之網格相交點出現於該第一網格中之開放空間中。
  26. 如請求項25之觸碰螢幕,其進一步包括耦合至每一網格之多個電極連接,且該網格中之複數個斷裂使鄰近電極彼此分離。
  27. 如請求項26之觸碰螢幕,其中該多個電極連接形成有與 該所耦合網格相同之間距,使得該等電極連接與該網格之間的連接之一組態在該網格中保持一致。
  28. 如請求項25之觸碰螢幕,其中該第一網格及該第二網格包括一多邊形網格及一波形線網格中之至少一者。
  29. 如請求項28之觸碰螢幕,其中該多邊形網格包括斜(oblique)多邊形。
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